选择性必修四 Unit1必背单词和词块+主题范文
X4U1必背单词和词块
每天背记一点点 提升成绩很明显
一、背单词与词块
(一)背阅读单词——会认就行
(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)
1．fiction n． 小说；虚构的事
2．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利
3．ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
4．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整；完好
5．dignity n. 庄重；庄严；尊严
6．absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的
7．nail n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt. (用钉子)钉牢；固定
8．ladder n. 梯子；阶梯
9．rumour n. 谣言；传闻
10．presume vt.& vi. 假设；假定
11．flour n. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
12．venue n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
13．salesman n. 售货员；推销员
14．alien n. 外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的
15．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的
16．leather n. 皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
17．grip vt.& vi. 紧握；抓紧
18．hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
19．maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度
20．jolt n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.&vi. (使)震动；摇晃
21．flip vt.&vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
22．stun vt. 使震惊；使昏迷
(二)背重点单词——写对才行
1．salary n. 薪水；薪金
2．saleswoman n. 女售货员；女推销员
3．whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管
4．fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价
5．weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊
6．labour n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作
7．backwards adv. 向后；倒着；往回
8．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来
9．lamp n. 灯；台灯
10．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
(三)背拓展单词——用准才行
1．appoint v．任命；委任；安排→appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appointed adj.指定的；约定的
2．guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪→guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→suspension n．悬浮；暂停；停职
4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→dismissal n．解雇；免职
5．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．(纳税品等的)申报；宣布；公告；申诉书
6．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculation n．计算→calculator n．计算器
7．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→superiority n．优越；优势；优越性
8．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施→inactive adj.不活跃的；不活动的→inactivate v．使不活动
9．divide v．分开；意见分歧→division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
10．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgency n．紧急；紧急的事→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgently adv.迫切地；紧急地
11．random adj.随机的；不可思议的→randomly adv.随机；随意；未加计划地
12．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增
13．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的；模糊的；混乱的
14．overstate v．夸张；夸大的叙述→overstatement n．夸大；夸张
[语境活用]
1．The suspension (suspend) of fighting is to take effect at 6 am on Monday.
2．The work is so urgent (urge) that we must finish it before 6 at all costs.
3．Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying face down in muddy (mud) water.
4．The Australian team soon demonstrated their superiority (superior) over the opposition.
5．We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty (guilt)．
6．He was appointed as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the appointed time, but she missed their appointment somehow.(appoint)
7．She declared that she would rather change her mind and many citizens were strongly against her declaration.(declare)
8．If necessary, students are allowed tocalculate the volume (容积) of the container using a calculator, which will make the calculation simpler.(calculate)
(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任
背词条用法 | (1)make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (2)appoint sb.to be/as 任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事 |
背写作佳句 | ①Xiao Li made an appointment with the manager and arrived at the appointed time.Later, he was appointed as a more important post. 小李和经理预约并且在约定的时间到达。后来，他被任命为一个更重要的职位。 ②Now that you have made an appointment with your friend, you should keep the appointment. 既然你已经和朋友约好了，你就应该守约。 |
2．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
背词条用法 | dismiss sb./ sth.(as) 开除；解雇；摒弃；对……不屑一提 dismiss sth.from 去除；消除；摒除 dismiss sb.from 解雇；免职；开除 dismiss fear from one's mind 消除心里的恐惧 |
背写作佳句 | ①Let us dismiss it from our lives and replace it with love.让我们把它从我们的生活中去除，换之以爱。 ②If you violate the rules here, we shall have to dismiss you from the post. 如果你违反了这里的规定，我们将不得不开除你。 |
3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
背词条用法 | declare sb./sth.to be 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against 表示赞成/反对…… declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战 declare that 宣布…… |
背写作佳句 | ①When they asked him about his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy because it offended his interest. 当他们问他的意见时，他坚决反对这项政策，因为这冒犯了他的利益。 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Three months ago, on a similar occasion, Ms Cai seriously declared that the results of the final exam were disappointing. 三个月前，在一次类似的场合，蔡老师严肃地宣称，期末考试的成绩令人失望。 |
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测
背词条用法 | calculate that/whclause 计算……；预测…… calculate on/upon 依靠；依赖；期待；指望 be calculated to do sth. 故意做/打算做/可能做某事 It is calculated that ... 据估算…… |
背写作佳句 | ①We can't calculate on having good weather for the barbecue. 我们不能指望着有好天气才去烧烤。 ②It has been calculated that at least 50,000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少失去了5万份工作。 |
5．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的n.上级；上司
背词条用法 | be superior to ... 比……优越(更好、强)；优于…… be inferior to ... 低于；不如……；在……之下 be senior to 比……年长/资历深/职位高 be junior to 比……年轻/资历浅/职位低 |
背写作佳句 | ①I've personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. 我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。 ②He looks younger than his friend; in fact, he is three years senior to his friend. 他看上去比他的朋友年轻；事实上，他比他朋友还大三岁。 |
6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
背词条用法 | (1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 强烈要求某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求…… (2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望 (3)in urgent need of 急需 |
背写作佳句 | ①Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. 家长要积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。 ②The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent need of food, medicine and shelters. 地震灾区的人们急需食物、药品和避难所。 |
(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行
单元短语再认再现
1．test out 检验；测试
2．more like 更像是；更接近
3．on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
8．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
10．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
11．experiment with 以……做试验
12．or rather 更确切地说
13．have an appointment 预约；有一个约会
14．turn around 转身；翻转
15．after all 毕竟
16．in time 及时
17．more ...than ... 与其说……倒不如说……
重点短语拓展用活
1．test out检验；测试；考验
背相关短语 | (1)test sb.on sth. 在……方面测试某人 test sth.on sb./sth. 在……身上试验…… test sb.for sth. 为某事检查某人 test sth.out 对……进行检测 (2)take/do a test for 为……参加测验 stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验 |
背写作佳句 | ①The new product had been tested out before it was put on the market. 这种新产品被投放市场前已经过检验。 ②Tens of thousands of people take a test for government officers every year. 每年成千上万的人参加公务员考试。 |
2．on a ...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
背相关短语 | (1)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上；基于 (2)base ...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据 |
背写作佳句 | ①The organization encourages members to meet on a regular basis as well as provides them with financial support. 本组织鼓励会员定期开会，并向其提供财政支持。 ②On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year. 根据我们的销售预测，我们明年可能开始盈利。 ③(2018·江苏高考书面表达)As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others' judgment on the product or service concerned. 我们都知道，大多数消费排名是基于他人对相关产品或服务的判断。 |
3．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
背相关短语 | take away 拿走；夺走 take down 写下，记下；拆卸 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收容 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 接纳；雇佣；呈现；承担 take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续 |
背写作佳句 | ①Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will take overthe class. 史密斯小姐要去结婚了，琼斯小姐将接手这个班。 ②Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health. 智能手机不仅占用了我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康也有很大的危害。 ③Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 不要被承诺能让你快速减肥的产品所欺骗。 |
4．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
背相关短语 | turn away 转过脸去；拒绝(某人)进入 turn against 反对；背叛 turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝 turn to 向……求助；转向；翻到；查阅；开始从事 turn over 翻转；反复考虑；移交 |
背写作佳句 | ①You can't expect everything to turn out as you wish. 你不能指望一切都如你所愿。 ②If chosen, Mr Brown, who is rich in experience, will turn out to be an excellent manager. 如果被选中，经验丰富的布朗先生将证明是一名优秀的经理。 |
1、编写符合逻辑的科幻故事
2、对人工智能的看法
01
题目要求
人工智能与5G时代已悄然来临，随着科技越来越与人类生活相结合，随处可见的人工智能，让生活越来越便利的同时也带来许多的困惑，按要求完成一篇作文。
内容包括：
1. 描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况
2. 分析这种现象产生的原因
3. 陈述利弊以及表明个人态度
Sample Writing
As we all know , the time of 5G technology is coming , it is called the fourth industrial revolution , future of computer science lies in the artificial intelligence，it is the research and artificial simulation of human thought and eventually be able to make a human like to think the same machine , for human services and to help people solve problems.
After all, people thought it was unique, there are feelings, there are a variety of character, this will be very difficult to achieve in the machine.In fact, to do the same as the human thinking machine, the only one of the artificial intelligence, is by no means all. Through the study of artificial intelligence, it can resolve all kinds of scientific problems, promote the development of other science will have a great impact on all people's lives .
I believe that the science of artificial intelligence is waiting for humanity to explore it step by step .
02题目要求
假定你是李华。某英文报社正在举行题为“科技改变我们未来的生活”的征文活动，要求同学们想象科技将如何改变我们的生活环境、工作和休闲方式。请根据你的畅想用英语写一篇短文。
注意：
1. 词数100左右(开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数)；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
With the development of science and technology, ________________________________________________________________
Sample Writing
Sample Writing a science fiction short story
I thought this summer vacation at Aunt Jenny's would go as interesting as watching paint dry.Hers was an old house built before time beganit seemed.One hundred years ago it was often filled with people coming to stay for the summer-it was such large. grand house that there would be thirty or forty guests at a time, and the host barely knew who some of them were. Then there was the host himself- my great grandfather. He was widely thought of as the smartest, funniest man ofhis age, and people would come from all over the world to see him.
But that was all in the past.Now the only person who lived here was Aunt Jenny, who lived in one small part of the house and kept the rest closed up. Then I caught the sun shining in my eyes from a tall mirror in the hallway.“How pretty! It must be a hundred years old.If only I could go back and see my great grandfather!”I said,cleaning the dirt off the mirror with my hand. Suddenly, the shiny mirror became a sea of clouds and I felt myself being pulled inside it.The world began to spin and I felt confused.
Then, just like that,everything stopped. I looked around and there I was with the mirror and in the same hall but things were different.The family photos on the wall were now replaced by paintings of people I did not recognise. The furniture all looked new but old fashioned at the same time.I must be one hundred years into the past!” I thought to myself.Then a woman wearing old-fashioned clothing came down the hall. Drawing near, she frowned and said“Oh, that won’t do! The party starts in twenty minutes and you are still in casual clothes! What? You didn't bring anything? I’ve got a lovely dress you can borrow. I think it will just fit.” She led me away to her room and helped me get dressed like I was an old friend and then together we went down to the parlour which was filled with people dressed in fine clothes gathering around my great grandfather, listening to every word he said.
I spent the summer there, pretending to be a distant cousin from the city who was there on holiday. No one seemed to mind or care as my great grandfather was quite wealthy and always had lots ofguests.I tried to spend as much time as possible with my great grandfather and his friends and it was the most wonderful time of my life.
Then when the end of summer drew near, I went back to the mirror and rubbed it with my hand again. I found myself back in the same hall, but in modern time. Not a minute had passed. Then I realised that I still had a full summer ahead at boring Aunt Jenny's.“Now what am I going to do?”I asked myself.
（教参P54）