选择性必修一 Unit2 必背单词和词块
X1U2 必背单词和词块
每天背记一点点 提升成绩很明显
一、背单词与词块
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．phrase n． 短语；词组
2．knob n. 旋钮；球形把手
3．appliance n. 电器；器具
4．remote adj. 远程的；偏远的
5．sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件
6．mode n. 模式；方式；风格
7．abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的
8．cancer n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤
9．leak vi.&vt. 漏；渗漏；透露 n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露
10．relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的
11．nevertheless adv. 尽管如此；不过；然而
12．structure n. 结构；体系 vt. 系统安排；精心组织
13．artificial adj. 人工的；人造的；假的
14．clone vt. 克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制 n. 克隆动物(或植物)
15．hence adv. 因此；由此
16．deceased adj. 已死的；亡故的
17．rural adj. 乡村的；农村的
18．luxury n. 奢华
19．paragraph n. 段；段落
20．signpost n. 路标
21．essay n. 文章
22．librarian n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．switch vt. 转换；交换 vi.& vt. (使)改变；转变 n. 开关；转换器；改变
2．routine n. 常规；正常顺序 adj. 常规的；日常的
3．command n. 指令；命令；控制 vt.命令；控制
4．obeyvi.& vt. 服从；遵守
5．fantasy n. 幻想；想象
6．available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的
7．forecast vt.& n. 预测；预报
8．cease vi.& vt. (使)停止；终止
9．advocate vt. 提倡；支持；拥护
n. 提倡者；支持者；拥护者
10．career n. 职业；事业
11．prospect n. 可能性；前景
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．persuade vt.劝说；说服→persuasion n．劝说；说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的
2．distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distance n．距离
3．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护→security n．安全工作；保护措施
4．automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地；机械地；无意识地
5．integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的
6．efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地；效率高地→efficiency n．效率
7．prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿→preference n．爱好；偏爱
8．instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→instantly adv.即刻地；马上地
9．warn vt.警告；提醒注意→warning n．警告；警示；先兆
10．constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的 n．常数；常量→constantly adv.经常地；不断地
11．criticize v．批评→critical adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的→criticism n．批评；责备→critic n．批评家；评论家
12．potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n．潜力；可能性→potentially adv.潜在地；可能地
13．electricity n．电；电能→electrical adj.电的；用电的→electric adj.电动的；发电的
14．wire n．电线；金属丝(或线)vt.接通电源；将……连接到→wiring n．电线线路；线路系统
15．detect vt.发现；查明→detector n．探测器；检测器；发现者→detective adj.侦探的；侦察的n.侦探
16．innovate vi.创新；革新→innovation n．创新；创造
17．combine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合→combination n．合并；结合；联合
18．predict vt. 预测；预言；预料→prediction n. 预测；预言
19．occupy vt.占；占有；占领→occupation n．职业；占领
20．oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
21．absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的→absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席
22．emphasize vt.强调→emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性
23．resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistance n. 抵制；反对；抗拒→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；反抗的
24．accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accuracy n．准确性
[语境活用]
1．Tom's mother tried to persuadeTom to give up playing computer games. Although her words were persuasive,her persuasion didn't work.(persuade)
2．The secretary was efficient and reliable. She works efficiently and her efficiency has been praised by her boss.(efficient)
3．He prefers to surf the Internet rather than do anything else because playing computer is his preference.(prefer)
4．The instant the firefighter saw the boy trapped in the fire, he held him and escaped from the room instantly.(instant)
5．The guard warned the visitors to keep away from the beach, but they ignored his warning.(warn)
6．A good manager should combinetechnology with management.That's a winning combination. (combine)
7．Her occupation is a secretary, so she is occupied with routine office tasks.(occupy)
8．At first, her parents opposedher going toBeijing. But they were not opposed to her going to Shanghai.(oppose)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．persuadevt.劝说；说服；使信服；使相信
背词条用法 | persuade sb. to do sth. ＝persuade/talk/argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth. ＝persuade/talk/argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. that ... 使某人相信…… |
背写作佳句 | ①I have managed to persuade him to make his promise. 我已设法说服他履行诺言。 ②When surfing on the Internet, do not be persuaded into letting out your personal information. 当上网的时候，不要被说服透露你的个人信息。 ③We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of the decision.我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。 |
2．distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的
背词条用法 | in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 隔开一段距离；从远处 at a distance of ... 在……远的距离 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远 keep one's distance from sb./sth. 与某人/某物保持一定距离 |
背写作佳句 | ①(2018·浙江高考写作)Much to our delight, the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. 令我们高兴的是，远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们吸引到了河边。 ②We saw them waving to us at a distance of two hundred metres. 我们在相距200米处就看到他们在向我们招手示意。 ③During the outbreak of COVID19, it is essential to kept our distance from others. 在新冠肺炎爆发期间，与他人保持一定距离是很有必要的。 |
3．switchvt.转换；交换vi.&vt.(使)改变；转变n．开关；转换器；改变
背词条用法 | switch on＝turn on 打开(电灯、无线电等) switch off＝turn off 关上；断掉(电源等) switch over 切换；换(电视等的)频道 switch from ... to ... 从……转变/换为…… |
背写作佳句 | ①Many people switch on their electronic devices simply to kill time. 很多人打开他们的电子设备只是为了消磨时间。 ②To keep safe, we suggest you (should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding. 为了保持安全，我们建议你登机前关掉手机。 ③He switched the conversation from one subject to another. 他把谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。 |
4．preferencen．爱好；偏爱；喜爱；优先(权)
背词条用法 | (1)have a preference for 偏爱；喜爱 (2)prefer (doing) sth. 更喜欢(做)某事 prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.宁愿(做)某事而不愿(做)某事 prefer to do ...rather than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人(不)做某事 prefer that ... (should) do ... 宁愿/喜欢……做…… |
背写作佳句 | ①As far as I'm concerned, I have a preference for the interesting stories behind it. 就我而言，我更喜欢它背后有趣的故事。 ②(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers to wear the school uniform. 李推荐中国传统服装而苏更喜欢穿校服。 ③When it comes to my arrangements in summer holiday, I prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home.当谈及我的暑假安排时，我宁愿去旅游而不是待在家里。 |
5．commandn．指令；命令；控制 vt.命令；控制
背词条用法 | (1)under one's command 由……指挥 in command of 指挥；控制 have a good command/knowledge of 掌握；精通(尤指语言) take/have command of 控制；掌握 (2)command sb. to do ... 命令某人做…… command that ... (should) do 命令……做…… |
背写作佳句 | ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) I have a good command of English and Chinese，which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings. 我的英文和中文都很好，这对介绍中国画很有帮助。 ②For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.多年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。 ③Our parents often command that we (should) obey traffic rules.父母们经常命令我们要遵守交通规则。 |
6．combinevt.&vi.(使)结合；混合；(使)联合
背词条用法 | (1)combine ...with/and ... 把……与……结合起来 be combined with 与……结合/联合 (2)in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合 |
背写作佳句 | ①When you combine work and entertainment, you will feel happier. 当你把工作和娱乐结合起来的时候，你会觉得更开心。 ②Learn to combine your knowledge with experience, and you are sure to succeed. 学会把你的知识和经验结合起来，你一定会成功的。 ③The new treatment can be used either alone or in combination with the traditional one. 这新疗法可单独使用，也可以和传统疗法结合使用。 |
7．occupation n．职业；占领
背词条用法 | (1)occupy sb./oneself (in) doing sth.使某人/自己忙于做某事 occupy sb./oneself with sth.使某人/自己忙于某事 (2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 |
背写作佳句 | ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In my spare time, I have been occupied in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我英语说得很流利。 ②I don't have much spare time. I'm fully occupied with my work.我没多少业余时间。我工作忙得不可开交。 |
8．opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠
背词条用法 | |
背写作佳句 | ①Now, the government advocates“clear your plate” campaign and opposes wasting food. 现在，政府倡导“光盘行动”，反对浪费食物。 ②People are strongly opposed to school bullying in any shape or form. 人们强烈反对任何形式的校园欺凌。 |
9．absencen．不存在；缺乏；缺席；不在
背词条用法 | (1)during/in one's absence 某人不在时 absence of mind 心不在焉 in the absence of (物)缺乏；缺少；(人)不在时 (2)be absent from ... 缺席…… |
背写作佳句 | ① (2020·浙江7月高考写作)During/In your absence, our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first. 在你不在的时候，我们班参加了英语口语比赛，我们获得了第一名。 ②Actually, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 事实上，在没有母语环境的情况下，把英语作为一门外语来学习是非常困难的。 ③It is a pity that I was absent from this important activity. 非常可惜，我缺席了这次重要的活动。 |
10．advocatevt.提倡；支持；拥护 n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者
背词条用法 | advocate (doing) sth. 提倡(做)某事 advocate that ... 提倡/主张……(从句谓语用 should do, should可省略) |
背写作佳句 | ①We advocate paying more attention to environmental protection.我们提倡多关注环境保护。 ②I strongly advocate that the children (should) take an active part in sports games. 我强烈主张儿童应该积极参加体育活动。 |
11．resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡；忍住；忍耐
背词条用法 | (1)resist doing sth. 抵制/反对做某事 can't resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒(做某事的)诱惑；忍不住做某事 (2)be resistant to 抵制……；对……有抵抗力 |
背写作佳句 | ①When shopping, people often can't resist buying something they don't really need. 购物时，人们常常忍不住买一些他们并不真正需要的东西。 ②Some people are very resistant to the idea, which is not wise. 有些人十分反对这个观点，这是不明智的。 |
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2．remote control 遥控器；遥控
3．air conditioner 空调机；空调设备
4．daily routine 日常生活
5．in addition 另外；此外
6．keep track of 记录；与……保持联系
7．early on 在初期；早先
8．prevent ...from 阻止……
9．catch fire 着火
10．in this sense (in... sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
11．benefit from 从……获益
12．send out 发出；分发
13．set off 出发；动身；引起；爆炸
14．artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能
15．care about 关心；在意；喜欢
16．rather than 而不是
17．keep in touch (with...) (与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
18．in place of 代替
19．all in all 总之
重点短语拓展用活
1．in this sense (in ...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
背相关短语 | (1)make sense of ... 理解/明白…… make no sense 没道理；没意义 there is no/much sense in doing sth.做某事没道理(意义)/很有意义 (2)common sense 常识 have a sense of ... 有……感 in some sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(置于句首要倒装) |
背写作佳句 | ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In some sense, he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging us never to give up. 从某种意义上说，他实际上是希望的灯塔，鼓励我们永不放弃。 ②There is no sense in worrying about the past. 为过去的事情担忧是毫无意义的。 ③In no sense should you give up your dream and hope. 你绝不能放弃你的梦想和希望。 |
2．rather than而不是
背相关短语 | |
背写作佳句 | ①Rather than scold me, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor. 他没有批评我，而是表扬了我的诚实，然后鼓励我向邻居道歉。 ②Medical workers would take the risk of being infected rather than give up patients. 医疗工作者宁愿冒着被感染的危险也不愿放弃病人。 |
3．keep in touch (with ...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
背相关短语 | get in touch with ... 与……取得联系(表示动作) be in touch with ... 与……一直有联系(表示状态) lose touch with ... 与……失去联系 (表示动作) be out of touch with 与……失去联系(表示状态) |
背写作佳句 | ①Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. 与我们的朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分。 ②When you are inNew York, you might get in touch with a friend of mine. 你到了纽约，可以和我的一个朋友取得联系。 ③Do write me as often as you can. I don't want to lose touch with you. 务必经常给我写信，我不愿与你失去联系。 |
(六)背主题写作——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”
科技发展的利弊，科技与人
【题目要求】
假定你是李华。某英文报社正在举行题为“科技改变我们未来的生活”的征文活动，要求同学们想象科技将如何改变我们的生活环境、工作和休闲方式。请根据你的畅想用英语写一篇短文。
Sample Writing
With the development of science and technology, our life in the future will be quite different from what it is now.
At that time we’ll live in a greener and more beautiful world with trees, birds, blue skies and sunshine. And we'll be able to arrange things like meals, bathing and sleep with our smart phones. Robots will be able to do most of the housework for us. As for work, we'll mostly work at home, communicating ideas for work online. If necessary, we'll have video meetings with our partners around the world. During our free time, we'll be able to travel to places of interest in new vehicles like flying cars. We'll even enjoy space trips to the moon and other planets.
All in all, our life will become more comfortable and convenient.