新人教版高中英语必修三知识清单，非常全面！（预习必看）
Unit 1
***知识清单***
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
一、单词变形
1.congratulate (v. 祝贺)
→congratulation (n. 祝贺)
2.religion (n. 宗教)
→religious (adj. 宗教的）
3.joy (n. 高兴)
→joyful (adj. 高兴的)
4.agriculture (n. 农业)
→agricultural (adj. 农业的)
5.decorate (v. 装饰)
→decoration (n. 装饰)
6.significant (adj. 重要的)
→significance (n. 重要性)
7.medium (n.媒介;手段;方法)
→media (pl. 媒介;手段;方法)
8. reflect (v.显示;反映;反射)
→reflection (n.反射;沉思;映像)
9.typical (adj.典型的)
→typically (adv.典型地)
→type (n.类型）
10.wrestle (v.摔跤；奋力对付)
→wrestling (n.摔跤运动)
→ wrestler (n.摔跤运动员）
11.origin (n.起源)
→original (adj.原来的；首创的）
12.belief (n.信心；信仰）
→believe（v.相信)
13.faith (n.宗教信仰；相信)
→faithful (adj.忠诚的)
14.horror (n.惊恐)
→horrible (adj.惊恐的）
15.grateful (adj.感激的)
→gratitude (n.感激）
二、重点单词
1.congratulate vt. 向某人道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪
congratulate sb. on ...因某事祝贺某人。
I come here to congratulate you on your promotion.
我来这儿是来祝贺您升职的。
→ congratulations n. 祝贺；贺喜
(1)向某人祝贺: congratulations to sb
(2)为某事（向某人）表示祝贺congratulations to sb on sth
(3)（因某事）向某人致以祝贺: offer/ send one’s congratulations to sb on sth
祝贺你通过了考试。
Congratulations on your passing the examination
2.range n. 一系列，范围、界限vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化
(1)广泛的 a wide range of
(2)在......的范围内 in/within range of
(3)包括从......到......之间 range from …to….
3.grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的
(1)因某事而感激某人be grateful to sb on sth
(2)因做某事而感激: be grateful to do sth
(3)感激......be grateful that
(4)如果你在收到这封信后能确认的话，我将万分感激。
4.decorate v. 装饰；装潢
（1）用......装饰......decorate….with….
（2）装饰着；be decorated with
On my eighth birthday party I received a pencil box decorated with some cartoon pictures on the top.
→ decoration n. 装饰
舞台装饰: stage decoration
5.significant adj. 有重大意义的；显著的
（1）一个重大成就: a significant achievement
（2）一个有重大意义的发现. A highly significant discovery
（3）......很重要:It is significant that….
→ significance n. 重要
The discovery is of significance, as it will help us realise what really happened in that area.
6.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的；平常的
(1)是......的特点: be typical of
(2)做某事是某人的特征， 某人一贯: it is/was typical of sb to do sth
(3)穿着典型的中国服装: in the typical Chinese dress
这幅画是他早期作品中非常典型的代表作.
This painting is fairly typical of his early work.
7.reflect vt. 显示；反映；反射
(1)反映......的意见 reflect the views of….
(2)反映在......中 be reflected in
(3)认真思考: reflect on/upon
(4)As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected.
8. occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会
(1)偶尔: on occasion=occasionally
(2)此时、彼时: on this/that occasion
(3)正式场合: a formal occasion
我很少有时间和孩子们在一起。
Occasions are quiet rare when I have time to spend with my kids.
9. respect n/vt. 尊敬；尊重
(1)因 某事而敬佩某人respect sb for sth
(2)赢得某人的尊敬 win/ gain/ one’s respect
(3)尊重某人:show/ have respect for sb
(4)尊重地 with respect
(5)出于尊敬out of respect
→ respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的
→ respectful adj. 表示敬意的；有礼貌
We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or elders.
三、重点短语
1. dress up 穿上盛装；装扮
(1)穿着......（表示状态）be dressed in
(2)给别人（或自己）穿衣服: dress sb
(3)穿好衣服:get dressed
(4)不管你的自我感觉如何，站起来，穿上盛装，融入生活中去。
No matter how you feel, get up, dress up and show up.
2. over time 随着时间的推移；久而久之
(1)立即，马上 in no time
(2)偶尔，有时: from time to time
(3)随着时间的推移as time passes/ goes by
3. take advantage of... 利用；欺骗；占......的便宜
(1)充分利用take full advantage of
(2)利用机会take advantage of an opportunity
(3)利用做某事的机会take advantage of the opportunity to do sth
(5)如果你还有任何问题或怀疑，请利用这些。
Please take advantage of these if you have any questions or doubts.
4. have sth in common（兴趣、想法等方便）相同；有相同的特征
(1)有许多共同之处: have much/ a lot in common
(2)没什么共同之处: have little/nothing in common
(3)和......有共同之处: in common with
(4)它们的共同之处是把娱乐和学习结合在一起。
What they all have in common is that they combine fun with learning.
四、重点句子
1. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
然而，无论节日多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。
2. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
3. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。
4. Families celebrating the Lunar New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals.
庆祝农历新年的家庭可以尽情感受令人兴奋的舞龙和狂欢节。
5. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing and sports.
庆祝活动主要是游行和丰盛的宴席，载歌载舞，并伴有体育活动。
6. The festival falls on /is celebrated on the forth day of the lunar calendar，usually lasting for three days.
这一节日于每年农历刘月初四开始,通常持续三天。
7. I’m finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.
我现在已经回到家了，感到十分疲惫，但能和朋友一起庆祝那达幕，再累也是值得的。
五、重点句式
1. with 复合结构
教材原句
(1)节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动进行促销。
Festival are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses ______ _____ ______the celebrations.
(2)由于路上没有行使的车辆， 这个地方非常的安静。
With no cars running on the road, the place was quiet.
(3)所有东西都买完了，这个女人回家。
With everything bought , the woman went home.
2. make it+adj/n+for sb to do sth
教材原句
(1)购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。
Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
句式仿写
(2)这个想法旨在促使美元贬值以使农民能够更容易还清他们的债务。
The idea was to devalue the dollar and make it easier for farmers to pay their debts.
3. it作形式主语的句式总结
教材原句
(1)走在街上，享受着轻松的气氛，真是太有趣了！
It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relating atmosphere.
句式仿写
(2)对我们高中生来说，学好英语是很重要的。
It is important for us senior high school students to study English well.
(3)他肯定会参加明天举行会议。
It is quite certain that he will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
4. have been doing
教材原句
(1)他们是马背上长大的。
They have been riding horses all their lives.
句式仿写
(2) 两个多月来，他们一直在建桥。
They have been building the bridge for more than two months.
(3)她很累。她整个上午都在工作。
She is very tired, She has been working all the morning.
5. as if 引导方式状语从句
教材原句
(1)......、选手们舞动着......在空中挥舞着手臂，宛如雄鹰。
The competitors danced….. waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles.
句式仿写
(2)那位女士看着那个男孩，好像她是他的母亲一样。
The lady looks at the boy as if she were his mother.
(3)他摇头好像不同意这个观点。
She shook his head as if he didn’t agree with this idea.
Unit 2
***知识清单***
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
一、重点单词
(1) dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
1.面临左右为难的境地：face a dilemma
2.处于进退两难的境地: be in dilemma
3.道德困境: a moral dilemma
研讨会上这位专家的缺席使我们进退两难。
The expert’s absence from the seminar puts us in a dilemma.
她进退两难， 不知该留在学校还是找份工作。
She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
(2)major adj.主要的 n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生 vi.主修
There is a major problem with parking in London.
在伦敦,停车是个很大的问题。
He is a history major.
他是主修历史的学生。
International Business is my major.
国际贸易时我的主修课。
She majored in maths and physics at university.
她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
→ majority n 大部分；大多数
1.大多数: the majority of
2.占多数: be in the majority
When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the majority of the students in the class were in favor of it.
(3)complain vi/vt抱怨；发牢骚
1. 抱怨，投诉某事: complain to sb about sth
2. We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip.
→ complaint n.抱怨，投诉
他一直向我抱怨充满压力的生活。
He is always making a complaint to me about the stressful life.
You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。
(4)respond v.回答；回复 做出回应；回应,反应；回答；回复
对......做出回应: respond to
→ response n.回应，回复
1.对......没做出回应: make no response to
2对......的回应: in response to
These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen
He made no response to my question, and went on with his movie.
(5)hire vt.聘任；雇用 租用 n. 租借；租用
1.（短期）出租某物 hire sth out
2.雇用某人做某事: hire sb to do sth
3. Running a company is not simply a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.
→ fire vt 开除，解雇
(6)reject v. 拒绝接受；不录用 n. 废品，次品
1.拒绝接受某人的想法、建议、计划:reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan
2.拒绝接受一个论点、一个决定、一项提议reject an argument/ a decision/an offer
3.He was quite depressed to find his suggestion rejected at the meeting.
→ rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
(7)appointed adj. 指定的，约定的
He wasn't there at the appointed time.
他没有在指定的时间在那里。
→ appoint vt任命；委派
1.派某人任某职appoint sb to sth
2.任命某人（担任）...... appoint sb as
3.派某人做某事appoint sb to do sth:
4.约定时间、地点做某事: appoint a time /place for sth/to do sth
→ appointment约定，约会；任命。委任
1.和某人约会：have an appointment with sb
2.预约: make an appointment
3.按照约定: by appointment.
(8)retire vi/vt退休；退职；退出
1.从......退休: retire from ...
2.从......职位退休: retire as ...
3.退休教师: a retired teacher
→ retirement退休、退休生活
退休年龄:retirement age
(9)scary恐怖的，吓人的
1.恐怖一刻: a scary moment
2.恐怖片: a scary movie
→ scare惊吓；使害怕 vi受惊吓
1.恐吓某人做某事: scare sb into doing sth
2.把......吓跑: scare…..off/away
→ scared 害怕的；对......感到惊慌或恐惧的
害怕做某事: be scared of sth/ be scared to do sth
(10)sharp adj. 急剧的；锋利的；明显的
1.锋利的刀: a sharp knife
2.锋利的牙齿: sharp teeth
3.价格急剧上涨、下跌: a sharp increase/ fall in prices
4.头脑敏锐的新闻记者: a journalist with a sharp mind
→ sharply adv. 锋利地；敏锐地；急剧地
The price of petrol is increased sharply since last month
→ sharpen vt.使变锋利；使提高
Ann sharpened her pencil and wrote down the instructions in her notebook.
(11)energy n. 精力，能源
1.充满活力: be full of energy
2.把精力投入到某事中: apply/devote/put one’s energy to sth
→ energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
1.保持活力；keep energetic
2.热情支持者: an energetic supporter
3.The teenagers in our town are lively, enthusiastic and energetic.
→ energetically adv. 积极地；精力充沛地
(12)replace 接替；取代；更换,取代，代替
1.用B取代A: replace A with B
2.被......取代; be replaced by...
3.取代某人当: replace sb as ...
4.The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
5.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
(13)operator n. 操作者，经营者
I am a computer operator.
我是一名计算机操作人员。
→ operate vi.动手术；操作；经营
The doctor began to operate on the boy.
医生开始给那个男孩动手术。
The lift doesn't operate properly.
这台电梯运转不正常。
→ operation n. 手术；企业；经营
1.在运行: in operation
2.使......运转、启动: put sth into operation
3.投入运营: come into operation
4.给某人做手术: have an operation on sb
5.Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
(14)whisper v.i & n. 悄声说；耳语；低语 耳语声；低语声；传言；谣传
1.密谈某事：whisper about sth
2.对某人窃窃私语:whisper to sb
3.有人私下说: It is whispered that
4.低声地: in a whisper
5.常见的后接双宾语的结构
向某人解释: explain sth to sb
向某人宣布: announce sth to sb
向某人介绍: introduce sth to sb
向某人提议: suggest sth to sb
向某人报告: report sth to sb
6.Mum whispered to us, “be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
(15)assist vt帮助；援助
协助某人做某事: assist sb with/in sth
如果你能协助我们做这项工作，它很快就能完成。
Provided that you assist us with/in the job, it can be done quickly.
→ assistant助手；助理
店员: a shop assistant
→ assistance援助，帮助；辅助设备
1.在某人的帮助下: with the assistance of sb
2.给某人以援助: give/ offer assistance to sb
(16)spill vt/vi (spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled) 使洒出；使溢出
1.喷涌出来: spill out
2.倾诉: spill sth out
3.溢出: spill over
4.涌向街头: spill into street.
(17)harm n/vt. 伤害；损害
1.对......有害的：do/cause harm to
2.无恶意，无意伤害: mean no harm/ not mean any harm
3.没有受到伤害、损害 come to no harm
4.对......无害、有很大害处: do no/ great/ much/ a lot of harm to
5.做某事无妨、无害: there is no harm in ding sth. / It does no harm to do sth
6.不要吃太多药，吃多了弊大于利。
Don’t take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you do.
→ harmful adj. 有害的，无害的
→ harmless adj. 无害的
二、重点短语
1.carry sb through sth.帮助某人渡过难关；完成；
(1)实行；履行: carry out
(2)继续......: carry on with/on doing sth
(3)运走；使失去自制力: carry away
(4)使某人回忆起（某事）: carry sb back to sth
(5)The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall through and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
(6)经理们讨论了他们希望看到明年实施的计划。
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
2.tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
(1)照顾 照料: tend to sb/sth
(2)有......的趋势，倾向于......、tend towards
(3)He tends to get disappointed when failing the exam.
(4)Mum was always tending to my younger sister during the night and she tended to have less sleep.
3.first aid
(1)（对某人）实施急救: do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb
(2)帮某人的忙: come to one’s aid==come to the aid of sb
(3)为了帮助: in aid of
(4)在......、的帮助下. With the aid of
(5)帮助某人做某事aid sb in doing sth
(6)在某方面帮助某人: aid sb with sth
4.pass away 去世（委婉说法）
(1)经过: pass by
(2)转交；转给: pass …. on
(3)把......传给后人: pass down
(4)刚才你看到有个穿黑衣服的人经过吗？
Did you see a man in black pass by just now
5.in memory of 作为对......的纪念
(1)In+名词+of 类短语
庆祝: in celebration of
赞美，歌颂: in praise of
寻找: in search of
负责；掌管: in charge of
支持: in support of…
支持；赞同: in favour of
拥有: in possession of
需要: in need of
代替: in place of
就......而言: in terms of
纪念: in honor of
(2)The library was built in memory of the scientist who had made significant contributions to society,
6.in tears 留着泪
(1)突然大哭起来：burst into tears==burst out crying
(2)眼里充满泪水: be filled with tears
(3)使某人流泪、沉默: reduced sb to tears/silence
(4)把某人感动的流泪: moved sb to tears
(5)几乎落泪: be close to tears
(6)忍住泪水: hold back one’s tears
7. a great deal of 大量
(1)学习了很多: learn a great of..
(2)对某人了解很多；know a great deal about sb
(3)感觉好多了: feel a great deal better
(4)意义重大: mean a great deal
(5)A great deal of work has been done to improve our living environment so far..
三、重点句式
1.Not only….but also…..
教材原句
( 1 )When you listen. you should pay attention not only to the words but also to how the speaker is talking.
当你听得时候，你不仅要注意语句，而且要注意说话人是怎么说话的。
（2）Not only I but also he attaches the importance of recycling garbage.
不仅我而且他也认为循环利用垃圾很重要。
她不仅为老人提供了食宿，而且为他买了单程票。
（3）Not only had she provided, but also the old man with accommodations, ____ she had bought a single for him.
2.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
(1) Think about what you would do if you were ever faced with the same situation as the girl.
想想如果你遭遇和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做？
(2). If Newton _lived__ today, he would be surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.
如果牛顿生活在现在，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。
3. 否定词+比较级+than......没有......比......、更加......
（1） 对一个人来说， 没有比生命更珍贵......
To a person, nothing is more precious than their life.
(2) 我认为没什么比读书更令人愉快的。
I think nothing is more pleasant than reading.
4. 独立结构
教材原句
（1）过了一会，一群女人走了过来，每个人头顶上顶着一罐水。
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.
句式仿写
（2）一天， 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.
Unit 3
***知识清单***
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
一、重点单词
1.diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的
→ diversity n. 差异（性）；不同点；多样性
(1)各种各样: a diversity of ...
我知道每个国家都有它自己的文化，价值观和法律，我们都应该尊重这种差异。
I understand every country has its own culture, values, and laws, and we should all respect the diversity.
2. fortune n. 机会，运气
(1)有幸做某事: have a good fortune to do sth
(2)碰运气: try one’s fortune
(3)发财: make a fortune
(4)外出寻找发财机会: seek one’s fortune
在澳大利亚发现黄金这件事使成千上万的人相信要发财了。
The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to be made.
→ fortunate adj. 幸运的,吉祥的
→ fortunately adv. 幸运地
-你听说市场发生的那场火灾了吗？
-Have you heard about that fire in the market.
-听说了，幸运的是没有人受伤。
-Yes , fortunately no one was hurt.
3.admit vi/vt 承认 vt 准许进入
(1)某人被大学录取: admit sb to/into college
(2) 承认做错了某事: admit doing / having done sth wrong
(3)承认做某事: admit to doing sth.
(4)（向某人）承认admit(to sb ) that…
(5)承认某事: admit to sth
如果你离开俱乐部， 你将不会被允许回来。
If you leave the club, you will not be admitted back in.
→ admission 允许；入场费
4.definite adj. 明确的；肯定的
(1)明确的计划、结论: a definite plan/ conclusion
(2)给某人明确的答复: give sb a definite answer
(3)定个确切的日期；fix a definite date
(4)对......有把握: be definite about...
→ definitely adv.肯定；确实
→ indefinitely adv.不明确地
5.occur vi.发生；出现；被想到
(1)（注意或想法）被想到: sth occur to sb
(2)某人想到: It occurs to sb that
(3)某人想到某事: It occurs to sb to do sth
我从未想过你会成功的说服他改变他的想法。
It never occurred to me that you could succeeded in persuading him to change his mind.
→ occurrence n 发生；发生的事情
6. selected adj. 挑选出来的
(1)被选拔做某事: be selected to do sth
(2)被 选作......: be selected as/to be
→ select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
(1)从......中选出：select from
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is a difficult task because technology is changing so rapidly.
→ selection n选择，挑选；选集；精选品
7. claim vt/n. 夺取（生命）；宣称；断言
(1)声称做某事: claim to do sth
(2)声称做过某事: claim to hve done sth
(3)要回某事: claim sth back
(4)索赔: make a claim
(5)有人声称......，据说......: it is claimed that
So far nobody has claimed the money back discovered in the library.
8.minority n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人
(1)少量。少数: a minority of
(2)......中的少数: the minority of
(3)占少数: in a/the minority
(4)只有极少数人支持这项计划。
Only a small minority of people were in favor of the plan.
Less than 30 percent of the employees in the company are women. That is to say, women are in a/the minority( 占少数).
→ minor adj. 较小的
9. escape vi/vt.逃走；逃开；避开 vi/vt（气体、液体）漏出；被忘掉、被忽视。未被注意（不用于被动语态）n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
(1)从......逃跑、漏出: escape from
(2)逃到......: escape to…
(3)逃脱做某事: escape doing sth
(4)逃脱惩罚: escape punishment=escape being punished
(5)死里逃生: have a narrow escape
那时任何人都逃不出的监狱。
It was a prison from which no one escaped.
二、重点短语
1.head to （朝......）前进：（向......）去
(1)朝......出发，动身: head for
(2)趋于: head down
(3)事先考虑、计划: think/plan ahead
(4)在......前面。早于: ahead of
他们去埃及之前。留下了所有的东西。
They left everything before they headed to Egypt.
2. seek one’s fortune
(1)寻找，寻求: seek for
(2)征求意见、寻求帮助: seek advice/help
(3)设法做某事: seek to do sth
(4)挑选出。物色到: seek out
At last Joanna was so unhappy that she asked her father whether she might go out into the world and seek her fortune.
3.earn ones living 谋生
(1)谋生的其他表达：earn one’s bread make one’s/ a living
He earned himself living by growing cash crops.
4.bring about- 引起：导致
(1)导致、引起的多种表达：result in / contribute to/ lead to
(2)bring 的其他短语：
1.养育，抚养，提出，呕吐: bring up
2.带回；使回忆起，恢复: bring back
3.降低，减少: bring down
4.将......提前，提出: bring forward
5.引入；赚的:bring in
6.使显现，使表现出: bring out
一些人怕空气污染可能造成世界的天气变化。
Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.
5.apart from( especially /aside from )除了......外（还）；此外
1.除了（不包括）: apart from/except(for )
2.除了（还......）（包括）apart from/besides/in addition to
Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
三、重点句式
1. It is likely that ….......很可能......
教材原句
(1)美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
(2)雅各布很可能不喜欢这项计划。
It is likely that Jacob will dislike the plan.
= Jacob is very likely to dislike the plan.
小结：it is likely/possible/probable that ….
It is possible for sb to do sth
Sb/sth is likely to do sth
Likely 的主语可以是人或物，也可以是形式主语it；而 possible probable 通常只能用it 作形式主语。
2. can’t wait to do sth
=can hardly wait to do sth
句式仿写
1.The party was boring --- we couldn’t wait to make our escape
句式拓展
忍不住做某事：can’t help doing sth
不能帮忙做某事: can’t help do sth
不得不做某事; can’t help but do sth
I can’t help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.
3.One of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+定语从句
教材原句
1.云南省绝对是我去过的最多样化的省份之一。
Yunnan Province is definitely one of the most diverse provinces that I have ever been to.
句式改写
2.我去过的奥克兰最令人兴奋的之一是天空塔。
One of the most exciting sights in Auckland that I have ever been to is the Sky Tower.
Unit 4
***知识清单***
Unit 4 Space Exploration
一、重点单词
1.determine v.查明；确定；决定
(1)确定失火的原因: determine the cause of fire
(2)确定：determine that ...
(3)决定做某事: determine to do sth.
(4)使某人下决心做某事: determine sb to do sth.
(5)决定: determine on/upon sth.
→ determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态)
→ determination n. 决心；决定
2.disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
(1)对某事感到失望: be disappointed at/by sth
(2)对某人感到失望: be disappointed with/in sb
(3)因做某事而感到失望: be disappointed to do sth
(4)因......而感到失望: be disappointed that ...
→disappoint vt. 使失望
→disappointment n. 失望
令某人失望的是: to one’s disappointment
→disappointing adj. 令人失望的
→disappointedly adv. 失望地
3.independent adj. 独立的；自立的
independently adv. 独立地；自立地
(1)独立的国家: an independent country
(2)变得独立: become independent
(3)使某人自立: make sb independant
(4)不依赖: be independent of
→ independently adv. 独立地；自立地
→ independence n. 独立(之日)；自主；自立
4．lack vt. 没有；缺乏
(1)缺乏信心:lack confidence
lack n. 缺乏；短缺
(1)不乏某物: no lack for...
(2)缺乏......:lack of ...
(3)因缺乏......: for lack of ...
(4)不乏......: there is no lack of ...
→ lacking adj. 缺乏的；短缺的
缺乏......: be lacking in
5.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
(1)渴望做某事: be keen to do sth
(2)对做某事着迷；热衷于做某事: be keen on sth
(3)渴望......（从句谓语常用should +do ath）be keen that
(4)对......有敏锐的眼光: have a keen eye for
→ keenly adv. 热切地
→ keenness n. 热切；渴望
6.argue vt/vi 论证；争辩；争论
(1)与某人争辩某事: argue with sb about/over sth
(2)提出理由支持、反对: argue for/against
(3)说服某人做某事、不做某事: argue sb into/out of doing sth
(4)为那位可怜的老人辩护:argue for the poor old man
(5)反对捕鲸: argue against hunting whales.
(6)主张......认为......；争辩道......argue that….
→ argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with sb 与某人争吵
beyond argument 无可争辩
settle an argument 解决争端
7.regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的
定期访问: regular visit
→ regularly adv. 经常；定期地
定期锻炼: take/do exercise regularly
8.attach vt. 系；绑；贴
(1)把......固定在/附在......上: attach ...to ...
(2)认为......很重要、重视......: attach importance to ...
→attached adj. 依恋的
be attached to ... 附属于......；依恋......
9.signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
signal (to) sb to_do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (sb) that ... 发信号/示意……
a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
traffic signals 交通信号
a/the signal for ……的信号
send/give out a signal 发出信号
10.limited adj. 有限的
be limited to 受限于……
→limit v. 限制；限定
limit ... to 限制……在(……范围内)
→limit n. 限制；限度
set a limit to 限定范围在……
there is a/no limit_to……是有限/无限的
within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制
二、重点短语
1.carry on 继续做，坚持做
(1)从事某事: carry sth
(2)继续某事: carry on with sth
(3)继续做某事: carry on doing sth.
2.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3.in the hope of doing sth 抱着做某事的希望
(1)抱着......的希望:in the hope that +从句
(2)希望做某事hope to do sth
(3)希望......hope that 从句
4.so as to do sth 为了；以便
5.弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白: figure out
(1)认为......figure that…
(2)身材好: have a good figure
6.result in ... 导致；造成
result from... 由……而引起的
as a result 结果(在句中作状语)
as a result of... 因为，由于(＝because of)
without result 毫无结果，徒劳
7.run out 用完；耗尽（不及物）
用完、耗尽（及物）: run out of
三、重点句式
1.非常......以至于......be+adj+enough to do
教材原句
(1)首先， 你必须足够聪明才能获得相关大学学位。
First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
句式仿写
(2)他很强壮，能举起这个重箱子。
He was strong enough to lift the heavy box.
2.第一个做......、的......
教材原句
(1)尤里’加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
句式仿写
(2)安迪和鲁比累的喘不过气来， 他们第一登上了泰山。
Tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
3.This /that is because…..
(1)这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们依然相信进行太空探索的重要性
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
(2)座头鲸有时被称为海洋的表演者。这是因为他们潜水时能做出令人印象深刻的动作。
Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.
4.So that +目的状语从句
教材原句
在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水， 这样它们后期就可以循环利用了。
In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.
句式仿写
他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免被耽搁。
They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won’t be delayed.
5.It takes ….to do sth 花费......做某事
教材原句
1.......、到达离地球最近的行星----火星以及往返，需要两年多的时间。
It would take over two years to get to the closet planet, Mars, and back.
句式仿写
3.我花了很多的时间在网站上搜索有用的信息。
It took me much time to search for useful information on the website.
Unit 5
***知识清单***
Unit 5 The Value of Money
一、重点单词
1.basis n.基础；根据；基点
(1)在......的基础上；根据......on the basis of
(2)定期的: on a regular basis
(3)The present Olympic Games are held every four years on a regular basis.
→ base n.基地 vt.以......为基础
→ basic adj. 根本的，基本的
2.apologize v.道歉
(1)因做某事而向某人道歉 apologize to sb for sth/ make an apology to sb for sth.
(2)He apologized to the teacher for his missing the lesson.
→ apology n 道歉
接受、拒绝道歉 accept/refuse an apology
因做某事而向某人道歉 make an apology to sb for sth.
3.ignore vt 忽视；对......不予理会
(1)无视交通规则: ignore traffic rules
(2)不理会某人的建议: ignore one’s advice
(3)不顾个人的安危: ignore personal safety
Not knowing a single person at the party, he felt ignored by all the people present.
→ ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
对......无知: be ignorant of/about sth.
→ ignorance adj.无知；愚昧
出于无知: out of/through ignorance
4.judge vt/vi. 评价；评判；判断 n. 法官；审判员；裁判员
(1)决不要以貌取人: Never judge a person by their looks. / Don’t judge a book by its cover.
(2)根据他的口音来判断: judging from/ by his accent
(3)根据我的判断: as far as I can judge
If you brain judges the information important, it places it in your memory “ files”.
→ judgement n. 判断，评判
（就......）做出评价 make a judgement
5.scene n. 场；现场；场面；景色
(1)事故现场: the scene of the accident
(2)在后台；（喻）在幕后 behind the scenes
(3)出现。到场，在场 on the scene
警察立刻赶到了现场。
The police were on the scene immediately.
→ scenic adj. 风景优美的
6.bet n. 打赌；赌注（bet/ bet）vi/vt
(1)和某人打个赌: make a bet with sb
bet vi/vt. 打赌；赌注（bet/ bet）
(1)当然、肯定；you bet
(2)对某事打赌，在某事上下赌注: bet on sth
You can put a bet on almost anything these days.
7.sail vi/vt. 航行（人）乘船航行
(1)乘船环游世界: sail around the world
(2)乘船横渡大西洋: sail across the Atlantic
(3)启程前往: set sail for
→ sailor n. 船员，水手
He was a sailor and an adventure.
8.spot n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹
(1)当下；当场；在现场: on the spot = on the scene
(2)一些血渍: a few spots of blood
(3)海滩上一个安静的地方: a quiet spot on the beach.
→ spot vt. 看见；注意到；发现；
(1)看到某人、某物正在做某事: spot sb/sth doing sth
He was spotted and rescued at sea by accident by a british ship and landed in London.
9.dare vi/modal v 胆敢；敢于 作情态动词，多用于否定句和疑问句中
(1)不敢做...... dare not ( daren’t) do….
(2)我/你/他敢......？Dare I/ he/you…?
(3)你竟敢......How dare you…?
(4)我想；很可能；大概: I dare say
Dare 作实义动词；在人称、数、和时态等形式变化上与其他实义动词相同
(5)敢做......: dare to do
(6)不敢做......: don’t/doesn’t dare to do sth
我敢肯定你从来不敢不听他的。
I’m sure you never dare to go against him.
10.sort n. 种类；类别
(1)各种各样（名词前）all kinds/sorts of
各种各样（名词后）of all sorts
(2)有几分，有点儿，稍微 sort/kind of
→ sort v. 整理; 把…分类;
整理、把......安排好；挑出；解决 sort out
这些鸡蛋按大小分类的。
The eggs are sorted according to size.
11.patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力；
(1)对......几乎没有/没有耐心 have little/no patience with ...
(2)对......失去耐心 lose/run out of patience
(3)耐心地 with patience
She has little patience with such views.
→ patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人
对......有耐心 be patient with...
→ patiently adv. 有耐心地
耐心对待 wait patiently
12.indicate vt/vi. 表明；显示；vt. 象征；暗示
(1)预示好天气 indicate fine weather
(2)正如其名称所示 as the name indicates
(3)表明某人的意图 indicate one’s intention
(4)预示/显示 indicate that….
Yellow indicates that the customer should be alert.
→ indication n. 迹象；标示
有明显的迹象显示...... There are clear indications that….
13.postpone vt. 延迟；延期；延缓
(1)推迟做某事，延迟做某事: postpone/delay/put off doing sth
因为大雨，运动会不得不推迟到下周五举行。
Because of the heavy rain, the sports meeting had to be postponed.
→ 立即，马上 without delay
14. obligation n 义务；职责；责任
(1)有义务，欠人情: be under obligation
(2)履行法律/ 职业/ 财务责任: fulfill one’s legal/ professional/ financial obligation.
(3)道德义务: moral obligation
(4)责任感、义务感: a sense of obligation
We are under no obligation to give him what he wants.
→ obligated adj. 有义务的，有责任的，必须的
(5)感觉不得不做某事: be/feel obligated to do sth
(6)觉得有义务做某事: be/feel obligated to do sth
→ oblige v.迫使，强迫；帮忙，效劳
→ obliged adj. 感谢，感激
如果你能......我将感激不尽。
I would be obliged if you could…
15.intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的
(1)故意地:by intention
(2)为了，目的是: with the intention of
→ intend v 打算。计划；意指
打算做某事: intend to do/doing sth
→ intended adj 打算的、计划的。
为......打算（或设计）的: be intended for/to do sth
The plane has been kept in service far longer than originally intended.
16. nowhere adv 无处；哪里都不
(1)不可能找到/看见nowhere to be found/seen
(2)远没有；远不及: nowhere near
Nowhere 位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词be提到主语前面
那个老人疲惫不堪，连睡觉的地方也没有。
That old man was exhausted and had nowhere to sleep.
17. extent n 程度；限度；大小；范围
(1)在某种程度上: to some extent== to a certain extent/ to an extent
(2)在很大程度上: to great/large extent.
(3)在更大程度上: to a greater extent
To an extent, that is the reason for the meeting.
18. duty n. 责任；义务；职责；值班
(1)尽职责: perform/carry out one’s duty
(2)值班；值勤: on duty
(3)下班；不执勤: off duty
(4)做某事是某人的职责: it’s one’s duty to do sth
During the Olympic Games there were 2,250 police on duty in and around the stadium.
19.hesitate vi 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
(1)对某事犹豫不决:hesitate about/over sth
(2)毫不犹豫做某事: don’t/never hesitate to do sth
→ hesitation n 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑；
毫不迟疑地，毫不犹豫地: without hesitation
To our surprise, the servant agreed to go to the opera without hesitation.
20.manner n 举止；行为方式；方法
(1)以一种......的方式/方法: in a ... manner
(2)用一种非常好的方式: in a very friendly manner
She behaves in an odd manner.
→ manners n 礼貌；礼仪
(1)餐桌礼仪: table manners
(2)注意某人的举止: mind one’s manners
(3)做某事是不礼貌的: it is bad manners to do sth
It’s good manners to arrive on time.
21.option n 可选择的事物；选择；选择权
(1)可以选择做某事: have the option of doing sth
(2)别无选择，只好做某事: have no option but to do sth
→ optional adj 可选择的，非强制的
上选修课: take optional courses
According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is optional.
22.normal adj. 典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的，n 常态；通常标准；一般水平
(1)正常体温: normal temperature
(2)高于/低于正常水平: above/below normal
(3)恢复正常: return to normal
→ normally adv. 正常地；通常
In spite of the strike, the airports are working normally.
→ abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的
23.willing adj 愿意；乐意
(1)愿意做某事: be willing to do
(2)主动帮忙的人: willing helpers
I am very willing to assist if needed.
→ willingness n. 愿意；乐意。
→ unwilling adj. 不乐意的
不乐意做某事: be unwilling to do sth
24.permission n. 准许；许可；批准；许可证
(1)请求许可：ask for permission
(2)经/未经某人许可: with/without one’s permission
→ permit vt/vi 允许；准许；使有可能 n 通行证，许可证。
(3)允许某人做某事: permit sb to do sth
(4)允许做某事: permit doing sth
(5)申请旅行/停车/出口许可证: apply for a travel/ a parking/an export permit
Smoking is not permitted in the office.
二、重点短语
1.作为回报；作为回应： in return
(1)作为对......的回报: in return for
(2)相应地；转而；依次: in turn
(3)What can I do in return for your help?
2.As a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的
事实上 : in fact / Actually
3.更糟的是：to make matters worse
他上班没赶上火车。更糟糕的是，他把公文包落在家里了。
He missed the train to work. To make matters worse, he left his briefcase at home.
4.怎么了？What’s the matter?
5.by accident 偶然地；意外地
同义: by chance
反义: by design/ on purpose/ deliberately
我偶然发现后面跟着一辆警车。
I spotted a police car behind by accident
4.To be honest 说实话；坦率地说
==honestly speaking（插入语）
to be frank 坦率地说
to be exact 确切地说
坦白地说，成为科学家不是一件容易的事情！
Frankly speaking, it’s not easy to be easy to be a scientist.
5.ought to 应该；应当
ought to do sth 应该做某事
ought to 的否定式是 ought not to/oughtn.t to ，疑问式是把 ought放在主语前。
她不应该浪费时间。
She oughtn’t to waste time.
6.be about to do sth 即将或正要做某事
be about to do sth when ... 正要做某事，这时（另一件事情发生了）
be on the point of doing sth when ...正要做某事，这时（另一件事情发生了。
was/were doing sth when ... 正要做某事，这时（另一件事情发生了
He was about to close the window when a beautiful flower caught his eye.
7.in case 以防；以防万一
in case 以防万一（后接 句子 ，表示条件）
in case of 万一、如果（后接 名词、代词、动名词 ）
In that case 既然那样，即使那样的话。
in no case 绝不（位于句首时表示强调，句子用部分倒装结构）
as is often the case 情况常常如此（常做非限制性定语从句）:
带把雨伞以防下雨。
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains!
三、重点句式
1. should have done 本应该做（而实际上未做）
教材原句
嗯，我认为陈丽燕还钱是对的，但她本应该接受王提供的钱。
Well, I think that Chen Liyan was correct in returning the money, but she should have accepted the money Wang offered.
句式仿写
你昨天应该告诉我你改变注意了。
You should have told me yesterday that you had changed your mind.
3.Wh-ever/however 引导的状语从句或名词性从句
教材原句
你想神魔时候来就什么时候来，想吃什么就吃什么。
You must come , whenever you want and have whatever you like.
句式仿写
我无论什么时候看到他，他都在看书，
Whenever I see him, he is reading.
3.find+宾语+宾补
教材原句
大约一个月前，我开船出海，傍晚时，一阵大风把我刮到了海上。
About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
句式仿写
我醒来时发现外面的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。
When I woke up ,I found the world outside completely changed.
4. see+宾语+宾补
教材原句
他们看到一个穷困潦倒的年轻人从户外走过。
They see a poor man walking outside their house.
我看到一位老妇人正在过马路。
I saw an old lady crossing the street.
5.强调句型
教材原句
这么说这艘船把你带到了英国。
And it was the ship that brought you to England.
句式仿写
是你的幽默使我放松。
It was your sense of humor that put me at ease.
6.Why don’t you do ….为什么不做......呢？
教材原句
额，为什么不跟我讲讲，这究竟是怎么一回事呢？
Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?
句式仿写
你为何不坐下来尝尝饭菜呢？
7.sb. was about to do sth… when…
教材原句
他正要坐下时。。。
He was about to sit down at the table when…
句式仿写
我正要出门这时桌上的电话响了。
I was about to go out when the telephone on the table rang.
8.状语从句的省略
教材原句
接着，他把钞票对折起来，然后又慢慢摊开，好像在看一个他不相信存在的东西。
Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something.
句式仿写
除非受到邀请，否则你应该在会议上保持沉默。
Unless invited you should remain silent at the meeting.
9.表示否定意义的词位于句首引起倒装。
教材原句
我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票。
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this.
句式仿写
周阳永远不会忘记他在家畅销英文报社的第一项工作任务。
Never will ZhouYang forget his assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
END
写在最后：
期待在下方留言“每日打卡”，让我看到你们的坚持！
转发，是最好的支持
学习之路，现在开始也不晚!
写在最后：
期待在下方留言“每日打卡”，让我看到你们的坚持！
转发，是最好的支持
学习之路，现在开始也不晚!