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HTTP客户端连接，选择HttpClient还是OkHttp？
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作者：何甜甜在吗
来源：https://juejin.cn/post/6844904040644476941
写在前面
为什么会写这篇文章，起因于和朋友的聊天
这又触及到我的知识盲区了，首先来一波面向百度学习，直接根据关键字httpclient和okhttp的区别、性能比较进行搜索，没有找到想要的答案，于是就去overstackflow上看看是不是有人问过这个问题，果然不会让你失望的
所以从使用、性能、超时配置方面进行比较
使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务，一般服务暴露出来的接口都为http，http常用请求类型就为GET、PUT、POST和DELETE，因此主要介绍这些请求类型的调用
HttpClient使用介绍
使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为一下几步骤：
创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象，前者同步，后者为异步 创建Http请求对象 调用execute方法执行请求，如果是异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法
创建连接：
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
该连接为同步连接
GET请求：
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求，HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求
PUT请求：
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
POST请求：
添加对象
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
该请求是一个创建对象的请求，需要传入一个json字符串
上传文件
@Test
public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf");
FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上传文件
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
通过addPart上传文件
DELETE请求：
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user/12";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
请求的取消：
@Test
public void testCancel() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
//测试连接的取消
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
while (true) {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
httpGet.abort();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
调用abort方法取消请求 执行结果：
task canceled
cost 8098 msc
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为一下几步骤：
创建OkHttpClient对象 创建Request对象 将Request 对象封装为Call 通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求，调用execute方法同步执行，调用enqueue方法异步执行
创建连接：
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET请求：
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
PUT请求：
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//请求参数
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.put(requestBody)
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
POST请求：
添加对象
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//请求参数
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("name", "hetiantian");
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody) //post请求
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
上传文件
@Test
public void testUpload() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf")))
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody) //默认为GET请求，可以不写
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件
DELETE请求：
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//请求参数
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.delete()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
请求的取消：
@Test
public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
//测试连接的取消
while (true) {
//1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
call.cancel();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果：
task canceled
cost 9110 msc
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小结
OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些，并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型，不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型
依赖包上，如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传，需要额外的引入异步请求依赖
<!---文件上传-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--异步请求-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
请求的取消，HttpClient使用abort方法，OkHttp使用cancel方法，都挺简单的，如果使用的是异步client，则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可
超时设置
HttpClient超时设置：在HttpClient4.3+版本以上，超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
.setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上，而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超时设置：直接在OkHttp上进行设置
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间
.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间
.build();
小结：如果client是单例模式，HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活，针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间，OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间，所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较
测试环境：
CPU 六核 内存 8G windows10
每种测试用例都测试五次，排除偶然性
client连接为单例：
client连接不为单例：
单例模式下，HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些，单位为毫秒，性能差异相差不大 非单例模式下，OkHttp的性能更好，HttpClient创建连接比较耗时，因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式，因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值
总结
OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲，根据实际业务选择即可。
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