JDS《发展研究杂志》2022年第58卷第4期目录及摘要

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https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fjds20/58/4

Articles
Do Bureaucrats Contribute to the Resource Curse?  Evidence from a Survey Experiment in New Oil States
Rachel Sigman, Adam S. Harris, Jan-Hinrik Meyer-Sahling, Kim Sass Mikkelsen & Christian Schuster

If you Build it, will they come?  Use of Rural Drinking Water Systems in the Peruvian Amazon
Jami Nelson-Nuñez, Simón Mostafa, Ryan B. Mahoney & Karl G. Linden

Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion, and Unmet Opportunities: Evidence from Uganda
Jana S. Hamdan, Katharina Lehmann-Uschner & Lukas Menkhoff

The Gender-Differential Effect of Financial Inclusion on Household Financial Resilience
Carlos Sakyi-Nyarko, Ahmad Hassan Ahmad & Christopher J. Green

The Labour Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador
Sergio Olivieri, Francesc Ortega, Ana Rivadeneira & Eliana Carranza

Beyond Experience and Capital.  Is there a Return to Return Migration?
Sami Bensassi & Liza Jabbour

Women’s Inheritance Rights and Child Health Outcomes in India
Joseph B. Ajefu, Nadia Singh, Shayequazeenat Ali & Uchenna Efobi

Re-visiting the Conditional Cash Transfer in India through the Partial Identification Approach
Toshiaki Aizawa

Servicification of Manufacturing in Global Value Chains: Upgrading of Local Suppliers of Embedded Services in the South African Market for Wind Turbines
Ulrich Elmer Hansen, Ivan Nygaard, Mike Morris & Glen Robbins

The Impact of Academic Freedom on Democracy in Africa
Hajer Kratou & Liisa Laakso

How Social Assistance Affects Subjective Wellbeing: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan
Franziska Gassmann, Bruno Martorano & Jennifer Waidler

Mode of Globalization and Manufacturing Firm Closure in Cameroon
Ousmanou Njikam

Book Reviews
Africa’s Last Colonial Currency: The CFA Franc Story
By Fanny Pigeaud and Ndongo Samba Sylla (translated by Thomas Fazi) London: Pluto Press, 2020, 192 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9780745341798
Serena Merrinohttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2021.1994234

Hunting Game: Raiding politics in the Central African Republic
By Louisa N. LombardCambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, xii + 253 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781108478779
Catherina Wilson

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2021.1997087

In China’s Wake: How the Commodity Boom Transformed Development Strategies in the Global South
By Nicholas JepsonNew York: Columbia University Press, 2020, 376 pp., £70.00 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0231187961
Ricardo Reboredo

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2021.2004656

Do Bureaucrats Contribute to the Resource Curse?  Evidence from a Survey Experiment in New Oil States
Rachel Sigman    Adam S. Harris    Jan-Hinrik Meyer-Sahling    Kim Sass Mikkelsen    Christian Schuster

Abstract：The resource curse literature argues that oil production reshapes the fiscal contract between citizens and the state: politicians become less responsive to citizen taxpayers and more likely to use public revenues for their own benefit. This paper examines whether and how bureaucrats influence this breakdown of the fiscal contract. Analysing results of a survey experiment conducted with government employees in Ghana and Uganda, we find that, when primed to think about oil revenue, bureaucrats do not generally express attitudes indicating that they contribute to the resource curse. Although oil revenue does lead some Ghanaian bureaucrats to become less interested in responding to taxpayers, this finding does not operate as predicted, i.e. by bureaucrats expressing greater partiality towards the ruling elite. Instead, we attribute this outcome to ‘disgruntled employees’ – political outsiders with low salaries – who, unlikely to benefit from oil revenue, become disaffected from citizen service. The results shed new light on processes through which resource extraction changes state institutions.

If you Build it, will they come?  Use of Rural Drinking Water Systems in the Peruvian Amazon
Jami Nelson-Nuñez    Simón Mostafa    Ryan B. Mahoney    Karl G. Linden

Abstract：While organisations across the world struggle to extend access to the 522 million living in rural areas without clean water, those who do have access do not necessarily use it. This paper explores why, within areas that have public taps with treated water, some individuals continue to use water from untreated sources. We focus on non-use of available rural water supply systems as well as inconsistent use, a phenomenon typically overlooked. Based on surveys in 12 rural communities with water systems in the Peruvian Amazon and qualitative interviews, this study finds community meeting attendance is important for consistent use as attendance increases social influence and reinforces information about the importance of clean water. Non-users are more likely to be those living furthest from the water source and with lower levels of education. Findings point to ways in which community approaches to heath interventions may be more likely to reach some – those with stronger ties to communities, who live closer and have higher levels of education – than others.

Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion, and Unmet Opportunities: Evidence from Uganda
Jana S. Hamdan    Katharina Lehmann-Uschner    Lukas Menkhoff

Abstract：Mobile money is an important instrument to improve the degree of financial inclusion, especially in developing countries. However, having a mobile money account does not imply that this account is actually used. In our sample, 86% of microentrepreneurs own a mobile money account, but only 49% actively use it – the resulting gap indicates unmet opportunities. We estimate that mobile money reaches up to 40% of those without prior access to (semi-)formal financial services, still leaving a substantial group behind in which women and the most disadvantaged are overrepresented. A choice experiment shows that high fees hinder mobile money usage for a substantial number of microentrepreneurs. Moreover, insufficient physical infrastructure, i.e. a small number and unfavourable spatial distribution of mobile money agents, also limits access, while a lack of financial education seems to contribute to comparatively low price sensitivity. Based on these results, we suggest policy measures that reduce the remaining barriers limiting the contribution of mobile money to financial inclusion.

The Gender-Differential Effect of Financial Inclusion on Household Financial Resilience
Carlos Sakyi-Nyarko    Ahmad Hassan Ahmad    Christopher J. Green

Abstract：This paper applies the kernel propensity score matching difference-in-differences method to examine gender-differential effects of financial inclusion on household financial resilience, using repeated cross-sectional data from two successive large-scale surveys of Ghanaian households. Applying standardised indices for financial inclusion and financial resilience, we find that financial inclusion significantly improves household financial resilience. Results from gender and locality disaggregated analyses suggest that the effect of financial inclusion on household resilience does not significantly vary by gender or locality. Results from different measures of financial inclusion show that savings and formal account ownership yield more pronounced resilience effect, with mobile money (m-money) exerting the least impact. Remittances via m-money – sending and receiving (a proxy for social capital) – provide significant financial resilience effects, with generally stronger effects in rural than in urban areas, especially for females.

The Labour Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador
Sergio Olivieri    Francesc Ortega    Ana Rivadeneira    Eliana Carranza

Abstract：As of 2019, more than 1.2 million Venezuelans passed through Ecuador and more than 400,000 settled (almost 3 percent of Ecuador’s population). This paper analyzes the location choices of Venezuelan migrants in Ecuador and the labour market consequences of these choices, using data from Ecuador’s labour force survey and mobile phone records on the geographic distribution of Venezuelan migrants. Around half of the migrants live in four cantons (of 221). Their location is primarily driven by local economic conditions, rather than point of entry. Overall, the regions with the largest inflows of Venezuelans have not seen any effects on labour market participation or employment, compared with regions with fewer inflows. However, our difference-in-difference estimates clearly indicate that young, low-educated Ecuadoran workers in high-inflow regions have been adversely affected. Specifically, the estimates show that these workers have experienced reductions in employment quality, a 5 percentage-point increase in the rate of informality, and a 13 percentage-point reduction in earnings, relative to workers with similar characteristics living in areas with very low or non-existent inflows of Venezuelans.

Beyond Experience and Capital.  Is there a Return to Return Migration?
Sami Bensassi    Liza Jabbour

Abstract：This paper explores the effect of return migration on the performance of Egyptian household firms. A growing body of evidence suggests that return migrants are more likely to become and remain entrepreneurs. The length of the migration spell and the experience and capital accumulated overseas may influence the ability of return migrants to establish and successfully manage their firms. We expand this literature by examining the impact of return migrants on the net earnings of the business units they manage. Our findings suggest that migration alone is not sufficient to enhance the performance of entrepreneurial activities. However, industry-specific human capital accumulated abroad has a significant impact on net earnings.

Women’s Inheritance Rights and Child Health Outcomes in India
Joseph B. Ajefu    Nadia Singh    Shayequazeenat Ali    Uchenna Efobi

Abstract：Does a legal change in women’s inheritance rights have long-term effects on child health outcomes? This paper examines the effect of an improvement in women’s inheritance rights on child nutritional health outcomes in India using a difference-in-differences estimation approach. We use the staggered implementation of the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 to investigate the impact of the reform on anthropometric indictors of child health: being underweight, stunted, and wasted. The findings of this study reveal that an improvement in women’s inheritance rights has a positive impact on children’s health and reduces the probability of nutritional deficiency in the child. We identify mechanisms such as increased educational levels, better marital outcomes, and improved intrahousehold bargaining power of women as potential pathways through which inheritance rights affect child nutritional health outcomes. The results of the paper lend credence to growing evidence that legal recognition of women’s inheritance rights can have sustained and second-generation effects, in spite of poor enforcement mechanisms and persistence of deep-rooted societal bias against women holding property.

Re-visiting the Conditional Cash Transfer in India through the Partial Identification Approach
Toshiaki Aizawa

Abstract：This study re-estimates the causal impacts of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in India, namely the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme, on maternal and child healthcare use. The main goal is to provide new evidence and to assess the validity of the identification assumptions employed in previous studies on JSY. We achieve this by implementing a conservative partial identification approach. We find that the average treatment effects estimated under the conditional independence assumption are below the lower bound of the treatment effect estimated under weaker but more credible assumptions for institutional delivery, skilled birth attendance and postnatal care use. For antenatal care use and intakes of iron and folic acid supplements, and uptakes of tetanus toxoid injections, the average treatment effects under the conditional independence assumption are above the upper bound. These findings suggest that selection bias could not have been fully controlled for by the observable characteristics.

Servicification of Manufacturing in Global Value Chains: Upgrading of Local Suppliers of Embedded Services in the South African Market for Wind Turbines
Ulrich Elmer Hansen    Ivan Nygaard    Mike Morris    Glen Robbins

Abstract：While services are an essential element in the global production, trade and consumption of manufactured goods, limited research has been conducted on the role of services in studies of global value chains (GVCs). Recently, however, an emerging literature on the ‘servicification’ of manufacturing in GVCs has evolved, most of which involves aggregate-level analyses of countries and sectors based on trade statistics. Previous studies have thus failed to explore whether and how local firms in developing countries may capture value and upgrade through their insertion into GVCs as service suppliers. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by analysing the development of an industry supplying wind-turbine services in South Africa. We draw on in-depth fieldwork, including fifty-two interviews and five case studies of firms operating as suppliers of various types of ‘embedded’ services to wind-power projects constructed in South Africa. We show the significant economic value in terms of the employment thereby created and the upgrading pathways of five local service-suppliers in knowledge-intensive and high value-added service activities. Our findings point to the benefit of devoting attention to the role of services in relation to upgrading in GVCs.

The Impact of Academic Freedom on Democracy in Africa
Hajer Kratou    Liisa Laakso

Abstract：Shared experiences but diversified developments make Africa an interesting region in which to investigate the impact of education on democracy, and the role of academic freedom in this impact. As building expertise takes time, we focus on the causality between past experience of academic freedom and electoral democracy. Our theory is that independent experts advocating free and fair elections are acclaimed, which makes rigging elections a costly strategy for rulers. Using the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) index of Academic Freedom, and the Generalized method of moments (GMM) technique to estimate a dynamic panel model, we find a positive impact of preceding academic freedom on the quality of elections after the Post-Cold war democratic transitions. The result is robust when we check reverse causality and country-specific effects such as the initial level of democracy or dependence on oil exportation. The analysis is robust to indicators measuring democracy by accountability of the executive and Polity2 and Freedom House Indices as alternatives to V-Dem measures of democracy. We discuss the observed heterogeneity of countries showing a counterintuitive relationship. The study highlights the significance of scholars as a channel through which education supports democracy.

How Social Assistance Affects Subjective Wellbeing: Lessons from Kyrgyzstan
Franziska Gassmann    Bruno Martorano    Jennifer Waidler

Abstract：This paper investigates the effects of social assistance on subjective well-being looking at the case of Kyrgyzstan. For this purpose, we exploit recent changes in the design of social assistance and apply a difference in difference (DiD) method combined with an inverse probability weighting (IPW) technique. In contrast to the existing literature, we find that in the short-term, the receipt of social assistance benefits is associated with lower levels of subjective well-being. Our findings also reveal that participation in social assistance leads to some reduction in satisfaction regarding recipients’ own economic conditions. Moreover, we find that the negative effects on subjective well-being disappear for the oldest generations, which experienced the dissolution of the Soviet Union. By contrast, the effect is negative for the youth, who grew up in a new society where needing help is ultimately the responsibility of the individual citizen. For individuals with high trust in political institutions, the negative effect of state intervention does not hold, while it persists in case of low trust in political institutions.

Mode of Globalization and Manufacturing Firm Closure in Cameroon
Ousmanou Njikam

Abstract：This paper investigates the role of three modes of globalisation – exporting, importing intermediate inputs and foreign ownership – on firm closure. No work has been done examining the complementarity/substitutability of these three globalisation modes on firm closure in a least-developed country. We use firm-level data from Cameroon and find that exporting and importing are beneficial, exports are more important in affecting firm survival than imports and foreign-owned firms tend to have shorter lives. The results highlight the importance of taking complementarity/substitutability of globalisation modes into account when analysing firms’ exit probabilities, while exporting and importing are substitutes in their effects on firm failure.

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