被赞美的，被展演的，与被忽视的：上海纽约大学“疫情中的女性”线上活动回顾
本次活动录音已制作成音频节目，
作为“unCoVer疫中人”同名播客的第一期推出；
收听节目请点击文末“阅读原文”；
或在喜马拉雅中搜索“unCoVer疫中人”
Editor's Note
刚刚过去的国际妇女节你是如何度过的？三月八日晚，上海纽约大学多元倡议项目举办了一场聚焦“疫情中的女性”的线上对话。活动邀请了来自BIE别的女孩的主编Alex Li、GirlSUP Shanghai的创办人Sakura Chan，以及上海纽约大学博士后研究员王菁。在接近两小时的谈话里，三位嘉宾和主持人Joyce Tan一起，对于疫情中女性工作者的角色、困境及媒体形象分享了自己的观察和思考。
此次抗击新冠肺炎的援鄂医疗人员中，女性占比三分之二。根据早前来自上海市妇联的不完全统计，身在一线的医生一半以上为女性，护士群体中更有超过90%是女性。在医护岗位之外的科研、管理、环卫、建工、志愿行动、社会工作等诸多领域，女性也始终扮演着活跃而不可或缺的角色。然而另一方面，透过媒体报道中的性别偏见，以及女性医疗人员需求被忽视的现象，我们也看见被疫情揭露和凸显的性别不公。由此出发，三位嘉宾聊到了各自在疫情期间发起的行动，聊到了主流媒体与个人叙事，以及与性别交叉的其它议题，最后探讨了疫情如何影响公民社会在中国的发展。
▼Scroll down to view English translation▼
How did you celebrate International Women's Day this year? On the evening of March 8, 2020, the Office of Diversity Initiatives of Shanghai New York University (NYU Shanghai) organized an online panel discussion, “Women in the Time of Coronavirus: Action, Contribution and Media Representation.” Guest panelists were Alex Li, editor-in-chief of BiedeGirls; Sakura Chan, founder of GirlSUP Shanghai; and Jing Wang, a postdoctoral fellow at NYU Shanghai. Along with Joyce Tan, moderator of the discussion, the three panelists shared their observations and thoughts on the COVID-19 outbreak through the lens of gender.
In this epidemic, women make up two-thirds of the medical force dispatched from all over China to assist with the treatment and containment efforts in Hubei. Among the frontline medical workers, more than half of the doctors and over 90% of the nurses are women. In various other fields such as scientific research, management, sanitation, construction, community service, and social work, women have also been playing an active and indispensable role. However, from biased media coverage and the neglected needs of female medical workers, we can also see how the outbreak has accentuated the already ubiquitous sexism. Starting from this topic, the panelists had a discussion on gender culture, media representation, and civil society. They also talked about the projects they initiated during the outbreak and addressed other social issues that intersect with gender.
向京，《妆扮》，2015-2016
图片：向京工作室
Meet the Panelists | 嘉宾介绍
Alex Li Editor-in-chief, BiedeGirls | “BIE别的女孩” 主编 Co-initiator, Firefly Plan | “萤火计划” 发起人之一 |
BiedeGirls is an online channel that explores issues, experiences and opinions through lenses of gender and sexuality.
“BIE别的女孩”通过文字、播客、视频输出先锋的态度和独到的性/别观点，呈现多元的女性生活方式。
Sakura Chan Founder, GirlSUP Shanghai | GirlSUP Shanghai 创办人 Co-initiator, Firefly Plan | “萤火计划”发起人之一 Freelance Fashion Designer | 独立时尚设计师 |
GirlSUP Shanghai is a female network that connects and supports women from different professions and industries. In January 2020, together with BiedeGirls, GirlSUP co-founded the "Firefly Plan" aiming to support frontline female medical workers with a range of products, including disinfectants, hand creams, and period panties.
GirlSUP Shanghai是一个将来自不同行业的职业女性联系起来并相互给予支持和帮助的在线社区。2020年1月，GirlSUP和“BIE别的女孩”共同发起了“萤火计划”，旨在为一线女性医疗工作者提供一系列产品，包括消毒剂，护手霜和卫生巾。
Jing Wang Postdoctoral Fellow, NYU Shanghai | 上海纽约大学博士后研究员 Co-initiator, Sinophobia Tracker | Sinophobia Tracker发起人 |
Founded by Jing Wang and Li Li, Sinophabia Tracker is a site to document and archive Sinophobic phenomena and anti-racist efforts worldwide during the COVID-19 outbreak. Website: https://sites.google.com/view/sinophobia-tracker/home
Sinophabia Tracker网站由王菁和李黎创立，旨在记录新冠肺炎疫情期间全球的排华现象以及各地对抗种族主义的行动。
Moderator | 主持人
Joyce Tan Specialist, Diversity Initiatives, NYU Shanghai | 上海纽约大学多元倡议项目主管 Initiator, unCoVer疫中人 | “unCoVer疫中人”项目发起人 |
“unCoVer疫中人" is a project dedicated to amplifying the voices of those who are affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in and beyond China through translation, storytelling and interview.
“unCoVer疫中人”致力于翻译、创作和传播疫情之中的个人叙述、对话访谈、评论文章，并以此呼唤超越国界的共情、理解和联结。
Highlights | 对话亮点
疫情中，她们在行动
一位媒体人，一位时尚设计师和女性社区创始人，一位学者，是什么契机让她们在疫情期间行动起来？
[06:51]
Jing: 与朋友一同建立Sinophobia Tracker网站的初衷
[08:50]
Sakura: “萤火计划”的发起初衷，以及在发展中得到的来自女性同伴的支持
“ What does the project [GirlSUP] mean to me? I didn’t make any money from it. But this time when I wanted to do something for women through this platform, almost everyone I asked -- most of them girls -- said yes immediately. ”
- Sakura
对女性需求的忽视
为什么主流媒体与官方机构在疫情发生后相当长一段时间忽视了女性需求？这与性别文化和性别结构有何关联？
[12:40]
Sakura: 受到文化影响，人们对于在公众场合谈及个人卫生需求不适应；对女性需求的忽视早已有之
[13:07]
Alex: 女护士被剃头的事件[1]背后是女性身体被挪用、操控和展演的长期历史，性别文化是其根本的原因
“ The underlying reason for this misrepresentation or underrepresentation of women boils down to the consistent unwillingness to first see women’s bodies and then to acknowledge and respect their needs as equal to men’s -- not less important just because men don't have the same needs. ”
- Alex
主流媒体中的女性形象
女性的真实需求并未受到重视的同时，媒体却对女性的奉献和“牺牲”高度赞扬，反映了什么？
[14:35]
Alex: 女性总是被想象成充满美德、美好圣洁的形象，而非有各种正常生理需求的人—— “永恒女性”（eternal feminine）的塑造 [2]
[16:10]
Alex: 被神化后的女性身体成为宣传工具
[19:07]
Jing: 社会主义建设时期“妇女能顶半边天”的宣传话语及其影响
“ It’s essentially the archetype of women as beautiful, holy, and virtuous beings. This feminine entity -- they’re almost like goddesses, but they’re not real . . . The ‘eternal feminine’ is meant to be a praise but not a realistic portrayal of women . . . These female bodies are hyper-visible and invisible at the same time. ”
- Alex
“ Tani Barlow’s text [3] traces the discursive shift of what is being considered or constructed as a woman in modern China. I think she would definitely agree . . . with how women are constructed as ‘the Other’ in the private sphere versus men in the public and political domains, and that the concepts of women are always relational. ”
- Jing
性别与阶级的交叉性[4]
当我们关注女性医务工作者时，谁又被忽略了？
[21:44]
Jing: 性别与阶层身份如何交织；女性后勤工作者在媒体报道中的缺席
[22:53]
Joyce: 《2018年农民工监测报告》显示女性占农民工总数的34.8%；看见屏幕上的，也看见屏幕后的：“每一块屏也是一块幕”
“ This is not just a gender issue. It’s a class issue as well.”
- Jing
“ Every screen is also a panel that blocks what's behind it. So when we see what’s shown on the screen, we always have to question which narratives are presented and which are not. ”
- Joyce
疫情中的个人叙述和记录
人们如何以自己的方式记录疫情？
[24:57]
Jing: 方方——一位疫情期间被广泛阅读的作家 [5]
[26:35]
Alex: 郭晶的武汉封城日记[6]；“未被记录的Ta们”项目[7]：悼念那些未被官方记录而逝去的生命
“ I have been reading Judith Butler's Precarious Life [8]. And to quote her, ‘If a life is not grievable, it is not quite a life; it does not qualify as a life and is not worth a note.’ ”
- Alex
疫情与公民社会
2008年被称作“中国公民社会元年”。在本次疫情中，民间组织和公民个体积极行动。长远来看，疫情对公民意识的提高和公民社会的发展将产生怎样的影响？
[32:00]
Alex: 所谓“黄金时代”即便有过现在也不复存在，但这次疫情让人们对有政治参与热情和公民意识的人有了更强的认可，一些年轻人对公共事务及话题的讨论产生了较大的共振
[35:17]
Jing: 公民社会在中国的特殊性——限制与机遇[9]：从李文亮医生事件[10]看如何在夹缝中发声
[39:49]
Sakura: 国内社交媒体在日渐商业化的同时对社会热点事件的推动和影响；"萤火计划"借力媒体
“ [In] a heavily controlled system, there are always cracks and gaps at different levels. I think there are people who know how to use new media to self-educate and become [more politically conscious] citizens. ”
- Jing
Q & A | 观众提问
[41:44] Question: 李文亮并没有面向公众披露新冠病毒疫情，为什么被称为“whistleblower”呢？
点击文末“阅读原文”，在我们的播客节目中收听嘉宾的回答
From the Audience | 观众留言
▲Scroll down to read 向上滑动阅读▲
"The event helped inform me of the nuances in how women are portrayed in China: to inspire boldness and bravery during this fight, while also casting an underlying notion that female bodies are not "suit"-able enough while working in healthcare professions."
-- Rayna Wang,
Intake Coordinator and Therapist,
Child Center of New York;
Alumna, New York University
"Female nurses in Wuhan’s hospitals need to work for 8 hours straight without drinking, eating, or going to the toilet. They are portrayed as “heroes,” but not many people actually care about improving their situation."
-- Kuntian Chen,
Class of 2023, NYU Shanghai
"Women in the time of coronavirus should be seen. She might be a doctor, a nurse, a scientist, or just an ordinary person like you and me. I still remember that when a little girl was asked what her mother looked like in a protective suit, she said, 'like the sun.'"
-- Mia Zhang,
Class of 2023, NYU Shanghai
"只有当人们意识到每个人都该被允许对自己的身份有自由认识，人们才会彻底挣脱父权主义的束缚，整个社会才能真正实现男女平等。对于这次讲座的主题“疫情中的女性工作者”，我们其实不必给予她们过多的赞美，而更应该给予她们应得的尊重。"
-- Slyler Chen,
Class of 2023, NYU Shanghai
"Definitely inspiring and heartwarming to hear from Chinese female activists and scholars about women in the time of the coronavirus, on the special day of International Women's Day! It's important to amplify the voices of women, and the panelists did that. "
-- Zixia Liu,
Writing & Speaking Fellow, NYU Shanghai
Cloud Layer, 2014
by Yu Hong in Art|Basel
本次活动录音已制作成音频节目，
作为“unCoVer疫中人”同名播客的第一期推出；
收听节目请点击文末“阅读原文”；
或在喜马拉雅中搜索“unCoVer疫中人”
More on the Topic | 延伸阅读
▲Scroll down to read 向上滑动阅读▲
[1] Video of female nurses having their heads shaved | 甘肃护士集体剃光头视频
On February 17, 2020, a video stirred public outrage: it showed female medical workers from Gansu province collectively having their heads shaved before departing to Hubei province in order to “make work more convenient.” In the video, many had reddened eyes and furrowed brows from holding back tears. In mainstream media coverage, they were praised as "the most beautiful warriors to go on undeterred by the dangers ahead."
每日甘肃网于2月15日发布了一则名为《剪去秀发，她们整装出征》的消息。两天后，该消息所配发的视频引发极大关注。视频显示，甘肃省妇幼保健院派出的15名护理人员中14人被理成光头，均为女性；1名为男性。理发时部分女性落泪。
[2] “Eternal Feminine” | “永恒女性”
At the end of Faust II (1832), Johann Wolfgang Goethe introduces the “eternal feminine,” an archetype that idealizes “woman” as pure, modest, graceful and virtuous. In contrast with the virtues of men, those regarded as feminine are inherently private.
“永恒女性”来自歌德所著《浮士德》中的“永恒之女性，引我等向上”。“永恒女性”代表一种理想化的“女性”概念。基于这一理想原型，女性始终圣洁、谦顺、优雅、充满美德。这种关于女性、女性气质和女性美德的想象和塑造将女性放置在私领域，而男性气质则始终与公领域和行动联系在一起。
[3] Tani E. Barlow, “Theorizing Woman: Funü, Guojia, Jiating (Chinese Woman, Chinese State, Chinese Family)”. Body, Subject, and Power in China, 1994, pp.253-290.
This text offers a genealogy of the concept of "women" from the late Qing dynasty to the 1970s. Barlow shows how the Chinese women were defined in relation to family and state in different periods as the “Other.”
美国学者汤尼·白露在“论妇女”这篇文章中探讨了晚晴到1970年代中国的“妇女”概念的流变，展现了女性是如何被置于与家庭和国家的关系中被定义为“他者”的。
[4] Intersectionality | 交叉性
Intersectionality focuses on the diversity of women's identities: women's status as the "Other" is not only shaped by their gender but also their race, ethnicity, language, and sexual orientation. Examining "intersectionality" is a paradigm for feminist research and a method for analyzing gender phenomena in societies.
交叉性聚焦身份的多元性，即注意到女性的“他者”地位不仅由其性别塑造，更受到其种族、民族、语言和性取向等多方面的交互影响。有关这一概念的研究不仅是女性主义研究的重要范式，也是分析社会中性别现象的重要方法。
[5] Fang Fang | 方方
Fang Fang is the pen name of Wang Fang, a Chinese writer known for her simple yet powerful writing. Her empathetic portrayal of underprivileged people has earned her a place as a leader of “New Realism” literature. Since the first day of the Lunar New Year (January 25), Fang Fang, who grew up and currently lives in Wuhan, has kept a diary to record her experiences and reflections. Her "Wuhan Diary" has been widely circulated on the Internet. Supporters believe that she speaks out of conscience, while critics accuse her of "spreading negative energy."
方方原名汪芳，出生南京，成长于武汉，以平实而有力的写作风格被视为新写实文学的代表。自正月初一（1月25日）开始，身处武汉的方方以日记的方式，记录封城后的见闻与感悟。“武汉日记”发布后，迅速在网络上流传开。支持者喜欢她文字的直率和悲悯，质疑者批评她偏激消极、“传播负能量”。
[6] Guo Jing’s Diary of a Life in Locked-down Wuhan | 郭晶的武汉封城日记
In "Diary of a Life in Locked-down Wuhan", social worker Guo Jing recorded her living experiences, feelings and observations during the quarantine. After being taken down multiple times, the diary was reposted elsewhere so as to be read and circulated. In ISSUE 2, “unCoVer疫中人” presents a conversation with Guo Jing.
社会工作者郭晶在她的“封城日记”中记录了作为在武汉独居的外来女性，在封城期间的真实生活体验和心理感受。日记在网络上发布后曾多次遭删除，后在其它平台重新发布而得以被阅读和流传。unCoVer疫中人第2期翻译了郭晶在“有点田园”播客上于另一位女权主义行动派肖美丽的对话。
[7] The Unrecorded | 未被记录的Ta们
Due to the lack of medical care resources, some patients suspected of coronavirus infection could not be diagnosed and treated. After death, they were only filed with death causes like “severe pneumonia” or “viral pneumonia.” “The Unrecorded” collects information about suspected COVID-19 patients who died in the outbreak to leave a memory beyond official statistics. Website: https://cutt.ly/dtiv9qG
由于医护资源一度紧缺，部分疑似新冠病毒感染患者未能得到确诊和收治，身故后仅以“重症肺炎”、“病毒性肺炎”等死因进行归档。“未被记录的Ta们”搜集疫情中未被官方数据记录的疑似新型冠状病毒患者死亡案例，以留下一份官方统计数字之外的记忆。
[8] Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence |《脆弱不安的生命：哀悼与暴力的力量》
In this profound appraisal of post-9/11 America, Judith Butler reflects on the United States’ foreign policies and calls for a deeper understanding of how mourning and violence might instead inspire solidarity and a quest for global justice. Butler argues that in post-9/11 America, certain deaths are not deemed grievable because their “Otherized” lives are not considered human.
朱迪斯·巴特勒在《脆弱不安的生命》一书中分析和反思了9·11事件后的美国社会，批评了美国当局侵略性的外交政策，呼吁人们深入认识哀悼与暴力的力量，理解它们如何有可能促成团结并鼓舞人们追求全球正义。巴特勒提出，谁被认为是合乎规范的人，这一问题与谁的死亡值得哀悼有关。在他者化的话语下，某些人的生命无法被正当地哀悼。
[9] Citizen Lab
The Citizen Lab is an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto. It focuses on research, development, and high-level strategic policy and legal engagement at the intersection of information and communication technologies, human rights, and global security. On March 3, 2020, the Citizen Lab website published a report titled “Censored Contagion: How Information on the Coronavirus is Managed on Chinese Social Media.” Website: https://citizenlab.ca/
Citizen Lab是位于多伦多大学Munk全球事务与公共政策学院的跨学科实验室，致力于研究、开发信息和通信技术、人权和全球安全。Citizen Lab于3月3日发表了一份名为“被审查的传染：对新冠病毒相关信息在中国社交媒体上的管控”的报告。
[10] Doctor Li Wenliang | 李文亮医生
Li Wenliang (12 October 1986 – 7 February 2020) was a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital. On December 30, 2019, he warned his colleagues in a WeChat group about a new “SARS-like pneumonia” -- which was later proven to be COVID-19. On January 3, 2020, Wuhan police summoned and admonished him for "spreading rumors on the Internet." Later, when his early warnings were exposed to the public, he was recognized as the “whistleblower” (chui shao ren 吹哨人) for the novel coronavirus epidemic. In its original Chinese context, this epithet is a praise of Li’s foresight and alertness that alarmed many of his colleagues when critical public attention was meager. Not long after returning to work, Li contracted the virus from an infected patient and died from it on February 7, 2020. His death resulted in waves of anger and grief on the Internet.
李文亮曾任武汉中心医院眼科医生。2019年12月31日，他在微信的同学群中发布信息称：“华南水果海鲜市场确诊了7例SARS，在我们医院急诊科隔离”。此后，李文亮被医院监察科约谈，并以“在互联网发布不实言论”为名被派出所训诫，在1月3日签署了一份对“违法问题”警示的《训诫书》。不久，李文亮在接诊过程中被感染。此事被报道后，李文亮医生先是被媒体、继而被广大民众称为此次疫情的“吹哨人”。2020年2月7日凌晨，武汉中心医院宣布李文亮医生因感染新型冠状病毒去世。由此展开一轮夹杂着愤怒和悲痛情绪的大规模悼念。
Grey Lines with Black, Blue and Yellow, c. 1923
by Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986)
Editors | Joyce, Lili, Bernice, Natasha
Proofreader | Huiyin
Typesetting | Lili
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