综合教程1刘正光课后答案unit7
Listening and Speaking
1.
Nonverbal Communication
It’s well known that good communication is the
1) foundation of any successful relationship, be it personal or 2) professional. It’s important to recognize, though, that it’s our nonverbal communication — our facial expressions,
3) gestures, eye contact, posture, and tone of voice — that speaks the
4) loudest. The things we don’t say can still
5) conveyvolumes of information. The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication, or body language, is a
6) powerful tool that can help us
7) connect with others,
8) express what we really mean, and build better relationships. According to various researchers, body language is thought to 9) account for between 50 to 70 percent of all communication. These nonverbal
10) signals make up a huge part of daily communication.
Text A
Reading Comprehension
1.
Topic Sentence:
The range of body distance varies with the degree of intimacy and equality that is thought to exist in the relationship.
Major supporting details
1. One extreme is “untouchability”.
2. The other extreme is very little social and physical distance.
3. The same physical distance maintained is a compromise.
4. Personal space changes with time sand across cultures.
Minor supporting details
1. A nobleman finds it distasteful to be close to a commoner.
2.
1) People in certain tribal and peasant societies stand or sit disconcertingly close for a Westerner’s tastes.
2) Their experience in Nepal evidently indicates there is little appreciation of privacy and separateness in some societies.
3. The English stand close enough to show engagement and involvement, but not too close to cause embarrassment and intrusion.
4.
1) Twenty years ago, it was strange to kiss females or to hug men, but now this custom has spread from the continent.
2) But in Japan, to kiss on the lips in public is an obscene gesture; touching others in public until recently was considered rather indecent.
3) On first meeting, in Western countries, people used to handshake with a friend but in Japan it is common to bow and offer a name card.
2.
Gesture | Implication |
kissing on the cheek | greeting friends or acquaintances |
hugging | greeting friends or acquaintances |
kissing on the lips in public in Japan | obscene gesture |
touching another in public in Japan | indecent behavior |
a bow and a name card | meeting someone for the first time |
a bow or smile | meeting someone more than once |
handshake | symbolizing friendship, equality, mutual grasping |
embrace | a drawing together |
Reading and Discussing
3.
Key for reference
2) Cultural misunderstandings can occur when people don’t share or understand the rules of a particular culture. The rules of how you behave are to do with what people expect you to do in certain situations. People can learn the rules of a new culture by watching people and through asking questions. It is cultural values that lead to expectations and rules about how people behave.
Language in Use
4.
Noun(s) | Verb | Adjective(s) |
appreciation | appreciate | appreciable; appreciative |
association | associate | associable; associative |
calculation | calculate | calculable; calculating; calculated |
embarrassment | embarrass | embarrassing; embarrassed |
engagement | engage | engaged; engaging |
extension; extent | extend | extensive; extended |
equalization; equality | equalize; equal | equal |
intimacy | / | intimate |
involvement | involve | involved |
symbolization; symbol | symbolize | symbolic(al) |
threat | threaten | threatened; threatening |
· 1) symbolize
· 2) involved
· 3) appreciates
· 4) extend
· 5) engaging
· 6) embarrassed
· 7) intimate
· 8) associations
· 9) equality
· 10) threatened
5.
· 1) stretch out
· 2) vary with
· 3) associate with
· 4) drop in
· 5) comment on
· 6) fended off
6.
physical distance (身体距离) | social space (社交空间) | extreme situation (极端情境) |
safe distance (安全距离) | personal space (私人空间) | real-life situation (现实生活情境) |
long distance (长距离) | limited space (有限空间) | current situation (现状) |
walking distance (很近的距离) | outer space (外层空间；宇宙空间) | difficult situation (困境) |
travelling distance (旅行距离) | living space (生存空间) | dangerous situation (危险的处境) |
open space (露天场所) | embarrassing situation (尴尬的境地) | |
parking space (停车位) | financial situation (财务状况) |
· 1) physical distance
· 2) long distance
· 3) personal space
· 4) living space
· 5) current situation
· 6) walking distance
· 7) parking space
· 8) financial situation
7.
A | B | Compound nouns |
1) real | road | real estate |
2) feed | quake | feedback |
3) check | heart | check-in |
4) cross | back | crossroad |
5) soft | date | software |
6) high | light | highlight |
7) earth | estate | earthquake |
8) sweet | seeing | sweetheart |
9) sight | in | sightseeing |
10) up | ware | update |
· 1) check-in
· 2) feedback
· 3) update
· 4) sweetheart
· 5) crossroad
· 6) earthquake
· 7) highlight
· 8) real estate
8.
Reference translation
1) 人和人之间的身体距离因其关系亲疏和地位高低而不同。
2) 一个极端是“不可接触”，无论按照字面上的意思（如种姓制度里）还是通过保持空间距离，如贵族会觉得接近平民是件令人生厌的事情。
3) 在一些社会当中，人们不太理会个人隐私、互不干扰以及不被人打扰的受保护的私密空间的需要。
4) 人们之间的距离应该是近得可以显示你被吸引和积极参与，但又不至于近得侵入私人空间，让人尴尬。
5) 因此，交友是一种平衡的行为，如同芭蕾或者其他舞蹈。
9.
Reference translation
1) He is very rude in private, though in public he is usually very polite.
2) Starvation is at one extreme of the spectrum of food intake; obesity is at the other extreme.
3) It is in the company of a good friend that the heart finds a home.
4) Although her father is in the firm, she got the job on her own.
5) At the start of the project we were all full of passion but unfortunately we’ve lost a lot of our early enthusiasm.
Text B
Reading Comprehension
1.
1) “The Vulcan Salute” is made by splitting the hand down the middle — holding the index and middle fingers together, the ring and pinky fingers together — and then the thumb pressed firmly against the side of the hand. It symbolizes the Hebrew word for “Shaddai,” meaning “Almighty (God).”
2) “The Shaka Sign” is made by folding your three middle fingers down while holding out your thumb and pinky, then twisting your hand around. It can be interpreted as “Hello,” “Goodbye,” “Have a nice day,” “Take it easy,” “Good luck,” or, the most popular definition, “Hang loose.”
3) “The Corna” is made when only the pinky and the index finger point up while the other fingers are held in the palm under the thumb. For fans of the University of Texas, the sign represents the school’s mascot, a Texas longhorn steer named Bevo, and his impressive 72" horns.
4) To say hello, the men would stick their hand straight up in the air, spread their fingers wide, and call out “Five!”
Language in Use
2.
· 1) claiming
· 2) represent
· 3) split
· 4) impressive
· 5) witness
· 6) commercials
· 7) twisted
· 8) origin
· 9) resemble
· 10) slapped
3.
· 1) is known for
· 2) are known as
· 3) is known to
· 4) caught on
· 5) catch up with
· 6) catch at
· 7) hold out
· 8) hold on
· 9) held up
· 10) pull down
· 11) pull away
· 12) pull out
4.
Reference translation
1) The guide told us that you’re meant to take your shoes off when you enter a Hindu temple.
2) Overuse of the exclamation mark could be interpreted as being pushy or trying to make a point.
3) He has been good at drawing since he was a little boy and we’re sure he’ll become well known as an artist.
4) Rules should be based on scientific research and the outcomes of investigations.
5) The report shows that 80% of children are addicted to computer games.
Writing
Exercise 1
1) General idea: The social space is partly symbolic and partly physical, and it can be observed in body distances.
2) The two parts of the topic: untouchability; very little social and physical distance
3) Similarity: Both of them represent body distance in social space.
Difference: two extremes of body distance in social space
4) Principle of classification: The range of body distance varies with the degree of intimacy and equality that is thought to exist in the relationship.
Exercise 2
Sample
College Stress and Its Solutions
College life can be very stressful. However, much of the stress that we all experience can be helpful and stimulating, depending on how we take it. When we don’t do well or fail in exams, we might lose confidence and feel depressed. To deal with academic stress, we need to understand that unsatisfactory performance maybe the result of absent-mindedness and we should reschedule our time and put more energy into our study. Some students may have other problems, such as financial difficulties. To solve them, they could apply for student loans or possibly find part-time jobs to support themselves. While college students face the obvious social challenges that usually involve leaving behind one’s entire support structure, creating a new social network, dealing with being away from home for the first time and finding less parental support, many students also face social stress. In order to reduce social stress students may be encouraged to take up sports with their friends. Stress can lead to serious disorders. We should be on the alert and treat it wisely.
END