英文写作中的最常见“十大句式”
本文提供的十大句式主要包括“否定句、非限制性定语从句、让步状语从句、It引导的从句、假设句、倒装句、强调句、比较句、插入语、原因句”。
这“十大句式”具有一定的普遍性。事实上，“十大句式”在阅读论文和论文写作中出现的频率相当高，也是广大科研人员非常熟悉的句式。一旦科研人员熟练地掌握了它们的用法，就能根据内容表达的需要，随时派上用场。
对科研人员来讲，用英文进行科技论文的写作只是一种表达的方式，英文只是一种表达的工具，平时较少关注如何运用多种句式的意识，因此多数科研人员以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之，往往想不到运用这些句式。
那些感觉句子写起来挥洒自如的科研人员，其中或多或少地在使用十大句式，在一定程度上说明他们头脑中已经培养起句式写作潜意识。
这“十大句式”中除了否定句、倒装句、插入语一般可以写成简单句以外，其它6到7句都属于复合句，占到总数的三分之二以上。
换句话说，如果科研人员能运用十大句式正确地写出句子，那么不仅复杂句的数量就可以达到6到7分规定的要求，而且句式呈现多样化，复合句和简单句交错使用，大大增强文章表达效果。
一、否定句
许多否定句中并不含有not的否定结构。如果作者能在论文中正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使文章显得生动活泼。
Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.(Instead of 介词短语，副词)
On no account (Under no circumstances) can we ignore the immense value of knowledge.(绝不——in no way, by no means, in no case)
College students take part-time jobs not for more money but for a better understanding of societies.
One’s salary does not depend so much on his educational background as on hisability and contribution to the society.
In terms of nutrition, fast foodies far from satisfactory.
Parents would not expect their children to become useful persons without working hard.
二、非限制性定语从句
如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality, which is of vital importance to their development in the future.
Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.
The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
三、让步句
让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。
This view is widely acknowledged；however，there is little evidence that smoking is beneficial to people’s health.
Although(While) the computer has been widely used inclass, it cannot replace the role of teachers.
Reasonable as the opinion sounds, itcannot bear much analysis.
In spite of a lot of conveniences that cars bring to people’slife, it can create a series of serious problems.
四、It引导的句子
It引导的句子是写作中使用频率最高的句式。作者应熟练掌握其用法，并能灵活运用到文章的开篇、主体段和结尾段中。
It is hard to imagine what our life would look like without computers in modern society.
It is conceivable that being physically active does good to health.
It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not.
It is universally acknowledged that water and air are indispensable to human beings.
It is essential that endangered species ofanimals be protected against being killed.
It is high time that the government took effective measures to solve these problems.
It has been made easier for modern people to communicate with each other by the internet in a few seconds.
It is worth caring about the way a child behaves.
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
It has been a few decades since the computer came into being.
五、假设句
假设句可分为真实假设句和非真实假设句两种。常用在主体段落表示正、反论证。
If we destroy old buildings, then we will ruin the traditional culture and heritage.(条件假设)
You would miss the chance to interact with other students if you used internet at home.
Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of being unemployed.
六、倒装句
在写作中恰当和准确地使用倒装句，有助于句子表达形式的多样化，使语言更加生动有力。
Only in this way can the problem be tackled properly.(部分倒装——助动词或情态动词提到主语前)
Only when children take arduous efforts can they become successful.(部分倒装)
Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, but students learn how to handle interpersonal relations. (部分倒装——助动词或情态动词提到主语前，形成助动词+主语+谓语动词)
Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.
So valuable is water that we cannot afford to waste it.(So that语句中，so+完全倒装+that，或主谓倒装)
Nowadays, most dangerous for youngsters is the tendency to indulge in playing PC games.
七、强调句
写作时为了突出句子的某一成分，常常使用强调句。
It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal species.
It is not until people suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS that they are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical care.
Nothing in the world is more valuable than health.
八、比较句
正确地使用比较结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。
Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional households.（同级比较）研究表明来自单亲家庭的青少年犯罪率是来自传统家庭的两倍。
Generally speaking, people in moderntimes enjoy less leisure time than they did previously.（比较级）一般说来，现代人比过去享有更少的休闲时间。
Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence tests. 与不同能力的孩子相比，聪明的孩子在学业和智力测验方面表现更加突出。
Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for their society. 与明星不同，其他专业人员如医生和教师为社会创造了真正的价值。
Air is to human what (as) water is to fish. 空气对人类就如同水对鱼一样。
九、插入语
插入语是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释。最常见的位置于句中,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。用得恰当，不仅可以增加字数，而且使文章更显地道和精彩。
Computers, most important of all, create wide communication around the world.
Providing more parking areas, in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world.
Observing local culture, consciously and unconsciously, can reduce the chance of offending the locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even conflict.
Space exploration, some people believe, will bring some unexpected discoveries.
十、原因句
几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或者可以写原因。议论文的讲道理实际就是说明原因。因此，掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的。
Violent films can do harm to youngpeople, because they contains numerous negative information.
Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal extinction.
We should attribute(ascribe) medical advances to the animals which do substantial contributions to the experiment.
Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one ofthe most serious problems.
Owing to the fierce competition in today’s world, a great many young people find themselves under great pressure.
结语：句式变换直接影响到论文写作的成败。在此，衷心希望“十大句式”能为广大科技论文科研人员提供一条快速、高效的提高句式写作的途径。
真正做到学以致用，“以不变应万变”。
（来源：小木虫论坛）
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