JEEM 2022年第112卷目录及摘要
全文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-environmental-economics-and-management/vol/112/suppl/C
How effective is carbon pricing?—A machine learning approach to policy evaluation
Jan Abrell, Mirjam Kosch, Sebastian Rausch
Do exports of renewable resources lead to resource depletion? Evidence from fisheries
Sabrina Eisenbarth
Searching for carbon leaks in multinational companies
Antoine Dechezleprêtre, Caterina Gennaioli, Ralf Martin, Mirabelle Muûls, Thomas Stoerk
The heterogeneous incidence of fuel carbon taxes: Evidence from station-level data
Jarkko Harju, Tuomas Kosonen, Marita Laukkanen, Kimmo Palanne
Are power plant closures a breath of fresh air? Local air quality and school absences
Sarah Komisarow, Emily L. Pakhtigian
Transmission constraints, intermittent renewables and welfare
Jacob LaRiviere, Xueying Lyu
Sweating the energy bill: Extreme weather, poor households, and the energy spending gap
Jacqueline M. Doremus, Irene Jacqz, Sarah Johnston
The impact of air pollution on movie theater admissions
Xiaobo He, Zijun Luo, Junjie Zhang
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102626
Mind your Ps and Qs! Variable allowance supply in the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Lana Friesen, Lata Gangadharan, Peyman Khezr, Ian A. MacKenzie
Dynamic resource management under weak property rights: A tale of thieves and trespassers
Mauricio Rodriguez, Sjak Smulders
Productivity loss amid invisible pollution
Chunchao Wang, Qianqian Lin, Yun Qiu
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102638
How effective is carbon pricing?—A machine learning approach to policy evaluation
Jan Abrell Mirjam Kosch Sebastian Rausch
Abstract：While carbon taxes are generally seen as a rational policy response to climate change, knowledge about their performance from an ex-post perspective is still limited. This paper analyzes the emissions and cost impacts of the UK CPS, a carbon tax levied on all fossil-fired power plants. To overcome the problem of a missing control group, we propose a policy evaluation approach which leverages economic theory and machine learning for counterfactual prediction. Our results indicate that in the period 2013–2016 the CPS lowered emissions by 6.2 percent at an average cost of €18 per ton. We find substantial temporal heterogeneity in tax-induced impacts which stems from variation in relative fuel prices. An important implication for climate policy is that whether a higher carbon tax leads to higher emissions reductions and higher costs depends on relative fuel prices.
Do exports of renewable resources lead to resource depletion? Evidence from fisheries
Sabrina Eisenbarth
Abstract：This paper shows that exports are an important cause of resource depletion. The paper uses detailed country–species–level fisheries data to estimate the causal effect of a fishery’s exports on the collapse of the fishery. Identification is based on an export demand shock originating from Japan. The results reveal that an increase in logged exports by one standard deviation raises the probability of a fishery’s collapse in the following year by 31 percentage points. Particularly fisheries without catch share programs collapse when exports surge.
Searching for carbon leaks in multinational companies
Antoine Dechezleprêtre Caterina Gennaioli Ralf Martin Mirabelle Muûls Thomas Stoerk
Abstract：Does a unilateral climate change policy cause companies to shift the location of production, thereby creating carbon leakage? In this paper, we analyze the effect of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on the geographic distribution of carbon emissions by multinational companies. The empirical evidence is based on unique data for the period 2007–2014 from the Carbon Disclosure Project, which tracks the emissions of multinational businesses by geographic region within each company. Because they already operate from multiple locations, multinational firms should be the most prone to carbon leakage. Our data includes the regional emissions of 1,122 companies, of which 261 are subject to EU ETS regulation. We find no evidence that the EU ETS has led to a displacement of carbon emissions from Europe toward the rest of the world, including to countries with lax climate policies and within energy-intensive companies. A large number of robustness checks confirm this finding. Overall, the paper suggests that modest differences in carbon prices between countries do not induce carbon leakage.
The heterogeneous incidence of fuel carbon taxes: Evidence from station-level data
Jarkko Harju Tuomas Kosonen Marita Laukkanen Kimmo Palanne
Abstract：We use station-level price data and a significant diesel fuel carbon tax reform to study who bears the economic burden of fuel carbon taxes. We use a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the pass-through of the large carbon tax increase to retail prices, where we compare retail diesel prices faced by private motorists to retail gasoline prices. We find that on average fuel carbon taxes are less than fully passed through to consumer prices, which suggests that consumers and the supply chain split the burden of these taxes. Using information on station location, we match price observations with postcode-level average incomes and measures of urbanization, and show that there are significant differences in the pass-through rate across areal incomes and between rural and urban areas up to one year after the reform. The effect of fuel carbon taxes on consumer prices decreases with areal income and with the degree of urbanization.
Are power plant closures a breath of fresh air? Local air quality and school absences
Sarah Komisarow Emily L. Pakhtigian
Abstract：In this paper we study the effects of three large, nearly-simultaneous coal-fired power plant closures on school absences in Chicago. We find that the closures resulted in a 6 percent reduction in absenteeism in nearby schools relative to those farther away following the closures. For the typical elementary school in our sample, this translates into around 363 fewer absence-days per year in the aggregate, or 0.66 fewer annual absences per student. To explore potential mechanisms responsible for these absence reductions, we investigate the effects of the closures on endogenous migration to neighborhoods near the plants (mediated through housing prices) and emergency department visits for asthma-related conditions among school-age children. We do not find strong evidence of endogenous migration into neighborhoods near the coal-fired power plants following the closures but do find declines in rates of emergency department visits in areas near the three plants. Given inequalities in exposure to operational coal-fired power plants and other large, industrial polluters, our findings suggest that transitions towards alternative energy sources could play an important role in addressing educational inequality.
Transmission constraints, intermittent renewables and welfare
Jacob LaRiviere Xueying Lyu
Abstract：We use the roll-out of a large transmission expansion in Texas’ electricity market to measure the market impacts of the transmission expansion on benefits of increased renewable capacity. The value of transmission expansion varies based upon how new renewable investment over the sample is attributed to transmission expansion: payback periods range from roughly 40 years (assuming no investment impact) to roughly 20 years (assuming observed capacity increases are due to transmission expansion). Payback periods also depend on how global pollutants like carbon and regional pollutants like PM 2.5 are internalized by regional policy makers, reducing the payback period further to as little as 11 years.
Sweating the energy bill: Extreme weather, poor households, and the energy spending gap
Jacqueline M. Doremus Irene Jacqz Sarah Johnston
Abstract：We estimate the relationship between temperature and energy spending for both low and higher-income U.S. households. We find both groups respond similarly (in percentage terms) to moderate temperatures, but low-income households’ energy spending is half as responsive to extreme temperatures. Consistent with low-income households cutting back on necessities to afford their energy bills, we find similar disparities in the food spending response to extreme temperature. These results suggest adaptation to extreme weather, such as air conditioning use, is prohibitively costly for households experiencing poverty.
The impact of air pollution on movie theater admissions
Xiaobo He Zijun Luo Junjie Zhang
Abstract：We provide new evidence of pollution avoidance in the movie theater market. Our analysis is based on a unique dataset of high-frequency movie ticket sales in China at the movie- and city-level during 2012–2014. We estimate that one pollution day reduces the market share of a movie by 2.26%, other things being equal. The effect is mainly through ambient pollution exposure during transportation to the theater. On average, popular movies are inelastic to air pollution. However, as air quality deteriorates, even blockbuster movies start to suffer a box-office loss during the heavy pollution episodes.
Mind your Ps and Qs! Variable allowance supply in the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Lana Friesen Lata Gangadharan Peyman Khezr Ian A. MacKenzie
Abstract：We investigate the new institutional design for the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). The scheme incorporates two allowance reserves that adjust the supply of allowances in the event of unexpectedly high or low allowance demand. These reserves are enacted if the clearing price breaches a predetermined set of trigger prices. Our experiment finds trigger prices act as focal points: the distribution of clearing prices is bimodal and aligns with the trigger prices. We find the existence of focal points can be explained by both the institutional design and subjects’ behavior. Further, decreasing the range between trigger prices increases total revenue but decreases allocative efficiency. The regulation is more sensitive to changes in trigger prices than reserve quantities.
Dynamic resource management under weak property rights: A tale of thieves and trespassers
Mauricio Rodriguez Sjak Smulders
Abstract：We study non-renewable resource extraction when institutions weakly protect the resource owner’s property rights. First, weak wealth protection exposes the stock in the ground to trespassing. Second, weak income protection exposes revenues from extraction to theft. In our dynamic framework with strategic interactions, the strength of wealth and income protection evolves over time. The weak protection of wealth results in excessive depletion due to the common pool externality. Anticipated changes in institutional strength further distort depletion. A resource user (i.e., owner or trespasser) is less rapacious when she anticipates favorable institutional changes. However, a given change in institutional strength may be favorable for some but detrimental for another resource user. Under these conflicting interests, the anticipation of better wealth protection might result in less efficient extraction. More generally, our results indicate that unstable institutions limit the benefits derived from resource ownership and thus constitute a challenge to the efficient management of non-renewable resource riches in weakly institutionalized economies.
Productivity loss amid invisible pollution
Chunchao Wang Qianqian Lin Yun Qiu
Abstract：Ground-level ozone is a continuing problem worldwide, but there is insufficient research about the influence of ozone pollution on labor productivity in developing countries. Couriers are important for e-commerce and the rapidly developing express delivery industry around the world. Yet, due to their typical outdoor working environments, they are susceptible to the health effects of ozone pollution. We investigate the effect of ozone pollution on outdoor worker productivity in the service sector using a unique panel dataset of courier productivity from a top-five express delivery company in China. Using an instrumental variable constructed from ozone pollution of nearby upwind cities, we find that a 1 standard deviation increase in daily ozone pollution decreases courier productivity by 6.8%. The same increase in ozone over the previous 30 day period decreases worker productivity by 23.7%. Our findings emphasize an under-researched but important part of the socioeconomic costs of ozone pollution, and call for policy attention on the coordinated management of ozone pollution and particulate matters in developing countries.
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