B1U8课文及语言点
Computers are popular these days and theyare playing an important role in our work and life. But do men and women havethe same attitude towards the use of computers? Read the following text and seewhat the author has to say about how men and women differ in their use of computer technology.
Gender Gap in Cyberspace
Deborah Tannen
1 I was a computer pioneer, but I’m still something of a novice. That paradox is telling.
2 I was the second person on my block to get a computer.The first was my colleague Ralph. It was 1980. Ralph got a Radio Shack TRS-80;I got a used Apple II+. He helped me get started and went on to become a maven,reading computer magazines, hungering for the new technology he read about, and buying and mastering it as quickly as he could afford. I hung on to oldequipment far too long because I dislike giving up what I’m used to, fear making the wrong decision about what to buy and resent the time it takes to install and learn a new system.
3 My first Apple came with video games: I gave them away. Playing games on the computer didn’tinterest me. If I had free time I’d spend it talking on the telephone tofriends.
4 Ralph got hooked.His wife was often annoyed by thehours he spent at his computer and the money he spent upgrading it. My marriage had no such strains — until I discovered e-mail. Then I got hooked. E-mail draws me the same way the phone does: it’s a souped-up conversation.
5 E-mail deepened my friendship with Ralph. Though his office was next to mine, we rarely had extended conversations because he is shy. Face to face he mumbled, so I could barely tell what he was speaking. But when we both got e-mail, Istarted receiving long, self-revealing messages; we poured our hearts out toeach other. A friend discovered that e-mail opened up that kind of communication with her father. He would never talk much on the phone (as her mother would), but they have become close since they both got on line.
6 Why, I wondered, would some men find it easier to open up on e-mail? It’s a combination of the technology (which they enjoy) and the obliqueness of the written word, just as many men will reveal feelings in dribsand drabs while riding in the car or doing something, which they’d never talk about sitting face to face. It’stoo intense, too bearing-down on them, and once you start you have to keep going. With a computer in between, it’s easier.
7 It was on e-mail, in fact,that I described to Ralph how boys in groups often struggle to get the upper handwhereas girls tend to maintain an appearance of cooperation. And he pointed out that this explained why boys are morelikely to be captivated by computers than girls are. Boys are typically motivatedby a social structure that says if you don’t dominate you will be dominated. Computers, by their nature, balk: you type a perfectlyappropriate command and it refuses to do what it should. Many boys and men are incited by this defiance: “I’m going towhip this into line and teach it who’s boss! I’ll get it to do what I say!” (and if they work hard enough, they always can). Girlsand women are more likely to respond, “This thing won’t cooperate. Get it away fromme!”
8 Although no onewants to think of herself as “typical”, my relationship to my computer is fairlytypical for a woman. Most women (with plenty of exceptions) aren’t excited by tinkering with the technology, grappling with the challenge of eliminating bugs orgetting the biggest and best computer. Thesedynamics appeal to many men’s interest in making sure they’re on the top sideof the inevitable who’s-up-who’s-down struggle that life is for them. E-mail appeals to my view of life as a contest for connectionsto others. When I seethat I have 15 messages I feel loved.
9 I once posted atechnical question on a computer network for linguists and was flooded with long replies, some pages long. I was staggered by the generosity and the expertise, but wondered where theseguys found the time — and why all the answers I got were from men.
10 Like coed classrooms and meetings, discussions on e-mail networks tend to be dominated bymale voices, unless they’re specifically women-only, like single-sex schools. On line, women don’t have to worry aboutgetting the floor (you just send a message when you feel like it), but,according to linguists Susan Herring and Laurel Sutton, who have studied this,they have the usual problems of having their messages ignored or attacked. The anonymity of public networks frees asmall number of men to send long, vituperative, sarcastic messages that many other men either can tolerate or actually enjoy, but turn most women off. The anonymity of networks leads to another sad part of the e-mail story: there are men who deluge women with questions about their appearance.
11 Most women want one thing from a computer — to work. This is significant counter evidence to the claim that men want to focus on information while women are interested inrapport. That claim I found was often true in casual conversation, in which there is no particular information to be conveyed. But with computers, it is often women who are more focused on information, because they don’t respond to the challenge of getting equipment to submit.
12 Once I had learned the basics, my interest in computers waned. I use it to write books(though I never mastered having it do bibliographies or tables of contents) and write checks (but not balance my checkbook). Much as I’d like to use it to do more, I begrudge the time it would take to learn.
13 Ralph’scomputer expertise costs him a lot of time. Chivalry requires that he rescue novices in need, and he is called upon by damsel novices far more often than knaves. More men would rather study the instruction booklet than ask directions, as it were, from another person. “When I do help men,” Ralph wrote (on e-mail, of course), “they want to be more involved. I once installeda hard drive for a guy, and he wanted to be there with me, wielding thescrewdriver and giving his own advice where he could.” Women, he finds, usuallyare not interested in what he’s doing; they just want him to get the computerto the point where they can do what they want.
14 Which prettymuch explains how I managed to be a pioneer without becoming an expert.
参考译文
网络空间的性别差异
德博拉·坦嫩
1 我很早就买了电脑，但仍然像个新手。这个自相矛盾的说法很能说明问题。
2 我是这座大楼里第二个拥有电脑的人。第一个是我的同事拉尔夫。那是在1980年，拉尔夫买了一台Radio Shack TRS-80电脑；我买了一台二手苹果II+电脑。他是我的电脑启蒙老师，后来成了电脑专家。他喜欢读电脑杂志，对杂志上的新技术如饥似渴，一有钱就购买新软件，并能精通使用。我却抱着这台老旧的设备不放，因为我不喜欢放弃已经用习惯了的东西，也害怕做错决定买错电脑，还讨厌花时间安装和学习新的系统。
3 我的第一台苹果电脑里安装了视频游戏；但我从没玩过。我对电脑游戏提不起兴趣。如果我有空闲时间，我宁愿和朋友们煲电话粥。
4 拉尔夫上瘾了。他在电脑上耗的时间太长，又花大笔钱来升级电脑，经常惹妻子生气。在我发现电子邮件之前，我的婚姻从未有过类似的紧张局面。但电子邮件让我上瘾了，它吸引着我，就像是升级版的电话聊天。
5 电子邮件加深了我和拉尔夫的友谊。虽然他的办公室就在我隔壁，但我们总聊不了几句，因为他很害羞。面对面交谈时，他说话含糊不清，我都听不清他在说什么。但有了电子邮件后，我开始收到他推心置腹的长篇邮件；我们彼此互诉衷肠。有个朋友发现电子邮件打开了她和父亲之间的交流之门。父亲不会在电话里说个没完（不像她母亲那样），但是父女在网上却亲密无间。
6 我想知道，为什么有些男人在电子邮件里更容易敞开心扉？这可以归结为技术的力量（他们对技术乐此不疲）和文字的委婉。正如很多男人在开车或者做事的时候会偶尔流露情感，但他们却不肯坐下来面对面地吐露心迹。对男人来说，这样气氛太紧张，压力过大，况且你一旦开始吐露就不能停止。而有一台电脑在中间，交流就轻松多了。
7 实际上，我就是通过电子邮件向拉尔夫描述了在群体竞争中男孩是如何力争上风，而女孩则往往保持合作的姿态。他指出，这种现象恰恰解释了为什么男孩比女孩更容易对电脑迷住。“不制人则制于人”的社会机制通常能激发男孩们的积极性。电脑生性不驯：你输入一句非常恰当的指令，它却拒绝执行。许多男孩和男人们被这种挑衅激怒：“我要好好调教调教它，让它知道谁说了算！我要让它俯首帖耳！”（要是他们足够努力，他们总能做到。）女孩和女人们则更可能会说：“这个东西不合作。把它拿走吧！”
8 虽然没人想把自己归入“典型性”的那一类，但对于一个女人来说，我和电脑之间的关系却颇具典型性。摆弄电脑技术、费尽心思地修补软件漏洞、或设法拥有一台最大最先进的电脑，大多数女性对此都不会感到兴奋（当然有很多例外）。然而，这些充满动力的东西却让许多男人产生兴趣，他们要确保在这场一决高下的竞争中占得上风；对他们来说，这就是生活。作为建立人脉关系的一种竞争手段，电子邮件对我的生活观具有感染力。如果我的邮箱收到15封邮件，我就有种被爱的感觉。
9 我曾经在一个语言学家网站上发帖咨询一个专业问题，回复像潮水般涌来，有些回复长达几页。他们的慷慨和专业知识让我惊愕，但我想不明白这些家伙怎么会有这么多时间，而且为什么所有的回复都是来自男人。
10 就如同男生女生一起上课的教室和男人女人一同参加的会议，电子邮件网络上的讨论往往被男性的声音主导，除非特别指明参加讨论的人必须是女性，就像在单性学校里那样。在网上，女性不必担心没有发言的机会（你想发言的时候就发一条信息）。但是，根据从事过这方面研究的语言学家苏珊· 赫林和劳蕾尔•萨顿的说法，女性发布的信息通常会遇到被忽略或遭受攻击的问题。鉴于公共网络空间的匿名性，有少数男人会发布一些冗长的、充斥着责骂和挖苦的帖子，其他男人对此或许能够容忍甚至欣赏，但却让大多数女人厌烦。网络的匿名性导致了电子邮件的另一种困扰：总有男人喋喋不休地询问女人的长相。
11 大部分女人只需要电脑做一件事——那就是工作。这对男人关注时事信息、女人乐于融洽交谈的观点是一个有力的反证。在没什么实际内容的闲谈中，情况确实如此。但是在电脑前，更关注时事信息的却是女人，因为她们并不热衷于驯服电脑。
12 一旦我掌握了基本操作，我对电脑的兴趣就减弱了。我用电脑来写书（虽然我一直不会用它来编排参考书目以及自动生成目录）和开支票（但我还没学会如何结算我的支票簿）。虽然我很想用它来做更多事，但我不愿意花时间去学习。
13 拉尔夫的电脑技能耗费了他大量的时间。骑士般的秉性需要他拯救新手于危难之际，亟待他帮忙的年轻女士远远多于大男人。大多数男人似乎宁愿自己研究说明书，也不会向另外一个男人虚心请教。“我在帮男人的时候，”拉尔夫写到（当然是在电子邮件里），“他们总是喜欢掺和。有一次我帮一个家伙安装硬盘驱动器，他总站在我旁边，手里挥着螺丝刀，一有机会就指点我。”他发现女人通常对他做的事不感兴趣；她们只需要他把电脑搞好能用就行了。
14 这就充分解释了我为什么早就有了电脑但仍然对电脑一知半解。
Good Usage （Paras. 1-2）
computer pioneer
something of a novice
That paradox is telling.
go on to become a maven
hunger for the new technology
hang on to old equipment far too long
give up what I’m used to
make the wrong decision
Good Usage （Paras. 3-4）
get hooked
talk on the telephone
spend time talking to friends
spend money upgrading it
E-mail draws me the same way the phone does
is annoyed by
My marriage had no such strains.
Good Usage （Para. 5）
deepen my friendship with
next to
extended conversations
face to face
mumble
pour our hearts out to each other
open up
get on line
Good Usage （Para.6）
a combination of
in dribs and drabs
bear down on
keep going
in between
Good Usage （Para.7）
get the upper hand
tend to
maintain an appearance of cooperation
point out
are more likely to
be captivated by
are motivated by
social structure
by their nature
whip this into line
get away
Good Usage （Para.8）
think of
tinker with
grappling with the challenge
appeal to
on the top side of
Good Usage （Para.9）
be flooded with
be staggered by
Good Usage （Para.10）
single-sex schools
worry about
getting the floor
according to
the anonymity of public networks
long, vituperative, sarcastic
turn most women off
lead to
deluge ... with
Good Usage （Para.11）
counterevidence to the claim
focus on
be interested in
casual conversation
respond to
14
Good Usage （Para.12）
My interest waned.
learn the basics
write checks
balance my checkbook
Much as I’d like to use it to do more
begrudge the time it would take to…
Good Usage （Paras.13-14）
costs him a lot of time
in need
is called upon by
damsel novices
get the computer to the point where…
pretty much explains how…
install vt.
1. [(in)] set (an apparatus) up, ready for use [常与in连用]安装（设备）
e.g. 1) After I installed the latestsoftware, my computer started to work a lot faster.
2)They had installed a new phone line in the apartment.
他们已经在公寓里装上了新的电话线。
2. settle sb/oneself in a place 将某人安顿或安置于某处[在某处安顿下来]
e.g. 1) I am comfortably installedin a new home.
我在新居舒适地安顿下来。
2) She installed herself in her father’sfavourite armchair.
她坐在她父亲最喜欢坐的扶手椅上。
3. placesb in a new position of authority with the usual ceremony （以例行仪式）使某人就新职
e.g. 1) Professor Sawyer wasformally installed as President last Thursday.
索耶教授上周四被正式任命为校长。
2) The army has promised to install a newgovernment within a week.
军队已经许诺在一周内任命新一届政府。
give sb. / sth. away
1. get rid of by giving 捐赠，让掉，分发，分送
e.g. 1) Nobody wants to buy last year’s fashions; you can’t even give themaway.
2) We have six copies of thebook to give away.
这本书我们要赠送6本出去。
2. show someone’s secret feelings 暴露
e.g. She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face when Isaid he’d be there really gave her away!
3. reveal, betray泄露（秘密）
e.g. Don’t give away mysecret.
不要泄露我的秘密。
hooked a.
enjoying something so much that you are unable to stop having, watching,doing, etc. it 着迷于，沉溺于
e.g. 1. He was hooked by online gambling and spent night and day gamblingaway.
2. Many of the leaders have become hooked on power andmoney.
很多领导人都变得贪恋权力和金钱。
3. Open this book and read a few pages and you will be hooked.
打开这本书读上几页，你就会沉迷其中。
Collocation:
be/become/gethooked 着迷于，沉迷于
get/keepsb hooked 让/使某人着迷于
truly/completely/totallyhooked 完全沉迷于
hooked on 着迷于，沉迷于
open up
speak more freely 畅谈，倾吐心事
e.g. 1. He found it hard even to open up to his own parents, let alone tosomeone whom he doesn’t know well.
2. I’ve never opened up to anyone like I do to you.
我从来没有像和你这样和别人畅谈心事。
get the upper hand
get an advantage over somebody so that you are in control of a particularsituation 取得优势，占上风
e.g. 1. In a business relationship, you may want to get the upper hand,but don’t do so at all costs.
2. Don’t let your feeling get the upper hand over you.
不要感情用事。
dominate vi. & vt.
1. have or exercise control or power(over) 支配，控制，统治，左右，操纵
e.g. 1)The rich family used to dominate theentire hotel business in this city.
这家有钱人以前控制着整个城市的酒店业。
2) The strong usually dominate over the weak.
强者常常支配弱者。
2. be the mostobvious or important person or thing in (sth.) 在（某事物）中处于优势或占上风; 占最重要地位
e.g. 1) Price tends to dominate all otherconsiderations.
首先考虑的往往是价格问题 。
2) Sports, and not learning, seem to dominate inthe school.
似乎是运动而不是学习在那所学校占重要地位。
3. (of a highplace) overlook (sth.) （指高处）高于（某物）
e.g. The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens.
雅典的卫城高耸于雅典全城之上。
domination n.
exception n.
[(to)] a person or thing thatis not included in a general statement [常与to连用]例外的人或事
e.g. 1. Anyone entering thisbuilding must use an access card; there is no exception, not even for themanager himself.
2. Few guitarists can sing aswell as they can play; Eddie, however, is an exception.
很少有吉他手唱歌像弹吉他那么好，然而埃迪是个例外。
3. Thelaw makes no exceptions.
法律不容许搞特殊。
Collocation:
with the exception of
e.g. The whole of the islandwas flooded with the exception of a small area in the north.
without exception
e.g. Without exception, allemployees must carry their identity card with them at all times.
exception to
e.g. Guide dogs are the one exceptionto the store’s ban on dogs.
be no exception
e.g. The weather had beenrainy for days, and the day of the race was no exception.
be the exception rather thanthe rule
e.g. Nowadays a job for lifeis very much the exception rather than the rule.
be the exception to the rule
e.g. Most of his family aresports enthusiasts, but he’s the exception to the rule.
tinker vi.
[esp. (with)] work without afixed plan or useful results, making small changes, esp. when trying to repairor improve something [尤与with连用]随随便便地修理；摆弄
e.g. 1. This password on the computer will prevent others from tinkeringwith your data.
2. He likes to tinker withradios.
他最爱鼓捣收音机。
eliminate vt.
[(from)] remove or get rid ofcompletely [常与from连用]消除；淘汰；剔除
e.g. 1. “Crimes can never be eliminated”, said the head of the policeforce, “but we are trying our very best to ensure that criminals are trackeddown and punished in time.”
2. If you think you may beallergic to a food or drink, eliminate it from your diet.
如果觉得可能对某种食物或饮料过敏，将其从日常饮食中去除。
CF: remove, eliminate, dismiss, expel
这些动词均有“开除，驱出，去掉”之意。
remove 普通用词，不带任何感情色彩。
eliminate 通常指例行的、有步骤地去掉某物或某人。
dismiss 既可指突然地迅速地排除，也可指解雇或开除。
expel 多指强行解除公职或驱出住地。
stagger v.
1. cause to feel shocked disbelief; seem almost unbelievable to 使惊愕；使难以置信
e.g. 1) His incredible wealth staggers every single soul who has visitedhis business empire.
2) I was staggered to hear he had died.
2. to cause to reel, totter, or become unsteady 使摇晃; 蹒跚
e.g. The blow staggered him.
3. to cause to waveror falter使犹豫[踌躇]
e.g. 1) Thedifficulties of the examination did not stagger him.
考试的难度并没有使他畏缩。
2) His courage staggered in the face of thebattle.
turn sb. off
infml cause to lose interest〖非正式〗（使）失去兴趣
e.g. 1. It really turns me off to see you biting yourfingernails in public. Please stop it.
2. Teaching off a blackboard is boring, and undoubtedly turns people off.
照本宣科枯燥乏味，无疑会使人们丧失学习兴趣。
convey vt.
1. [(to)] make (feelings,ideas, thoughts, etc.) known [常与to连用]传达；表达（感情、思想、意见等）
e.g. 1. In his email, he asked me to convey his thanks to you and asked mefor your contact details.
2. It is difficult to convey the sheer complexity of the situation.
很难说清楚形势究竟有多复杂。
2. To take or carry from one place to another;transport 运输;运送;输送
e.g. Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal.
用公共汽车载送旅客前往航空站。
CF: bring, carry, take,fetch, get, convey, transport
这些动词均有“带，拿，取”之意。
bring 指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不着重方式。
carry 指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，只强调方式。
take 指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不着重方式。
fetch 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。
get 口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便。
convey指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方式把人或物送到目的地。
transport指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物从一处运载到另一处。
submit vi.
[(to)] admit defeat [常与to连用] 屈服， 认输
e.g. 1. She refused to submit herself to the threats of the corrupt policeofficers.
2. He was losing the fight but he would not submit.
他战败了，但不屈服。
CF: submit, yield, surrender
这些动词均含“屈服，投降”之意。
submit 一般指放弃抵抗，愿意服从对方。
yield 含义相近，还指由于缺乏坚强的意志、力量和忍耐心，而屈从于他人的权势或控制。
surrender 指由于战败被迫投降或向战胜者或某种权势屈服。
balance vt.
compare the total debits and credits in (an account) and record the sumneeded to make them equal 结算
e.g. 1. This is a smart piece of accounting software that helps youbalance your account.
2. I’m balancing the checkbook.
我正在结算支票簿。
rescue vt.
[(from)] save or set free fromharm, danger, or loss [常与from连用]拯救，解救；救援，救出
e.g. 1. The parents decided torescue their young son on his way to prison, so they told him to surrenderhimself to the police for the minor offence he had committed.
2. Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roofof the burning building.
直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
CF: rescue, save
这两个动词均有“营救，拯救，搭救”之意。
rescue 多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险。
save 含义广泛，既可指营救某人使脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
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