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《Rural Sociology》2022年第87卷第2期目录及摘要
全文链接：
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15490831/2022/87/2
Articles
Digitalization and Social Innovation in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Indonesia
Fikri Zul Fahmi, Anandhika Arifianto
Exploring Distressed Cashew-Nut Farmland Rentals Among Ethnic Groups in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam
Toai Nguyen, Susan Lawler, Warren Paul
Hydropower, Social Capital, Community Impacts, and Self-Rated Health in the Amazon
Adam Mayer, Maria Claudia Lopez, Igor Cavallini Johansen, Emilio Moran
The Gendered Spaces and Experiences of Female Faculty in Colleges of Agriculture
Jera E. Niewoehner-Green, Mary T. Rodriguez, Summer R. McLain
Class and Vulnerability to Debt in Rural India: A Statistical Overview
Sandeep Kandikuppa
The Cows May Safely Graze: Placing Expert-Lay Relationships at the Center of Overcoming the Expert-Lay Knowledge Divide
Jill Eileen Richardson
The Changing Landscape of Affordable Housing in the Rural and Urban United States, 1990–2016
Matthew M. Brooks
Bonding Social Capital of Rural Women in Southwest Iran: Application of Social Network Analysis
Mehdi Ghorbani, Seyed Akbar Javadi, Sare Rasekhi, Maryam Yazdanparast, Hossein Azadi
Modernization, Political Economy, and Limits to Blue Growth: A Cross-National, Panel Regression Study (1975–2016)
Timothy P. Clark PhD
Preferences for Economic and Environmental Goals in Rural Community Development in the Western United States
Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad, Paul M. Jakus, Malieka Bordigioni, Don E. Albrecht
Book Reviews
Naked Agency: Genital Cursing and Biopolitics in Africa
Supriya Joshi
Village England: A Social History of the Countryside
Digitalization and Social Innovation in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Indonesia
Fikri Zul Fahmi Anandhika Arifianto
Abstract：This paper aims to identify how rural digitalization influences social innovation in the context of the Global South. Using qualitative research methods, we examine two cases of digitalization in rural areas in Indonesia, which represent differing types of digital technologies and economic activities. Our findings show that the use of digital technologies in livelihood strategies stimulates new social and institutional practices in rural areas. As digital technologies that are adopted differ in both cases, the complexity of adoption and the digital literacy and skills required also vary. Such a complexity generates challenges and hardships for the community, but at the same time, it provides room for expedited learning and urges them to fight the challenges collectively. This nurtures reflexivity between agents and stimulates the legitimation of new practices regarding the adoption of digital technologies and their ability to solve social problems. Cultural values clearly play an essential role in this process. Openness and courage to change facilitate agents to build legitimacy, whereas strong cultural values tend to maintain existing practices in a community.
Exploring Distressed Cashew-Nut Farmland Rentals Among Ethnic Groups in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam
Toai Nguyen Susan Lawler Warren Paul
Abstract：Remote communities alleviate economic hardship by renting their crops to others, and these transactions are often informal and exploitative. Because farmland is an important income source for rural areas, understanding the participation in distress rentals of cashew nut farms is critical for sustainable development. Previous studies have highlighted relationships between socioeconomic factors and participation in land rentals but have failed to examine distress rentals under ethnic contexts. In this study, we interviewed 121 villagers to examine socioeconomic determinants of the participation in distress rentals of farmers with regard to their indigenous culture in two communes in Binh Phuoc province. We found that ethnic identity, land-ownership, informal training in agriculture, family size, and proximity to markets are statistically significant in explaining the likelihood to participate in distress rentals. Based on these findings, we make several recommendations for how local governments can create better policies to ensure social justice.
Hydropower, Social Capital, Community Impacts, and Self-Rated Health in the Amazon
Adam Mayer Maria Claudia Lopez Igor Cavallini Johansen Emilio Moran
Abstract：Nations in the global South have developed hydropower projects at a rapid pace in recent decades, most notably Brazil and China. These projects have long-documented impacts on social and ecological systems, yet the implications of hydropower for human well-being and health are not fully understood. In this paper, we examine eight Brazilian Amazon communities in the Madeira river basin, near the Jirau and Santo Antônio dams (sample size: 536 households). We evaluate how impacts on community resources, social capital, and the experience of resettlement influence self-rated health in these communities. Results suggest that the dams strained community resources and social capital, which were associated with reductions in self-rated health. In particular, cognitive social capital (i.e., trust) is lower after the dams' construction. The effect of resettlement and compensation is more nuanced and qualified. This work suggests that hydropower projects have broad deleterious impacts on well-being and health of human populations in hosting regions and that better directed efforts are required on the part of dam developers to reduce these negative outcomes.
Jera E. Niewoehner-Green Mary T. Rodriguez Summer R. McLain
Abstract：The “leaky pipeline” metaphor has been used to describe the dearth of women in science, technology, and leadership roles. For colleges of agriculture within land grant universities (LGUs), college leadership and tenured faculty in agricultural science disciplines have historically been disproportionately male, even though women earn nearly an equal number of doctorates. Conscious gender discrimination may account for some of these disparities; however, this is not the only cause of this imbalance. Gendered constructions of the division of labor and allocation of power within organizational cultures are also important to consider when addressing gender inequalities. Using a qualitative feminist methodology, we explored the intersection of identity, social roles, and gendered organizational cultures in colleges of agriculture and life sciences for female faculty. Findings reflect how gender norms have shifted through time as more female faculty join academic units yet, subtle bias and the institutional culture of large LGUs still influence behavioral expectations and perceived gender roles. However, the power of academic leaders to support equality indicates a type of local level influence that can push against the structural constraints of the institution. We also discuss specific recommendations for academic departments and leaders of colleges of agriculture and life sciences.
Class and Vulnerability to Debt in Rural India: A Statistical Overview
Sandeep Kandikuppa
Abstract：Rural indebtedness is a major development challenge confronting India. In 2018, scores of farmers protested rising household debt, and the popular coverage of the time asserted that farmers were under crushing debt. Combining data from the All-India Debt and Investment Survey with other sources and using a class analysis, I interrogate this “crushing debt” narrative. Rural households, depending on the socioeconomic and contextual vulnerabilities that they experience, are indebted in different ways. The rural elite borrow more loans and have higher loan amounts, while asset-poor households are more dependent on informal credit sources and also pay higher rates of interest. Households from the wage worker class are more likely to be over-indebted relative to others. I further find that petty commodity producers bear less debt burden and are less likely to be over-indebted relative to other classes. These findings underscore the fact that rural indebtedness is a nuanced problem that manifests in a multitude of ways across India.
The Cows May Safely Graze: Placing Expert-Lay Relationships at the Center of Overcoming the Expert-Lay Knowledge Divide
Jill Eileen Richardson
Abstract：Many scholars agree that both expert and lay knowledge are needed to gain a fuller understanding of environmental problems, both to find answers to the problems and to improve relations between experts and laypeople. When experts ignore lay knowledge, laypeople can resist by accusing experts of arrogance or conspiracy. Rural people who live among large carnivores like wolves and grizzly bears sometimes distrust expert knowledge or even promulgate conspiracy theories. One's knowledge is inextricably linked with one's identity and social relationships. In this ethnographic study, I examine how a Montana-based non-profit, Blackfoot Challenge (BC), facilitates the exchange of knowledge between experts and laypeople for carnivore management. Nurturing expert-lay relationships is one strategy that BC uses in concert with two others to bridge the expert-lay knowledge divide: facilitating learning experiences and relying on intermediaries. Knowledge exchanged within expert relationships allows experts to better understand the needs of laypeople and adapt their work to meet those needs while also disseminating expert knowledge to laypeople in a way that earns their trust. The trust built within expert-lay relationships facilitates the exchange of knowledge, but the way experts and laypeople exchange knowledge also builds trust.
The Changing Landscape of Affordable Housing in the Rural and Urban United States, 1990–2016
Matthew M. Brooks
Abstract：Affordable housing has declined in recent decades, yet limited research has examined the demographic and economic changes influencing place-level affordability—especially outside of large metros. In this study I examine the effects of county-level population growth and decline, population aging, and natural amenity development on rates of affordable housing, income, and housing costs across four types of counties. While declines in affordability from 1990 to 2016 were universal between rural and urban counties, population growth is associated with decreases in affordability in rural counties but increased affordability in large metros counties due to estimated decreases in housing costs. Population aging is estimated to improve affordability in large and small metro counties, despite the associated decrease in income and housing costs across all county types. The effects of aging vary greatly between owners and renters. Natural amenity development, despite its theoretical importance, is not associated with changes in affordability for rural counties.
Bonding Social Capital of Rural Women in Southwest Iran: Application of Social Network Analysis
Mehdi Ghorbani Seyed Akbar Javadi Sare Rasekhi Maryam Yazdanparast Hossein Azadi
Abstract：The establishment of local communal organizations is a unique strategy of rural communities to build resilience against economic challenges. Shirvareh is traditionally recognized as an important communal organization of women in Southwestern Iran for managing dairy production and securing their livelihood. Preserving this vital social institution and its associated indigenous knowledge was the main motivation of this study to examine factors influencing Shirvareh’s performance. Given that relevant studies on the performance of this social organization in Iran are rare, the current study was an attempt to fill this gap through an empirical study using a social network analysis (SNA) approach. The general goal of this study was to investigate the networks of trusting relationships of rural women involved in the Shirvareh organization in Ghasr-e-Yaghoub village located in Fars province, Southwestern Iran. The results revealed that possible in-group trust ties were maximum whereas out-group trust ties were moderate to high, meaning that bonding social capital at individual, sub-group, and network level are generally high. High in-group and out-group ties enable community members to cope with disturbances, initiate social innovation, and act collectively, which in this case, assures the sustainability of their efficient traditional organization and protects them against poverty.
Modernization, Political Economy, and Limits to Blue Growth: A Cross-National, Panel Regression Study (1975–2016)
Timothy P. Clark PhD
Abstract：Seafood production and trade have expanded dramatically over the last 40 years and comprise one of the fastest growing, and most environmentally impactful, sub-sectors of the global food system. While richer nations have increased their seafood consumption and displaced their environmental load, the marine environmental impact of fishery production has largely shifted to the waters of less-affluent nations. To sustain fishing economies and seafood security, in an era of increasing marine ecological precarity constitutes a major challenge for development and human well-being in the 21st century. Blue growth perspectives emphasize the transformative power of growth-oriented development. Such perspectives conflict with critical political economic theories of environment and food systems; notably, the treadmill of production and world food system scholarship. Using annual data from the Global Footprint Network, World Bank, UN FAO, and International Monetary Fund, this study applies methods in cross-national, panel regression analysis in order to ultimately pose some important challenges to modernist blue growth perspectives. The analysis suggests that economic growth and incorporation into the world market economy have led to unsustainable and inequitable outcomes regarding the marine ecological impact of fisheries.
Preferences for Economic and Environmental Goals in Rural Community Development in the Western United States
Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad Paul M. Jakus Malieka Bordigioni Don E. Albrecht
Abstract：Rural residents in the United States do not always agree on local development priorities, yet understanding and accounting for their preferences is a step towards more effective and equitable community development. We use survey data spanning different types of rural Intermountain West communities to gauge residents' preference weights for economic and environmental rural development goals. Given that community tenure and age are often related to development preferences, respondents are divided into three groups based on these factors using a classification tree approach. Long-term residents (>36 percent of life spent in the community) have the strongest economic preferences, while older newcomers have the strongest environmental preferences. The Leti heterogeneity index reveals that long-term residents also displayed the greatest homogeneity of preferences. Ordered probit analysis shows that goal preferences are also related to sex, education, household income, community financial security, and the share of county income derived from wealth assets. These findings provide a more nuanced and methods-based understanding of residential tenure in a community and its relationship to development attitudes across a variety of rural place types, all valuable information for rural community and economic development practitioners.
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