印尼一瞥|《裸体主义》：穆斯林国家印尼，裸体主义在涌动

原创 2017-10-29 从余启 我与我们的世界我与我们的世界

欢迎打开“我与我们的世界”，从此，让我们一起“纵览世界之风云变幻、洞察社会之脉搏律动、感受个体之生活命运、挖掘自然之点滴奥妙”。

我与我们的世界，既是一个“奋斗”的世界，也是一个“思考”的世界。奋而不思则罔，思而不奋则殆。这个世界，你大，它就大；你小，它就小。

欢迎通过上方公众号名称打开公众号“查看历史消息”来挖掘往期文章，因为，每期都能让你“走近”不一样的世界、带给你不一样的精彩。

本期导读：裸体主义，又称天然主义，中文里也简称为天体，是一种文化政治运动，倡导和维护在私人和公开场合的裸体社交活动，这个名词也可指称以个人、家庭或社交裸体主义为基础的生活方式。

根据世界上最大裸城法国的阿格德角在1974年作出的定义，天然主义是“和大自然和谐共存的一种方式，以集体裸体的方式促进尊重自己、尊重他人并尊重环境的态度”。奉行天然主义的人被称为“天然主义者”，但通常“裸体主义者”这个名称较容易让人们所理解。

在美国有几个新创词汇，用来替代天然主义这个词，例如“社交裸体”(social nudity)、“公开裸体”(public nudity)，以及更近的“无衣自在”(clothes-free)等，但这三个词汇受到大众接纳的程度，都不及于较久远的“天然主义”。

天然主义哲学有许多源头，即使说人们经常引述回归自然、创造平等的概念，但其中有许多源头可回溯到20世纪早期德国的健康与健身哲学。这个理念从德国传播到英国、加拿大、美国以及其他地区，发展出一个由许多俱乐部所构成的网络。

德国天然主义的模式是推广裸体主义式的家庭和休闲运动，其推广组织DFK也是德国奥运体育协会的会员。在另一方面，法国裸体主义的发展是以大型旅游区为基础，这个概念接下来影响魁北克，然后是美国。后续的发展是裸体主义观光，其中裸体渡假村是为了招待裸体旅游者而建立，这种概念在加勒比海最显著。

最近，裸体海滩(或无衣自在海滩)以及其他类型的裸体主义者活动，使得许多未加入俱乐部成为会员的人们，能够参与天然主义者活动。在某些人看来，天然主义可能包含情色层面，即使现在许多天然主义者与天然主义组织坚决表示未必如此。

大众与媒体经常过度简化天然主义与情色的关系。在参与天然主义活动时，性行为反而受到规范限制。天然主义的环境可让人们了解性别的诸多面向，性别议题在我们日常生活中经常会成为一种争议性的话题，或被当成一种疾病、定为违法，或被过度商品化。

Indonesia's secret nudist community defying the law

印尼隐存裸体主义群体，尽管法律有禁止

What is it like to be a nudist in a country that prizes modesty and where public nudity is strictly forbidden? Clara Rondonuwu of the BBC's Indonesian service went to meet some members of the country's nudist community to find out.

在一个崇尚举止谦逊并对公共场所裸露现象有着严苛禁令的国家，作为一个裸体主义者，会有什么样的感觉？BBC驻印尼记者克拉拉对印尼裸体主义群体中的几位进行了采访，并试着发现点什么。

There isn't a single thread on Aditya's body.

阿迪提亚，浑身上下，一丝不挂。

As he speaks to me, droplets of hot oil splash on to his bare belly from the large frying pan of sand crabs, eggs and Chinese cabbage.

阿迪提亚一边和我说话，一边用一个大平底锅翻炒着一锅蟹肉、鸡蛋、大白菜，热油不时从锅里飞溅出来，落在他那一丝不挂的肚皮上。

"I love doing everyday things in the buff, including cooking my meals," he says. "I take a great deal of pleasure in being naked anytime I want to. I feel happier and way more comfortable without clothes."

“日常生活中，我做闲杂琐事时，都喜欢光着，包括给自己做饭时”，阿迪提亚说到，“我想光着的时候，只要我光着，就能从中感觉到莫大的快乐，幸福感会变高，没有衣服束缚，也会更为舒服。”

Aditya is taking a risk though and therefore doesn't want his full name revealed. Under majority Muslim Indonesia's anti-pornography laws, it is illegal to be naked in public.

不过，阿迪提亚这样做是有风险的，因此，也不想我们的报道中透露他的全名。印尼是一个穆斯林占多数的国家，制定有反色情法律法规，在公共场所裸体是非法的。

Yet he meets regularly with four other nudists in private. "We could face jail time if we appeared nude in public," he explains. "Which is the reason why we let it all hang out in private."

不过，阿迪提亚会经常与其他四位裸体主义者私下见面。“如果我们在公共场所裸体的话，就会面临牢狱之灾”，阿迪提亚解释说，“这也就是为什么我们所做的，都在私底下进行。”

A closely knit group

一个有着紧密关系网的群体

Aditya has been a nudist in his spare time since 2007.

自2007年开始，阿迪提亚成为了一位裸体主义者，私下里都会光着。

"I was surfing the web, reading articles about nudism and got really into it. It seemed that it was the life path I had been looking for," he says.

“我在网上溜达时，看到有关裸体主义的一些文章，然后打心底也想那样，感到那是我很长时间以来就一直在寻找的生活方式”，阿迪提亚这样说到。

He made contact with other nudists in the country - they are a small but committed and closely knit group. Jakarta's naturist group now has about 10 to 15 members, both men and women.

阿迪提亚就与印尼的其他裸体主义者联系上了，这个群体尽管较小，但大家都很真诚，钟情于此，并形成了紧密的关系网。目前，雅加达的裸体主义者群体约有10到15个成员，有男性也有女性。

Aditya feels that being naked gives them a stronger connection and lasting bond. "We can be ourselves. No one body shames you no matter how fat or paunchy you are or because of your flaccid penis, breast size or birthmarks. You are nude."

阿迪提亚感到，裸体让他们之间建立起了更为紧固的联系，彼此的关系也更耐久。“我们能做我们自己，没有人会觉得你难看丢脸，不管你是胖或大腹便便，或小弟弟疲软无力，或奶子大小，或身上有胎记，大家都一样，都裸体。”

He dreams of travelling to nudist colonies in countries like France, where his lifestyle choice would be accepted as something not unusual.

阿迪提亚梦想着能到其他国家的裸体主义者的聚居地看看，比如法国等某些国家，在那里，阿迪提亚所选择的生活方式，就会被接受，而不会被视为不正常。

Yet while Indonesia's law doesn't allow for public nudity, this does not mean that there are no opportunities to go bare.

不过，尽管印尼的法律法规不允许公共场所暴露现象，但这也并不意味着，在印尼就没有过上裸体主义生活的机会。

The group gets together from time to time, renting a holiday villa, like recently in a mountainous area outside Jakarta.

印尼的裸体主义群体时不时地会聚在一起，会租赁一个度假别墅，就像最近一次，雅加达郊外的一个山区里的那次聚会。

"Within seconds, we disrobe," he says. They just spend a normal day together, with conversations ranging from anything like politics to work life.

“只需几秒钟，我们就都脱光了”，阿迪提亚说到。参加聚会的人员，一起度过了平平常常的一天，大家有说有笑，话题从大到国家政治，小到个人工作生活。

He tells me he just got back from a beach escape at one of Indonesia's best-kept secret destinations, where he is far from the discrimination he would face elsewhere in the country.

阿迪提亚告诉记者说，他刚从印尼一个很少有人知道的隐秘海滩回来，在那里，他不会遭受在印尼其他地方会遇到的歧视，

It's not a nudist site, but it is "well hidden by the dense foliage," he explains. Even so, he took precautions.

那不是一个裸体主义者聚会点，但那里“周围树林茂密，隐蔽性较好”，阿迪提亚解释说。即使这样，他也很警惕，做了预先安排。

"I picked my time carefully, and went for walks really early in the morning."

“我细心地选择了时间点，然后一大早很早就出发了。”

Reckless?

鲁莽不顾后果？

Despite the risks, Aditya also posts openly about his lifestyle on nudist websites.

尽管有各种风险，但阿迪提亚也会在裸体主义网站上公开发布自己生活方式相关的帖子。

Among his many Instagram accounts, there was also a private one where he uploaded his nude pictures. One of them showed him fully nude, standing inside a church.

阿迪提亚在社交软件Instagram上开了好几个账号，其中有个私密的账号，在上面他会发布一些自己的裸体照片。其中有一张，阿迪提亚浑身上下光着，站在一个教堂里。

He has since deleted the account as he could be found guilty under Indonesia's anti-pornography law.

不过随后阿迪提亚删掉了那个账号，因为根据印尼的反色情法律法规，他有可能被治罪。

"My fellow naturists said I was pretty reckless to open up on the internet," he explains.

“我认识的其他裸体主义者跟我说，在网上公开那些，我太鲁莽不顾后果了”，阿迪提亚解释说。

But he thinks all these posts were necessary to change the many misconceptions about his lifestyle.

不过，阿迪提亚觉得，所有这些帖子都很有必要，这样才能慢慢改变很多人对于他所喜欢的生活方式所抱持的错误观念。

"People here in Indonesia think that nakedness has something to do with sex," he says, pointing out that nudity is not the same as exhibitionism.

“印尼这里的人会觉得，裸体会与性有关”，阿迪提亚说到，并指出裸体与裸露癖是不同的。

"If we strip off together they assume it is a sex party. The truth is, there is nothing sexual about it."

“如果我们光着身子在一起，他们就会觉得，我们在开性派对，而事实却是，我们所做的一切，和性完全无关。”

"People are so hypocritical when they think that being fully clothed is more polite than being open."

“人们是如此的虚伪，总会觉得，浑身上下裹得严严实实，会比敞开自己显得更有礼貌。”

A difficult lifestyle

一种艰难的生活方式

Another naturist who lives on Borneo does not want to be named, and agrees that being a naturist in Indonesia is a "difficult lifestyle decision".

另一位住在婆罗洲岛的裸体主义者，不想自己的名字被暴露，也觉得在印尼选择做一个裸体主义者是一项“艰难的生活方式决定”。

He looks enviously at places like France and Germany, where nakedness is more accepted, and thinks Indonesian businesses could cater more to the nudist market.

他对法国、德国等地区很是羡慕嫉妒恨，在那些地方，裸体接受度较高，并认为，印尼的商界可在裸体主义者市场进行更多投资，以满足市场需求。

Their best shot would be Bali, which is less strict than the rest of majority Muslim Indonesia. But he says the existing nudist-friendly resorts "cater to foreigners only".

虽好的地方就是巴厘岛，因为那里的法律法规比穆斯林占多数的印尼的其他地区稍微好些。不过，他也表示，现有的对裸体主义者持友好态度的度假区的服务“都只针对外国人”。

Rewind 40 years and nudity was common in places like Bali - women would often walk around topless, and bathe naked.

回到40多年前的话，在诸如巴厘岛等地方，裸体很常见，女性经常会上身光着，走来走去，也会公共场合光着洗澡。

There are no public nude beaches on the mostly Hindu island, though a number of coastal areas remain popular with nudists because they are protected by rocks.

在印度教教徒占多数的巴厘岛，并没有公共的裸体沙滩，不过，巴厘岛上仍有很多裸体主义者喜欢的海滩，主要是因为周围都有山石挡着。

The manager of one resort in Bali says he has two properties which advertise themselves as "clothing optional" and that there are 10 other such resorts in the tourist centre of Seminyak alone.

巴厘岛上一个度假区的经理介绍说，他有两处别墅，打出的广告用词中就有“是否穿衣服可自己决定”，这样的旅游去处，光在水明漾地区游客中心还有10个。

Additionally, "some of the villas do not promote themselves as naturist-friendly, but many foreigners do go naked in there," he says.

他还说，“有些别墅在打出的广告中并没有明显对裸体主义者表示欢迎的语句，但很多外国人到那里后，都会裸着身子。”

"Nudism is common for the upper-class people."

“对于上层人士来说，裸体主义是个很常见的现象。”

The hotel manager told the BBC he only accepts foreign guests, but said that other resorts might take Indonesian nudists too.

该度假区酒店经理告诉记者，他只接受外国客人，不过还说，其他度假区可能也会接受印尼的裸体主义客人。

Abused for being different

因为不同，遭受歧视

Aditya says he wants to educate society that he and his fellow naturists are human beings just like everyone else.

阿迪提亚说，他想向整个社会表示让他们接受，他以及他的裸体主义者伙伴们，和其他每个人都一样，也都是人。

"Most people tend to be overly expressive when they see something unusual to them. Look how aggressive they are to transgender people, they beat them."

“当看到某些不太一样的现象时，人们大多都会表现过度，只需看看他们对变性群体是多么具有攻击性，甚至会毒打他们。”

"What I do is not pornography," he says.

“我所做的，与色情无关”，阿迪提亚说。

"I feel sad when they judge me and think of me as immoral, some even called us animals. I am just being myself, it's nothing grotesque. I don't harm anyone."

“当人们对我评头论足，认为我不道德时，我感到非常郁闷，有些人甚至称我们为动物，我只是做我自己而已，没有什么怪异的，我也不伤害任何人。”

At times, he explains, he feels like challenging all these misconceptions in social media.

阿迪提亚解释说，有时候，在社交媒体上，他会感到自己在与所有这些错误观念作斗争。

Yet then again, he often just doesn't have the energy to engage in what he says are long and useless conversation with internet trolls.

不过，话又说回来，阿迪提亚有时候也没有精力在网上与对方进行他所称的“冗长、无用的论战”。

"Most people here still cannot deal with nudity."

“这里的人们，大多都依然接受不了裸体主义。”