JEEM 2022年第115卷目录及摘要
全文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-environmental-economics-and-management/vol/115/suppl/C
Regular papers
Mortality during resource booms and busts
Andrew Boslett, Elaine Hill
Heat exposure and child nutrition: Evidence from West Africa
Sylvia Blom, Ariel Ortiz-Bobea, John Hoddinott
Measuring energy-saving technological change: International trends and differences
Emiko Inoue, Hiroya Taniguchi, Ken Yamada
Geography, Geology, and Regional Economic Development
Kevin Berry, Alexander James, Brock Smith, Brett Watson
CAFE in the city — A spatial analysis of fuel economy standards
Waldemar Marz, Frank Goetzke
Contrasting effects of electricity prices on retrofit and new-build installations of solar PV: Fukushima as a natural experiment
Takahiko Kiso, H. Ron Chan, Yosuke Arino
Uncertainty and additionality in energy efficiency programs
Ben Gilbert, Jacob LaRiviere, Kevin Novan
Price versus quantity measures to deal with pollution and congestion in urban areas: A political economy approach
Xavier Fageda, Ricardo Flores-Fillol, Bernd Theilen
Air pollution and political trust in local government: Evidence from China
Yao Yao, Xue Li, Russell Smyth, Lin Zhang
The impact of hurricanes and floods on domestic migration
Tamara L. Sheldon, Crystal Zhan
Toxic test scores: The impact of chemical releases on standardized test performance within U.S. schools
Irene Jacqz
Notes and short papers
Is there an energy efficiency gap in China? Evidence from an information experiment
Graham Beattie, Iza Ding, Andrea La Nauze
Air pollution from agricultural fires increases hypertension risk
Hemant K. Pullabhotla, Mateus Souza
Mortality during resource booms and busts
Andrew Boslett Elaine Hill
Abstract：Using national data on county-level mortality, coal mining, and shale development, we examine the effects of resource booms and busts on mortality in the United States. We find evidence that decreases in operating coal mines increased total all-cause mortality, non-drug mortality, and opioid overdose mortality, especially for counties with greater than 10 operating coal mines in 2000. Our model results for drug overdose mortality and opioid overdose mortality are sensitive to the panel's start year. For shale development, the shale boom is associated with increases in non-drug suicides but otherwise had little impact on mortality. Our findings suggest a potential role for job-training programs and the cultivation of local healthcare resources in regions suffering coal busts and suicide prevention in areas with shale development.
Heat exposure and child nutrition: Evidence from West Africa
Sylvia Blom Ariel Ortiz-Bobea John Hoddinott
Abstract：Extreme heat shocks are increasingly linked to poor economic and health outcomes. This paper constructs hour-degree bins of temperature exposure to assess the effects of extreme heat on early child nutrition, a health outcome correlated with educational attainment and income in adulthood. Linking 15 rounds of repeated cross-section data from five West African countries to geo-coded weather data, we find that extreme heat exposure increases the prevalence of both chronic and acute malnutrition. We find that a 2 °C rise in temperature will increase the prevalence of stunting by 7.4 percentage points, reversing the progress made on improving nutrition during our study period.
Measuring energy-saving technological change: International trends and differences
Emiko Inoue Hiroya Taniguchi Ken Yamada
Abstract：Technological change is essential to balance economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study documents energy-saving technological change to understand the trends and differences therein in OECD countries. We estimate sector-level production functions with factor-augmenting technologies using cross-country and cross-industry panel data and shift–share instruments, thereby measuring energy-saving technological change for each country and sector. Our results show how the levels and growth rates of energy-saving technology vary across countries, sectors, and time. In addition, we evaluate the extent to which factor-augmenting technologies contribute to economic growth and how this contribution differs across countries and sectors.
Geography, Geology, and Regional Economic Development
Kevin Berry Alexander James Brock Smith Brett Watson
Abstract：We examine how large and localized resource discoveries affect long-run population growth in the United States, and examine how these shocks interact with pre-existing geographic properties of the discovery site. Using a dynamic event study analysis and developing novel, geographically delineated measures of both amenity value and geographic isolation, we find that resource discoveries cause population to grow both in the short and long-run (e.g., fifty years). However, this effect is largely driven by discoveries in unfavorable locations that might struggle to grow in the absence of a resource discovery. More generally, this paper highlights the importance of considering heterogeneous effects of resource shocks and yields insights into the observed spatial distribution of people in the United States.
CAFE in the city — A spatial analysis of fuel economy standards
Waldemar Marz Frank Goetzke
Abstract：We identify and examine a new effect of fuel economy (CAFE) standards on welfare through a long-run spatial expansion of the urban form (“urban adjustment effect”) caused by lower per-mile driving costs and the distortion in the vehicle market due to CAFE standards. By integrating household-level vehicle choice and the automobile market into a calibrated monocentric city model, we find that, for a carbon emission decrease of 80 percent, the long-run urban adjustment effect adds a relevant monthly welfare cost of up to 20 Dollars to the medium-run welfare cost of CAFE compliance of 128 Dollars per month (+15 percent). This welfare cost can be alleviated by about one third through the combination of CAFE with urban growth boundaries. For fuel taxes, on the other hand, the urban adjustment effect causes a welfare gain of a similar magnitude.
Contrasting effects of electricity prices on retrofit and new-build installations of solar PV: Fukushima as a natural experiment
Takahiko Kiso H. Ron Chan Yosuke Arino
Abstract：This study examines the effects of financial incentives, particularly electricity prices, on residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations. We highlight the importance of a factor in the adoption of low-carbon building technologies that the literature has largely overlooked: the distinction between retrofit and new-build installations. To address the endogeneity of electricity prices, we use the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident and the subsequent shutdown of nuclear power plants in Japan as a natural experiment that caused substantial, exogenous, and regionally varying increases in electricity generation costs and prices. Electricity prices have a statistically significant, positive effect on PV system installations for existing homes (with a mean elasticity of 1.6), but a statistically insignificant, much smaller effect for new-build homes. A policy implication of these contrasting responses is that the cost-effectiveness of financial incentive schemes for low-carbon building technologies can be improved if they are targeted more at retrofits. We also find a large downward bias (40%–60%) in the estimated effect of electricity prices if they are not instrumented with exogenous cost-shifters.
Uncertainty and additionality in energy efficiency programs
Ben Gilbert Jacob LaRiviere Kevin Novan
Abstract：Residential energy efficiency subsidy programs often suffer from poor additionality. Using a large household-level dataset of energy efficiency subsidy program participation, we find that households are significantly more likely to participate when first moving into an existing home — when uncertainty about energy consumption and savings is greatest. We also find that the influence of bills and dwelling characteristics on participation declines the longer a household has lived in a dwelling. These findings suggest that there is uncertainty about the household-specific benefits of an upgrade that resolves over time. We show that when this is the case, not only are a share of participating households inframarginal (i.e. “non-additional”), many of the “additional” participants may not be economically efficient.
Price versus quantity measures to deal with pollution and congestion in urban areas: A political economy approach
Xavier Fageda Ricardo Flores-Fillol Bernd Theilen
Abstract：Pollution and congestion in urban areas are serious externalities that can be mitigated through the adoption of either price- or quantity-based mechanisms. While price restrictions are occasionally applied, quantity constraints based on car vintage are becoming increasingly popular. Our model provides a comprehensive analysis that explains this prevalence of quantity over price schemes. We also elucidate some other stylized facts observed in urban areas applying traffic restrictions, such as the implementation of hybrid price-and-quantity systems, the use of trial periods, the commitment to invest in public transit to enhance the acceptability of urban tolls, and the concentration of quantity restrictions in high-income cities.
Air pollution and political trust in local government: Evidence from China
Yao Yao Xue Li Russell Smyth Lin Zhang
Abstract：While it is well-established that air pollution damages health and inhibits productivity, the political cost of air pollution remains poorly understood. We estimate the causal effect of air pollution on political trust in local government in China, which underpins the stability of the authoritarian state. Combining a nationally representative longitudinal survey with satellite derived PM2.5 concentrations, we find that a one μg/m³ exogenous increase in PM2.5 concentrations, due to atmospheric thermal inversion, reduces trust in local government by 4.1 per cent of one standard deviation. This implies that if China were to reduce PM2.5 emissions to the annual standard of 35 μg/m³ mandated by the Chinese government, this would boost trust in local government by 21.2 per cent evaluated at the mean. We examine the underlying transmission channels and find that prolonged exposure to PM2.5 lowers citizens’ life satisfaction and evaluation of local government performance, induces adverse health effects, imposes additional financial burden and, albeit to a lesser extent, reduces household income.
The impact of hurricanes and floods on domestic migration
Tamara L. Sheldon Crystal Zhan
Abstract：Migration is a possible adaptation to climate change. We employ FEMA disaster declaration data and American Community Survey data to study household post-disaster migration choices. We find that natural disasters increase households’ propensity to migrate both out of their county but within their greater metropolitan area, as well as out of their greater metropolitan area, by up to one percentage point. However, low-income households are especially less likely to move following disasters associated with less FEMA aid. We also find that disaster-affected migrants favor safer destinations. While migrating households appear to factor disaster risk reduction into relocation decisions, the results imply the need for incentivizing and aiding migration for vulnerable populations who are less likely to do so on their own.
Toxic test scores: The impact of chemical releases on standardized test performance within U.S. schools
Irene Jacqz
Abstract：This paper estimates the effects of exposure to toxic chemicals, and individual airborne metals in particular, in early childhood on school-level standardized test performance a decade later. The analysis links the cohort-level proficiency of primary school students born in the United States in the early 2000s to Toxics Release Inventory exposure, exploiting variation in the timing and magnitude of toxicity risk within public school catchment areas to estimate the impact of early exposure on educational outcomes. Estimates of airborne toxicity, which account for composition, may better correspond to human health risks from air pollution than total fine particulates. One standard deviation higher aggregate airborne toxicity in the catchment area during the year in which most students were born causes cohorts to perform 0.016 standard deviations worse on statewide tests. Finally, airborne chromium is identified as a driver of this effect: a ten percent change in ambient chromium concentrations during the first year of life causes a decrease in standardized test proficiency of 0.01 standard deviations.
Is there an energy efficiency gap in China? Evidence from an information experiment
Graham Beattie Iza Ding Andrea La Nauze
Abstract：We use an incentivized field experiment to test whether Chinese consumers underinvest in energy efficiency. We document that providing information to Chinese consumers on the energy costs of lightbulbs significantly increases their willingness to pay for energy-efficient bulbs, even among those who previously overestimated the savings from energy efficiency. Our results indicate that Chinese consumers are imperfectly informed, but that neither biased beliefs nor salience can explain their underinvestment in energy efficiency. Rather, we contend that consumers underinvest in energy efficiency because they are uncertain about the savings from energy efficient products.
Air pollution from agricultural fires increases hypertension risk
Hemant K. Pullabhotla Mateus Souza
Abstract：In many parts of the developing world, farmers widely use deliberate fires to burn vegetation and clear land to plant crops. These agricultural fires, however, are known to be associated with health costs due to increased air pollution. We contribute to underpinning the associated health cost estimates by studying the effects of these fires on hypertension risk. Despite being one of the leading causes of mortality globally, there is little direct evidence on how hypertension risk changes with exposure to pollution from agricultural fires. To overcome common data and empirical challenges in this setting, we match blood pressure readings from nearly 784,000 individuals across India with satellite data on 1.2 million agricultural fires, wind direction realizations, and local ambient air pollution. We find that the incidence of hypertension increases by 1.8% for each standard deviation increase in the number of upwind fires observed one day before the blood pressure readings. We find that the impact is stronger among older males, smokers, individuals that were already on blood pressure medication, and individuals belonging to socially marginalized groups. Our estimates suggest that agricultural fires in India lead to hypertension-related additional mortality, associated with USD 9 billion annually in costs.
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编辑：代安澜
审核：龙文进