其他
Android-直播间列表渐隐效果
作者：h2coder,
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/af067dab96a9
直播间的打赏榜需要加一个渐变效果，类似映客APP直播间的消息列表，一开始使用xml-shape的gradient标签层叠到RecyclerView上，但是发现效果不太对，总有一层蒙版割裂列表。
随后和设计大佬沟通，设计师说这个不是渐变效果，是渐隐，没有渐变的2个颜色值。渐隐效果安卓并没有原生api可以支持呀，随后问了iOS的同学，他们实现是添加一个CAGradientLayer（渐变蒙版图层）和TableView（列表控件）的图层合并。
这时候，我才明白，并不是单纯的叠一层渐变，而是要将渐变和RecyclerView的图层合并，再draw。
最后，如果列表滚动到顶部，则不绘制，其他时候需要绘制，我们监听RecyclerView滚动即可，滚动监听我封装到了RecyclerViewScrollHelper这个类。
最终效果
思路
要在RecyclerView上的Canvas上draw，可以继承RecyclerView来实现，但是耦合到了RecyclerView，我们可以使用ItemDecoration，添加一个条目装饰器，在RecyclerView上绘制。使用Xfermode，融合2个图层。
辅助工具类
RecyclerViewScrollHelper，列表滚动帮助类
public class RecyclerViewScrollHelper {
/**
* 第一次进入界面时也会回调滚动，所以当手动滚动再监听
*/
private boolean isNotFirst = false;
/**
* 列表控件
*/
private RecyclerView scrollingView;
/**
* 回调
*/
private Callback callback;
public void attachRecyclerView(RecyclerView scrollingView, Callback callback) {
this.scrollingView = scrollingView;
this.callback = callback;
setup();
}
private void setup() {
scrollingView.addOnScrollListener(new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
@Override
public void onScrollStateChanged(RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) {
super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState);
isNotFirst = true;
if (callback != null) {
//如果滚动到最后一行，RecyclerView.canScrollVertically(1)的值表示是否能向上滚动，false表示已经滚动到底部
if (newState == RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE &&
!recyclerView.canScrollVertically(1)) {
callback.onScrolledToBottom();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onScrolled(RecyclerView recyclerView, int dx, int dy) {
super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy);
if (callback != null && isNotFirst) {
//RecyclerView.canScrollVertically(-1)的值表示是否能向下滚动，false表示已经滚动到顶部
if (!recyclerView.canScrollVertically(-1)) {
callback.onScrolledToTop();
}
//下滑
if (dy < 0) {
callback.onScrolledToDown();
}
//上滑
if (dy > 0) {
callback.onScrolledToUp();
}
}
}
});
}
public interface Callback {
/**
* 向下滚动
*/
void onScrolledToDown();
/**
* 向上滚动
*/
void onScrolledToUp();
/**
* 滚动到了顶部
*/
void onScrolledToTop();
/**
* 滚动到了底部
*/
void onScrolledToBottom();
}
public static class CallbackAdapter implements Callback {
@Override
public void onScrolledToDown() {
}
@Override
public void onScrolledToUp() {
}
@Override
public void onScrolledToTop() {
}
@Override
public void onScrolledToBottom() {
}
}
/**
* 马上滚动到顶部
*/
public void moveToTop() {
if (scrollingView != null) {
scrollingView.scrollToPosition(0);
}
}
/**
* 缓慢滚动到顶部
*/
public void smoothMoveToTop() {
if (scrollingView != null) {
scrollingView.smoothScrollToPosition(0);
}
}
}
ViewUtils，dp转换px
public class ViewUtils {
/**
* dip换算成像素数量
*/
public static int dipToPx(Context context, float dip) {
float density = context.getApplicationContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
return roundUp(dip * context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density);
}
private static int roundUp(float f) {
return (int) (0.5f + f);
}
}
类结构
渐变策略，我将顶部、底部的渐变绘制抽成2个策略类，而绘制方法onDrawOver()，getShader()获取着色器，则分拆到一个ShadowStrategy策略接口。
/**
* 渐变策略
*/
private abstract class ShadowStrategy(
val shadowHeight: Float,
val paint: Paint
) {
/**
* 绘制
*/
abstract fun onDrawOver(canvas: Canvas, parent: RecyclerView, state: RecyclerView.State)
/**
* 获取着色器
*/
abstract fun getShader(parent: RecyclerView): Shader
}
顶部渐变
/**
* 顶部渐变
*/
private inner class TopShadowStrategy(shadowHeight: Float, paint: Paint) :
ShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint) {
private lateinit var mScrollHelper: RecyclerViewScrollHelper
/**
* 是否可以绘制渐变
*/
private var isCanDrawShadow: Boolean = false
override fun onDrawOver(canvas: Canvas, parent: RecyclerView, state: RecyclerView.State) {
if (isCanDrawShadow) {
val left = 0f
val top = 0f
val right = parent.width.toFloat()
val bottom = shadowHeight
val topShadowRect = RectF(left, top, right, bottom)
canvas.drawRect(topShadowRect, paint)
}
}
override fun getShader(parent: RecyclerView): Shader {
if (!this::mScrollHelper.isInitialized) {
mScrollHelper = RecyclerViewScrollHelper()
mScrollHelper.attachRecyclerView(
parent,
object : RecyclerViewScrollHelper.CallbackAdapter() {
override fun onScrolledToTop() {
//到了顶部就不能渲染
isCanDrawShadow = false
}
override fun onScrolledToUp() {
super.onScrolledToUp()
//向上滚动，列表向下移动，则需要渲染
isCanDrawShadow = true
}
})
}
return run {
//渐变起始x，y坐标
val x0 = 0f
val y0 = 0f
//渐变结束x，y坐标
val x1 = 0f
val y1 = shadowHeight
//渐变颜色的开始、结束颜色
val startColor = Color.TRANSPARENT
val endColor = Color.BLACK
val colors = intArrayOf(startColor, endColor)
//渐变位置数组
val positions = null
//指定控件区域大于指定的渐变区域时，空白区域的颜色填充方法
//CLAMP：边缘拉伸，为被shader覆盖区域，使用shader边界颜色进行填充
//REPEAT：在水平和垂直两个方向上重复，相邻图像没有间隙
//MIRROR：以镜像的方式在水平和垂直两个方向上重复，相邻图像有间隙
val tile = Shader.TileMode.CLAMP
LinearGradient(
x0, y0, x1, y1,
colors, positions, tile
)
}
}
}
底部渐变
/**
* 底部渐变
*/
private inner class BottomShadowStrategy(shadowHeight: Float, paint: Paint) :
ShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint) {
/**
* 是否可以绘制渐变
*/
private var isCanDrawShadow: Boolean = true
override fun onDrawOver(canvas: Canvas, parent: RecyclerView, state: RecyclerView.State) {
//底部渐变，必须指定数量的条目才可以绘制
isCanDrawShadow = (parent.adapter?.itemCount ?: 0) > 8
if (isCanDrawShadow) {
val left = 0f
val top = parent.height - shadowHeight
val right = parent.width.toFloat()
val bottom = parent.height.toFloat()
val topShadowRect = RectF(left, top, right, bottom)
canvas.drawRect(topShadowRect, paint)
}
}
override fun getShader(parent: RecyclerView): Shader {
return run {
//渐变起始x，y坐标
val x0 = 0f
val y0 = parent.height - shadowHeight
//渐变结束x，y坐标
val x1 = 0f
val y1 = parent.height.toFloat()
//渐变颜色的开始、结束颜色
val startColor = Color.BLACK
val endColor = Color.TRANSPARENT
val colors = intArrayOf(startColor, endColor)
//渐变位置数组
val positions = null
//指定控件区域大于指定的渐变区域时，空白区域的颜色填充方法
//CLAMP：边缘拉伸，为被shader覆盖区域，使用shader边界颜色进行填充
//REPEAT：在水平和垂直两个方向上重复，相邻图像没有间隙
//MIRROR：以镜像的方式在水平和垂直两个方向上重复，相邻图像有间隙
val tile = Shader.TileMode.CLAMP
LinearGradient(
x0, y0, x1, y1,
colors, positions, tile
)
}
}
}
配置到RecyclerView，通过 addItemDecoration()方法添加装饰器。
val context = this
val paint = Paint()
//渐变的高度
val shadowHeight = ViewUtils.dipToPx(context, 80f).toFloat()
//顶部渐变
val topShadowStrategy = TopShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint)
//底部渐变
val bottomShadowStrategy = BottomShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint)
//混合模式
val xfermode: Xfermode = PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN)
var layerId = 0
//配置装饰器
vRankList.addItemDecoration(object : RecyclerView.ItemDecoration() {
/**
* 可以实现类似绘制背景的效果，内容在上面
*/
override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas, parent: RecyclerView, state: RecyclerView.State) {
super.onDraw(canvas, parent, state)
layerId = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
canvas.saveLayer(
0.0f,
0.0f,
parent.width.toFloat(),
parent.height.toFloat(),
paint
)
} else {
canvas.saveLayer(
0.0f,
0.0f,
parent.width.toFloat(),
parent.height.toFloat(),
paint,
Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG
)
}
}
/**
* 可以绘制在内容的上面，覆盖内容
*/
override fun onDrawOver(
canvas: Canvas,
parent: RecyclerView,
state: RecyclerView.State
) {
super.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
paint.xfermode = xfermode
//画顶部渐变
paint.shader = topShadowStrategy.getShader(parent)
topShadowStrategy.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
//画底部渐变
paint.shader = bottomShadowStrategy.getShader(parent)
bottomShadowStrategy.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
paint.xfermode = null
canvas.restoreToCount(layerId)
}
})
添加渐变到列表
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private lateinit var vRankList: RecyclerView
private val mListItems = Items()
private val mListAdapter = MultiTypeAdapter(mListItems).apply {
register(RankListItemModel::class.java, RankListItemBinder())
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
findView()
bindView()
setData()
}
private fun findView() {
vRankList = findViewById(R.id.rank_list)
}
private fun bindView() {
supportActionBar?.title = "打赏榜"
vRankList.run {
adapter = mListAdapter
layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this@MainActivity)
setupRankListAlphaStyle()
}
}
private fun setData() {
val textColorResId = android.R.color.white
for (index in 1..15) {
mListItems.add(
RankListItemModel(
index,
generateNickName(index),
"",
(100 + index).toString(),
textColorResId
)
)
}
mListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
}
/**
* 生成昵称
*/
private fun generateNickName(index: Int): String {
val nicknames = listOf(
"迪丽热巴", "黄晓明", "杨幂",
"彭于晏", "柳岩", "李易峰", "陈伟霆", "刘诗诗", "张艺兴", "成龙",
"蔡徐坤", "赵丽颖", "王一博", "阚清子", "刘亦菲", "郑爽", "杨紫",
"关晓彤", "唐嫣", "胡歌", "宋茜", "周杰伦", "吴亦凡", "周冬雨", "华晨宇"
)
val position = index % nicknames.size
return nicknames[position]
}
/**
* 设置排行榜列表透明度风格
*/
private fun setupRankListAlphaStyle() {
val context = this
val paint = Paint()
val shadowHeight = ViewUtils.dipToPx(context, 80f).toFloat()
//顶部渐变
val topShadowStrategy = TopShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint)
//底部渐变
val bottomShadowStrategy = BottomShadowStrategy(shadowHeight, paint)
//混合模式
val xfermode: Xfermode = PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN)
var layerId = 0
//设置装饰器
vRankList.addItemDecoration(object : RecyclerView.ItemDecoration() {
/**
* 可以实现类似绘制背景的效果，内容在上面
*/
override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas, parent: RecyclerView, state: RecyclerView.State) {
super.onDraw(canvas, parent, state)
layerId = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
canvas.saveLayer(
0.0f,
0.0f,
parent.width.toFloat(),
parent.height.toFloat(),
paint
)
} else {
canvas.saveLayer(
0.0f,
0.0f,
parent.width.toFloat(),
parent.height.toFloat(),
paint,
Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG
)
}
}
/**
* 可以绘制在内容的上面，覆盖内容
*/
override fun onDrawOver(
canvas: Canvas,
parent: RecyclerView,
state: RecyclerView.State
) {
super.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
paint.xfermode = xfermode
//画顶部渐变
paint.shader = topShadowStrategy.getShader(parent)
topShadowStrategy.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
//画底部渐变
paint.shader = bottomShadowStrategy.getShader(parent)
bottomShadowStrategy.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state)
paint.xfermode = null
canvas.restoreToCount(layerId)
}
})
}
}
总结
这种效果需要用到Xfermode，所以需要了解一下，常用的几个模式，以及LinearGradient的构造方法的那些参数，尤其是渐变开始、结束坐标，如果算不对，渐变方向就不对，再叠加Xfermode时，会比较难看出问题，最好先不加Xfermode，先让渐变方向正确后，再添加Xfermode。
完整代码我上传到了Github，有需要或感兴趣的同学可以clone。
参考资料
iOS：iOS实现参考Android：Android实现参考其他：LinearGradient线性渐变-构造属性介绍
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