珠峰四期 | 2组：有关2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖——细胞自噬机制背后的研究
The following article is from SKY学长计划 Author SKY学长计划
explorer
珠峰explorer是生命科学学院学业指导室成立的MOOC学习小组，旨在鼓励学有余力的同学继续深造。其要义是“继续攀登，探索新大陆，向山巅出发”。
每期参与的同学以小组为单位进行学习，课程由小组成员自己在网课平台上选择，根据成员时间定期开展组会交流学习过程中遇到的问题与心得，并互相督促保持进度、完成学习任务。
学院支持并鼓励同学们成为探索者，会承担学习过程中的一切费用。结课后网站会给予证书认证，在日后的留学与夏令营申请中会有帮助。
explorer
第二组的成员为：单心月、周奕言。他们选择的课程为edX平台上东京工业大学开设的——
Autophagy: Research Behind the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine（有关2016年诺贝尔奖生理学或医学奖——细胞自噬机制背后的研究）.
东京工业大学
东京工业大学(Tokyo Institute of Technology)简称东工大。是专攻工程技术与自然科学的日本顶尖、世界一流的理工科大学 。该校是日本超级国际化大学计划的A类顶尖校之一，也是日本八大学工学系联合会、学术研究恳谈会(RU11)、东亚研究型大学协会等学术组织的重要成员。
2018年QS世界大学排名中位列第56名，日本第3名。其在工程技术类排名世界第14名，日本第2名；自然科学类排名世界第24名，日本第3名。2019年泰晤士高等教育日本大学排名中位居第7位。
课程相关
Yoshinori Ohsumi’s research story begins with what was an overlooked organelle, the vacuole, before his interests moved towards autophagy and intracellular degradation.
About 30 years ago, he used a simple light microscope to observe yeast cells under starvation, discovering the delivery of own components to the vacuole before they were degraded. He realized that this phenomenon depended on the same mechanism as autophagy, which was already known in mammalian cells but it was poorly understood.
Using this approach, we were able to identify many of the genes responsible for autophagy in yeast. The identification of these genes allowed autophagy research in mammalian cells to rapidly progress, which was until then held back by a lack of mechanistic understanding.
Now, autophagy is a major area of research in the biological sciences. Many researchers around the world are assessing autophagy in a range of organisms, uncovering mechanistic details which discovering more and more roles for autophagy.
Research is now aimed at developing new treatments for diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration, in which autophagy is known to play a role. He never planned or anticipated that my research would eventually be linked to our understanding and treatment of diseases in humans.
His work is an excellent example of the importance of basic research in science.
Life depends on a delicate balance between synthesis and degradation, and it follows that the regulation of degradation is controlled by as many genes as for synthesis.
As one of the most fundamental processes in the cell, many more functions of autophagy remain to be uncovered.
In this course, Associate Professor Hitoshi Nakatogawa and Alex May, will guide you through the basics of autophagy.
学习感悟
In week 1 and week 2, we learned the basics of autophagy and looked at the Nobel Prize-winning work of Dr. Ohsumi, which triggered the explosive development of the autophagy research field. And in week3, we were introduce with several important works, each of which made seminal contributions to our understanding of the roles of autophagy in life and its relationship with human diseases.
It’s a 4 weeks long short time. But I had learn a lot of autophagy. Autophagy is one of the most important processes in eukaryotes, which is evolutionarily conserved for the turnover of intracellular materials. In this process, some damaged proteins or organelles are wrapped by the autophagic vesicles of double membrane structure, and then sent to lysosomes (animals) or vacuoles (yeast and plants) for degradation and recycling. This progress can degenerate temporarily unavailable or aging organelles. Thus the cell can have relatively adequate animo acid to survive through starvation.
2019级 单心月
这门课程的吸引人之处在于，从酵母一种较为简单的真核生物中，生物学家得以发现并解释了一种重要的生命现象——细胞自噬。课程内容设置得环环相扣，层次递进，有的放矢。课程从细胞自噬的基本知识开始，涵盖机制、过程、作用、种类以及与人类疾病的关联，再到该研究的重要主角大隅良典先生的研究过程和其中的一些细节，最后着眼于细胞自噬的相关作用和应用。我们得以了解到细胞自噬对于细胞内部蛋白质等物质的循环、合成等方面具有十分重要的意义，分为选择性和非选择性，细胞自噬在抗菌方面也起一定的作用。然而，我们也认识到，该研究在疾病治疗方面仍然处于早期阶段，仍有许多细节等待被揭示，它的临床应用还有待实现。
2019级 周奕言
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