选择性必修一 Unit5 必背单词和词块

X1U5 必背单词和词块

每天背记一点点 提升成绩很明显

一、背单词与词块

背阅读单词——会认就行　

(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)

1．tackle vt.   解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理

2．crisis n.   危机；危急关头

3．yield n.   产量；产出 vt.   出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等 )vi.   屈服；让步

4．characteristic n.    特征；特点；品质 adj.  典型的；独特的

5．pollinate vt.        授粉；传粉

6．intense adj.    热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的

7．output n.      产量；输出；输出量vt.   输出

8．domestic adj.      本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的

9．strain n.    (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力

10．soil n.   泥土；土壤；国土；领土

11．celebrity n.   名望；名誉；名人；名流

12．grain n.        谷物；谷粒；颗粒

13．urban adj.      城市的；都市的；城镇的

14．bomb n.      炸弹 vt.   轰炸；对……投炸弹

15．tunnel n.   地下通道；地道；隧道

16．wheat n.  小麦；小麦籽

17．flavour n.    味道；特点；特色

18．fertiliser n.    肥料

19．alleviate vt.   减轻；缓解

20．poverty n.  贫穷；贫困

21．pesticide n.     杀虫剂；除害药物

22．widespread adj.     分布广的；普遍的；广泛的

23．bacterium n.   细菌

24．mineral n.     矿物；矿物质

25．grocery n.     食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货

26．instance n.     例子；实例；事例

27．root n.      根；根茎；根部；根源

(二)背重点单词——写对才行　

1．boost vt.      使增长；使兴旺

n.    增长；提高；激励

2．attain vt.     (通常经过努力)获得；得到

3. overcome vt.   克服；解决；战胜

4．estimate vt.    估计；估价；估算 n.     估计；估算

5．comprise vt.     包括；包含；由……组成

6．leisure n.   闲暇；休闲；空闲

7．digest vt.& vi.   消化 vt.   领会；领悟 n.  摘要；文摘

8．essential adj.     完全必要的；极其重要的

9．alternative n.      可供选择的事物 adj.  可供替代的；非传统的

10．aspect n.  方面；层面

(三)背拓展单词——用准才行　

1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．献身；奉献；忠诚

2．short adj.短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的→shortenvt.变短；缩短→shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺

3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；信服的

4．convention n．习俗；常规→conventional adj.传统的；习惯的

5．assume v．假定；假设；认为→assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得

6．expand vt. & vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩张；扩展；扩大

7．consume v．消耗；耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)；消费→consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n．消费者

8．generate vt.产生；引起→generation n．代；一代人；产生

9．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像→envisionvt.展望；想象

10．real adj.真实的→reality n．现实；实际情况；事实→ realize v．实现；意识到→really adv.真正地

11．salt n．盐→salty adj.含盐的；咸的

12．extend vt.延长；延伸；扩大→extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机

13．chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→chemist n．化学家

14．nutrition n．营养；滋养→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的

15．organ n. 器官→organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的

16．deep adj.深的 adv.深深地；在深处→depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) →deepenvt.加深

17．entire adj.整个的；全部的；完全的→entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地

[语境活用]

1．The teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and his devotion to education was well thought of.(devote)

2．He had been short of exercise for a long time. The shortage of exercise led to his weakness.So he shortenedhis time of playing computer games to take exercise.(short)

3．Teacher's convincing words finallyconvinced me to get rid of my bad habits, and I was convinced that he was really concerned about my future.(convince)

4．It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)

5．A student's vocabulary expandsthrough reading. In turn, the expansion of a vocabulary contributes to digesting the reading materials. (expand)

6．During holidays, consumers consumea lot of goods. The consumption can bring a lot of profits to shoppers.(consume)

7．In real life, if you respectreality and really work hard, you are bound to realize your dream.(real)

8．The water is so deep that no one knows its exact depth. Moreover, experts think that it is deepeninggradually.(deep)

(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行

1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于

背词条用法	(1)devote ... to ...　把……用于……；献身；致力；专心 devote oneself to  献身于……；致力于…… (2)be devoted to (doing) sth.   专心于……；奉献于……
背写作佳句	①Medical workers devoted  themselves to treating patients during the break of COVID­19. 在新冠病毒爆发期间，医疗工作者致力于治疗病人。 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Regardless of the risk  of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. 不顾感染的风险，李叔叔对自己的工作很有责任心，并且专心于工作。

2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服

背词条用法	(1)convince sb.to do sth.　说服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth.  使某人相信某事 convince sb.that ...  使某人相信…… (2)be convinced that ...  确信……
背写作佳句	①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I want to convince  them of  my enthusiasm for the job. 我想使他们相信我殷切希望得到这份工作。 ②(2018·天津高考书面表达) I am convinced  that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. 我相信，在我们的共同努力下，我们无疑能够取得良好的结果。

3．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得

背词条用法	(1)make an assumption　认为；假定 on the assumption that ... 假定…… (2)assume sb./sth.to  be  假定/假设某人/物为…… assume that ...  假定/假设…… It is assumed that ...  被认为…… (3)assuming (that)．..  假设/假定……
背写作佳句	①Try to understand what's  actually happening instead of acting on the assumption you've made. 试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。 ②It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much schoolwork. 普遍认为，压力是学业过重所致。 ③Assuming that the weather is favorable，farmers will have a yield. 假如风调雨顺，农民将获丰收。

4．alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的

背词条用法	have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事 have the alternative of doing sth.   有做某事的选择 there's no alternative ...  别无选择……
背写作佳句	①Failure is the mother of  success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure  bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们别无选择只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 ②You have the  alternative of riding or walking when travelling along theWest Lake. 当你沿着西湖旅行的时候，你可以在坐车或步行中选择一种。 ③There is no alternative for people but to protect the environment.人们别无选择只有保护环境。

(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行

单元短语再认再现

1．devote ... to　　  把……用于；献身；致力；专心

2．be comprised of     包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)

3．depend on        依赖；依靠

4．deep down    在内心深处；本质上；实际上

5．far from       远非

6．care for    照顾；照料；关心；喜欢

7．at home and abroad     在国内外

8．open up      打开；开放

9．cut down      砍倒；砍伐；削减

10．take on      承担；雇用；呈现

11．turn into     变成

12．make use of      利用

13．adapt to      适应

14．complain about      抱怨

15．make up one's mind       下定决心

16．give up        放弃

17．in addition       另外

18．in turn     相应地；转而；依次；轮流

19．cause damage to   损害

20．as for          关于；至于

21．turn to          转向；求助

22．focus on           集中(注意力、精力等)于

23．keep ...free from/of      使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)

24．for instance      例如；比如

25．nowhere near     完全没有；远不及

26．set up      建立

27．carry out      实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)

重点短语拓展用活

1．be comprised of包含；包括；由……组成(或构成)

背相关短语	表示“由……组成”的短语： be made up of consist of be composed of
背写作佳句	①It is said that this medical  team is  comprised of many famous medical experts. 据说这支医疗队由很多著名的医疗专家组成。 ②Life consists of  not only sunshine but also hard times.We should be brave when faced with difficulties. 生活中不仅有阳光而且也有艰难的时光。面对困难时，我们应该勇敢。

2．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流；反过来

背相关短语	by turns　 轮流地；交替地 take turns  轮流；依次 take turns (in) doing/to do sth.   轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth.  轮到某人做某事
背写作佳句	①Theories originate from  practice and in  turn serve practice. 理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。 ②The two brothers take turns  looking after their father. 兄弟俩轮流着照顾父亲。 ③I felt very nervous when  it was my  turn to deliver a speech.轮到我做演讲时，我感到非常紧张。

3．cut down 砍倒；砍伐；削减

背相关短语	cut off　 　切断；断绝 cut in  插嘴；打断(谈话) cut up  切碎；伤心；难过 cut out  删掉；剪除 cut across  抄近路穿过；遮挡
背写作佳句	①With more and more forests cut down, large  quantities of soil are being washed away. 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤被冲走。 ②They were almost completely  cut off  from the outside world. 他们几乎完全与外界隔绝了。 ③It is impolite of children  to cut in  when their seniors are talking.孩子们在长辈讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。

(六)背主题写作——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”

X1U5

关于农业发展，有机种植

01

Sample Writing02


Sample Writing

In my opinion, organic farming is preferable to chemical farming because of the benefits to the environment and to people, and because organic food is more nutritious.

To begin with,chemical farming harms the environment. Since chemical pesticides are not found in nature normal natural processes cannot get rid of them. Instead the chemicals tend to accumulate in the soil and water, and are absorbed in the food chain, where they poison wildlife and domestic animals.

This affects us directly, because we end up eating plants, dairy products, eggs, and meat that have high levels of pesticides. Think about it: The purpose of the pesticides is to kill “pests”,that is, to kill insects. Something that can kill an insect probably is not healthy for a person to eat.While it may be true that the food we eat does not have enough pesticide in it to kill us immediately over the years this pesticide may cause us health problems or give us diseases such as cancer.

Finally,organic food is generally more nutritious than food grown with man- made chemicals. If you remember a few years ago, there was the case of watermelons literally exploding in the fields because they had been given chemicals to make them grow faster. The reason why they exploded was that they contained too much water, because the farmers had used too many chemicals and the weather was unusually wet. As it turns out such chemicals are commonly used in farming to grow larger crops more quickly. Do you really want to eat watered-down fruit and vegetables which have been rushed to market? They cannot possibly taste as good as organic vegetables, nor can they be as nutritious.

In closing,I would like to suggest buying organic food. Yesthe price is a little higher, but the small price we pay extra will bring us huge rewards in the end.