AJARE《澳大利亚农业与资源经济学》2022年第66卷第3期目录及摘要

全文链接：

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14678489/2022/66/3

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

How (un)informative are experiments with students for other social groups? A study of agricultural students and farmers

Sven Grüner, Mira Lehberger, Norbert Hirschauer, Oliver Mußhoff

Consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for improved environmental standards: insights from cane sugar in the Great Barrier Reef region

Jeremy De Valck, John Rolfe, Darshana Rajapaksa, Megan Star

Price recovery after the flood: risk to residential property values from climate change-related flooding

Quyen Nguyen, Paul Thorsnes, Ivan Diaz-Rainey, Antoni Moore, Simon Cox, Leon Stirk-Wang

Is small beautiful? An empirical analysis of land characteristics and rural household income in Vietnam

Phuc Van Phan, Martin O'Brien

Growing more Rice with less water: the System of Rice Intensification and water productivity in Vietnam

Lan Anh Tong, Mehmet Ali Ulubaşoğlu, Cahit Guven

Does functional diversity in interfirm collaborations lead to innovation diversity? Firm-level evidence from the Australian food industry

Muhammad Masood Azeem, Syed Fazal-e-Hasan, Leopoldo Gutiérrez, Derek Baker

Liberalising the EU sugar market: what are the effects on third countries?

Marlen Haß

Did tradable quota rights really affect fleet size? The case of the Gulf of Mexico reef-fish fishery

Sami Dakhlia, Akbar Marvasti

Spatial diffusion of efficient irrigation systems: a study of São Paulo, Brazil

Daniel Morales Martínez, Alexandre Gori Maia, Junior Ruiz Garcia

NOTES

Models and muddles: comment on ‘Calibration of agricultural risk programming models using positive mathematical programming’

Athanasios Petsakos, Stelios Rozakis

Calibration of agricultural risk programming models using positive mathematical programming: a reply

Xuan Liu

BOOK REVIEW

Handbook of Cumulative Impact Assessment

Lian Sinclair, Marit Kragt

How (un)informative are experiments with students for other social groups? A study of agricultural students and farmers

Sven Grüner    Mira Lehberger    Norbert Hirschauer    Oliver Mußhoff

Abstract：Experiments are often used to study individual decision-making under controlled circumstances. Due to their low opportunity costs and high availability, university students are frequently recruited as the study population. Even though they are rather untypical with regard to many characteristics (e.g. age and income) compared to the representatives of the social group of interest, the experimental behaviours of students are sometimes prematurely generalised to other social groups or even to humans in general. Given the widespread challenges in the agricultural and environmental sector, it is particularly interesting to address farmers' decision-making. We analyse whether agricultural students can be used to approximate the behaviour of farmers in simple economic experiments, which are often used to measure risk aversion, impatience, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, altruism and trust. Moreover, we consider the role of systematically varied monetary incentives. We find no differences between agricultural students and farmers in their risk aversion; farmers' positive reciprocity and trust are positively associated with the incentive level, which cannot be observed with agricultural students. Findings regarding altruism in the two populations are mixed and challenge the finding of earlier studies of students being less pro-social. Agricultural students are a lower boundary of impatience and negative reciprocity. These heterogeneous results suggest that scientific inference from agricultural students to farmers should be made cautiously. However, we do not deal with a representative sample of our target population (e.g. gender). Replication studies are required to evaluate the generalisability of our findings.

Consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for improved environmental standards: insights from cane sugar in the Great Barrier Reef region

Jeremy De Valck    John Rolfe    Darshana Rajapaksa    Megan Star

Abstract：Reducing nutrient runoff from sugarcane production into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) has become a major policy focus for the Queensland and Australian Governments. This study explores consumer willingness to pay (WTP) to achieve higher environmental standards for sugar originating from the GBR catchments, through the use of a GBR-safe ecolabel. A Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) and a Contingent Valuation (CV) experiment are conducted on a random sample of 1,100 Australian residents. The BWS experiment reveals that personal health considerations are more important than sustainability and environmental factors, including impacts on the GBR. Results of the CV experiment show that respondents are more likely to pay a premium to support Reef-friendly sugar if they are living in urban areas, plan to visit the GBR in the future, think that the GBR condition has declined, and are generally concerned about keeping a healthy diet. We estimate that the average WTP is $24.5/year/household, which only represents 0.34 per cent of the average weekly grocery bill of Australian households. This small contribution through increased sugar prices could conservatively raise $46.9M/year in support of sugar producers to improve water quality in the GBR. Based on these results, we recommend policy-makers consider instruments that further involve sugar consumers.

Price recovery after the flood: risk to residential property values from climate change-related flooding

Quyen Nguyen    Paul Thorsnes    Ivan Diaz-Rainey    Antoni Moore    Simon Cox    Leon Stirk-Wang

Abstract：We take advantage of a combination of a severe weather event from 3 to 4 June 2015 and a local policy, to investigate the housing market response to climate change-related flooding hazard. The study focuses on a residential area in a low-lying coastal suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand, where the groundwater level is shallow and close to sea level. An unusually heavy rain event in June 2015 resulted in flooding of a significant portion of land in especially low-lying areas. The city council responded by reviewing processes for storm-water management and by imposing minimum-floor-level [MFL] requirements on new construction in the low-lying areas previously identified as at risk of flooding. Applying a ‘diff-in-diff-in-diff’ strategy in hedonic regression analyses, we find that houses in the MFL zone sell for a discount of about 5 per cent prior to the flood. This discount briefly tripled in the area that flooded, but disappeared within 15 months, indicating either very short memory among homebuyers or no long-run change in perception of hazard.

Is small beautiful? An empirical analysis of land characteristics and rural household income in Vietnam

Phuc Van Phan    Martin O'Brien

Abstract：Small and fragmented farmland parcels are widely believed to be major impediments to agricultural activities. In this study, instrumental variables models are constructed to estimate the influence of the farm size and the number of farmland plots on household welfare proxied by income and the asset index in Vietnam. The study exploits the panel data of households collected from the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) every second year in the period 2008–2014, capturing cultural, political and socioeconomic dimensions of rural Vietnam. A positive relationship was found between farm size and household economic welfare proxied by household per capita income and a household asset index; however, this relationship was negative for the number of land plots. The main conclusion from our analysis is that household welfare would be aided by land policies towards increasing the size of farmland and decreasing land fragmentation. However, our findings also indicate that to be effective, these land policies should be complemented by rural education, effective community development and encouragement of non-farm employment activities.

Growing more Rice with less water: the System of Rice Intensification and water productivity in Vietnam

Lan Anh Tong    Mehmet Ali Ulubaşoğlu    Cahit Guven

Abstract：We study the effects of a large-scale System of Rice Intensification (SRI) program on the water productivity of rice in Vietnam by exploiting provincial and time variations in SRI uptake and irrigation water supply over the period 2000–2012. Our findings document that the world's second-largest rice exporter could produce 4 million tonnes more rice with the same water supply in the reasonably achievable case of 20 per cent SRI uptake across its provinces. In addition, we find that SRI also increases the output of other crops, due at least partly to its possible water savings and soil nutrition preservation in rice production. Moreover, we show that SRI is more likely to be adopted in provinces with a stronger quality of provincial institutions and a weaker agricultural capital base. Numerous selectivity and randomisation tests affirm that the water productivity effect of SRI is robust to selection in SRI uptake at the province and district levels and addressing potential unobservable and omitted variable problems.

Does functional diversity in interfirm collaborations lead to innovation diversity? Firm-level evidence from the Australian food industry

Muhammad Masood Azeem    Syed Fazal-e-Hasan    Leopoldo Gutiérrez    Derek Baker

Abstract：Research on the collaboration–innovation nexus emphasises that collaborations and innovation are multidimensional. Despite this emphasis, there is limited evidence on how firms' collaborative diversity affects their innovation diversity. This paper addresses this gap by examining the relationships between (i) a firm's functional diversity of collaboration (FDC) and innovation diversity, and (ii) innovation diversity and firm growth. We used longitudinal data from 738 Australian food firms, and our findings suggest that the positive relationship between FDC and innovation diversity reaches a point of saturation, beyond which additional collaboration negatively influences firms' innovation diversity. Moreover, innovation diversity depends on the motives behind alliance formation and the firm's focus on innovation. Finally, the association between innovation diversity and growth performance is heterogeneous across firms' conditional growth rate distribution.

Liberalising the EU sugar market: what are the effects on third countries?

Marlen Haß

Abstract：This paper examines the consequences of a liberalisation of the EU sugar policy on Australia and other third countries. Four scenarios are simulated showing the trade and production effects of a gradual phasing-out of EU domestic support measures and EU import tariffs using two partial equilibrium models linked to each other. Compared with previous work, tariff rate quotas are represented in great detail, going beyond the classical single-origin, single-destination approach. Furthermore, supply functions of EU sugar processors are calibrated based on empirical data on production costs to overcome the problem of non-observed production costs due to the existence quota rents. Results suggest that, in particular, sugar production in Balkan countries is adversely affected by a liberalisation of the EU sugar regime. Moreover, the simulation shows that preferential LDC-ACP exporters, among them Fiji and Papua New Guinea, are displaced from the EU market leading to a decline in production. An elimination of EU import tariffs benefits in particular the Ukraine and the world's largest sugar producers, such as Australia, all with currently only limited preferential market access to the EU. During periods of low global sugar prices, these countries even increase sugar production, if the EU sugar market is completely liberalised.

Did tradable quota rights really affect fleet size? The case of the Gulf of Mexico reef-fish fishery

Sami Dakhlia    Akbar Marvasti

Abstract：An explicit policy objective of the tradable individual fishing quota programs introduced for various reef-fish species in the Gulf of Mexico in 2007 and 2010 was to restore cost-effectiveness by reducing the fishery's significant excess capacity. To gauge the success of this policy shift from a common-pool to a catch shares system, we construct a simple model of vessel participation that takes into account the regulatory systems as well as environmental and economic variables. Calibrating our model with historical data from 1990 to 2020, we show how changes in the total allowable catch, biomass, dockside prices, and the regulatory system can explain the observed contraction of the fleet size. We find that only about half of the initial contraction was due to the switch from a common-pool to a tradable quota system, the remainder being driven by the simultaneously occurring biomass recovery on the one hand and a participation-inflating contest for catch shares prior to the regime change on the other.

Spatial diffusion of efficient irrigation systems: a study of São Paulo, Brazil

Daniel Morales Martínez    Alexandre Gori Maia    Junior Ruiz Garcia

Abstract：Finding ways to stimulate the diffusion of water-saving irrigation systems is essential to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on water supply. We analyse the spatial diffusion of more efficient irrigation strategies in São Paulo, Brazil, comparing the two most common irrigation technologies: conventional sprinkler irrigation and the localised irrigation. We use longitudinal municipal-level information for 2006 and 2017 and test different spatial panel models' specifications, representing different hypotheses about technological transfer channels. Our results highlight how the diffusion of water-saving irrigation systems (localised irrigation) in one municipality is strongly influenced by the diffusion in neighbouring municipalities. Membership in cooperatives or farmers' associations plays a significant role in this technological transfer. On the other hand, the diffusion of less efficient systems (sprinkler irrigation) depends fundamentally on the local availability of water and unobservable factors in the neighbourhood. The discussion highlights how easing knowledge transmission may contribute to the diffusion of more sustainable agriculture practices.

Models and muddles: comment on ‘Calibration of agricultural risk programming models using positive mathematical programming’

Athanasios Petsakos    Stelios Rozakis

Abstract：There is an emerging strand in the agricultural economics literature which examines the calibration of risk programming models using the principles of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP). In a recent contribution to this journal, Liu et al. (2020) compare three different PMP approaches and attempt to find the ‘most practical’ method for calibrating risk programming models to be used in policy analysis. In this article, we argue that the comparison design by Liu et al. (2020) is problematic, as it is based on inappropriate metrics and it ignores recent advancements in PMP. This word of caution intends to provide constructive criticism and aims at contributing to the use of risk programming models in policy analysis.

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编辑：代安澜

审核：龙文进