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重磅分析丨世卫宣布新冠疫情为国际突发公卫事件 意味着什么?

直新闻 2020-08-30

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 忧虑卫生系统较弱的国家 

 

当地时间1月30日晚,世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞在日内瓦举行新闻发布会,说明新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情已构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。


谭德塞表示,世卫最大的忧虑是病毒可能蔓延到卫生系统较弱的国家,这一宣布是基由于新冠病毒疫情在中国以外的发展情况,而非针对中国国内的情势,也不是意图对中国的表现投下“不信任票”。谭德塞强调,世卫组织不赞成甚至反对对中国采取旅行或贸易禁令。


 

谭德塞表示,习近平主席亲自指挥、亲自部署疫情防控。中方始终坚持公开透明原则,及时发布信息,快速识别病毒并分享基因序列,采取果断有力措施控制疫情传播,体现的不仅是对本国人民生命健康的高度负责,更是对全球疾病防控的大力支持。他相信中方将有效控制并最终战胜疫情。中国为抗击疫情所作的努力值得尊重和赞赏,值得学习致敬。事实上,中国采取的很多防控措施远远超出应对突发事件的相关要求,为各国防疫工作设立了新标杆。

 

谭德塞说,目前疫情还在发展,需要做更多研究,特别是卫生系统脆弱的国家要加强疫情应对,这是发布疫情为突发公共卫生事件的主要原因。这也是从全球卫生安全出发,实现以证据为基础的科学理性冷静应对的必要举措,有助于其他国家采取科学合理适度的防疫措施。

 

WHO突发事件委员会主席乌桑(Didier Houssin)也在记者会上表示,突发事件委员会几乎一致同意,宣布新冠病毒疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”(PHEIC)。作此决定的考虑有三点:中国国内病例数量的增加;确认感染病例的国家数量的增加;有些国家对旅行者采取了可质疑的措施。

 


 反对针对中国的旅行或贸易限制措施 

 

针对宣布新冠病毒疫情为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”(PHEIC)后其他国家可能针对中国采取的措施,谭德塞表态称,“如果有人正在考虑采取措施,那将是错误的。WHO不建议、实际上反对任何针对中国的旅行或贸易限制措施。”


世卫组织总干事谭德塞

 

对于一些国家已采取的关闭边境、暂停航线等单边行为,WHO是否能对其做出变更?谭德塞表示,WHO会竭尽所能,以使人们能够做出正确的事。但关于一些航空公司决定停飞特定线路的决定,“WHO可能无法说服他们,因为,有些航空公司说他们取消航线,并非因为新冠病毒疫情,而是因为没有足够的乘客”。“如果是这样的话,我们将很难改变。而在其他情况下,我们会继续接触。”

 

对于目前已有一些国家针对中国旅客采取的旅行限制,乌桑表示,宣布新冠病毒疫情为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”(PHEIC),将给予WHO质疑一些国家采取的限制性举措的可能性─例如拒绝签证、对状况良好的旅行者关闭边境并隔离等举措。

 

他说,WHO将有可能提出质疑,“你为什么要做出这种决定?支持该决定的科学依据是什么,你能重新考虑这个决定吗?”乌桑称,突发事件委员会已建议WHO应让各国明白采取这些措施时所应具备的透明度。


 

 最近一次是刚果埃博拉疫情 

 

根据《国际卫生条例》,当传染病疫情满足相应条件时,总干事有权认定疫情构成突发事件。自《国际卫生条例》2007年生效以来,世卫组织曾多次发布有关疫情为突发事件。认定某种疫情构成“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,旨在动员更多国际资源应对疫情。

 

世卫以往曾5次宣布国际突发公共卫生事件,最近一宗是始于2018年8月1日刚果东部爆发的埃博拉(Ebola)疫情,迄今导致逾2000人死亡。

 

世卫突发卫生事件规划执行主任瑞安(Mike Ryan)表示,其中一项决定新冠肺炎疫情是否国际突发公共卫生事件的标准是,一旦病毒到达另一个新地方,会否在当地传播;另一准则是疫情是否已经或可能影响贸易及旅游,世卫希望在避免影响经济活动的情况下遏制疫情。

 

宣布疫情属国际突发公共卫生事件,并不会给予世卫额外的资金或权力,但有利于获更多关注,同时让总干事向各国提出建议,促使加强公共卫生措施,以及提供更多资源进行防疫,例如应否实施旅游或贸易限制,不过世卫通常避免提出贸易限制。

 

中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友表示,发布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,是世卫组织的常规做法。中国现在的防控措施是最严格的,是非常有效的,我们有信心能够有效控制疫情,最终战胜疫情。


 

 外交部:中国采取了最全面、

 最严格的防控举措 

 

外交部发言人华春莹31日就世界卫生组织发布新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”回答记者提问。

 

华春莹表示,新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情发生以来,中国政府一直本着对人民健康高度负责的态度,采取了最全面、最严格的防控举措,很多举措远超出《国际卫生条例》要求,中方完全有信心和能力,打赢这场疫情防控阻击战。

 

同时,中方本着公开透明和负责任态度向有关各方及时通报疫情信息、分享病毒基因序列。世界卫生组织及许多国家对此予以充分肯定和高度评价。

 

中国同世卫组织一直保持着密切沟通和良好合作,世卫组织专家赴武汉进行了实地考察,总干事谭德塞于日前访华,同中方就疫情防控工作充分交换了意见,对中方防控工作给予充分肯定,对中国抗击疫情为世界作出的巨大贡献表示高度赞赏。中方愿继续同世卫组织及各国一道,共同维护全球和地区公共卫生安全。


 

 国家卫健委:有信心、

 有能力有效控制并战胜疫情 

 

国家卫健委网站发布声明表示,中国政府高度重视新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防控工作,已经采取最严格的防控措施。我们有信心、有能力有效控制并最终战胜疫情。希望国际社会理解和支持中国的疫情防控工作,并与中方一道,按照《国际卫生条例》和世界卫生组织建议,共同做好疫情防控,维护地区和全球公共卫生安全。


 

 意味着什么? 

 

国家卫健委网站解释了被列为国际突发公卫事件的原因以及可能采取的措施。释义如下:

 

一、国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)是指根据《国际卫生条例》规定所确定的不同寻常的事件:(一)通过疾病的国际传播构成对其他国家的公共卫生风险;及(二)可能需要采取协调一致的国际应对措施。

 

二、临时建议

 

(一)如确定正发生国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,总干事应当根据程序发布临时建议。可酌情(包括在确定国际关注的突发公共卫生事件已经结束后)修改或延续此类临时建议,此时也可按需要发布旨在预防或迅速发现其卷土重来的其它临时建议。

 

(二)临时建议可包括遭遇国际关注的突发公共卫生事件的缔约国或其它缔约国对人员、行李、货物、集装箱、交通工具、物品和(或)邮包拟采取的卫生措施,其目的在于防止或减少疾病的国际传播和避免对国际交通的不必要干扰。

 

(三)临时建议可根据程序随时撤销,并应在公布三个月后自动失效。临时建议可修改或延续三个月。临时建议至多可持续到确定与其有关的国际关注的突发公共卫生事件之后的第二届世界卫生大会。

 

三、针对人员、行李、货物、集装箱、交通工具、物品和邮包的建议如下:

 

(一)世界卫生组织针对人员向缔约国发布的建议可包括以下意见:

 

–不必采取特定的卫生措施;

 

–审查在受染地区的旅行史;

 

–审查医学检查证明和任何实验室分析结果;

 

–需要做医学检查;

 

–审查疫苗接种或其它预防措施的证明;

 

–需要接种疫苗或采取其它预防措施;

 

–对嫌疑者进行公共卫生观察;

 

–对嫌疑者实行检疫或其它卫生措施;

 

–对受染者实行隔离并进行必要的治疗;

 

–追踪与嫌疑或受染者接触的人员;

 

–不准嫌疑或受染者入境;

 

–拒绝未感染的人员进入受染地区;以及

 

–进行出境检查并(或)限制来自受染地区的人员出境。

 

(二)世界卫生组织针对行李、货物、集装箱、交通工具、物品和邮包向缔约国发布的建议可包括以下意见:

 

–不必采取特定的卫生措施;

 

–审查载货清单和航行路线;

 

–实行检查;

 

–审查离境或过境时采取消除感染或污染措施的证明;

 

–处理行李、货物、集装箱、交通工具、物品、邮包或骸骨以消除感染或污染源(包括病媒和宿主);

 

–采取具体卫生措施以确保安全处理和运输骸骨;

 

–实行隔离或检疫;

 

–如果现有的一切处理或操作方法均不成功,则在监控的情况下查封和销毁受感染或污染或者嫌疑的行李、货物、集装箱、交通工具、物品或邮包;以及

 

–不准离境或入境。

 

 




WHO总干事宣布新冠疫情为国际公卫突发事件的讲话(英文全文)

 

WHO Director-General's statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

30 January 2020

Good evening to everyone in the room, and to everyone online.

Over the past few weeks, we have witnessed the emergence of a previously unknown pathogen, which has escalated into an unprecedented outbreak, and which has been met by an unprecedented response.


As I have said repeatedly since my return from Beijing, the Chinese government is to be congratulated for the extraordinary measures it has taken to contain the outbreak, despite the severe social and economic impact those measures are having on the Chinese people.


We would have seen many more cases outside China by now – and probably deaths – if it were not for the government’s efforts, and the progress they have made to protect their own people and the people of the world.


The speed with which China detected the outbreak, isolated the virus, sequenced the genome and shared it with WHO and the world are very impressive, and beyond words. So is China’s commitment to transparency and to supporting other countries.

In many ways, China is actually setting a new standard for outbreak response. It’s not an exaggeration.


I also offer my profound respect and thanks to the thousands of brave health professionals and all frontline responders, who in the midst of the Spring Festival, are working 24/7 to treat the sick, save lives and bring this outbreak under control.


Thanks to their efforts, the number of cases in the rest of the world so far has remained relatively small.


There are now 98 cases in 18 countries outside China, including 8 cases of human-to-human transmission in four countries: Germany, Japan, Viet Nam and the United States of America.


So far we have not seen any deaths outside China, for which we must all be grateful. Although these numbers are still relatively small compared to the number of cases in China, we must all act together now to limit further spread.


The vast majority of cases outside China have a travel history to Wuhan, or contact with someone with a travel history to Wuhan.


We don’t know what sort of damage this virus could do if it were to spread in a country with a weaker health system.


We must act now to help countries prepare for that possibility.

For all of these reasons, I am declaring a public health emergency of international concern over the global outbreak of novel coronavirus.


The main reason for this declaration is not because of what is happening in China, but because of what is happening in other countries.


Our greatest concern is the potential for the virus to spread to countries with weaker health systems, and which are ill-prepared to deal with it.


Let me be clear: this declaration is not a vote of no confidence in China. On the contrary, WHO continues to have confidence in China’s capacity to control the outbreak.


As you know, I was in China just a few days ago, where I met with President Xi Jinping. I left in absolutely no doubt about China’s commitment to transparency, and to protecting the world’s people.


To the people of China and to all of those around the world who have been affected by this outbreak, we want you to know that the world stands with you.


We are working diligently with national and international public health partners to bring this outbreak under control as fast as possible.


In total, there are now 7834 confirmed cases, including 7736 in China, representing almost 99% of all reported cases worldwide. 170 people have lost their lives to this outbreak, all of them in China.


We must remember that these are people, not numbers.


More important than the declaration of a public health emergency are the committee’s recommendations for preventing the spread of the virus and ensuring a measured and evidence-based response.


I would like to summarize those recommendations in seven key areas.


First, there is no reason for measures that unnecessarily interfere with international travel and trade. WHO doesn’t recommend limiting trade and movement.


We call on all countries to implement decisions that are evidence-based and consistent. WHO stands ready to provide advice to any country that is considering which measures to take.


Second, we must support countries with weaker health systems.

Third, accelerate the development of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics.


Fourth, combat the spread of rumours and misinformation.

Fifth, review preparedness plans, identify gaps and evaluate the resources needed to identify, isolate and care for cases, and prevent transmission.


Sixth, share data, knowledge and experience with WHO and the world.


And seventh, the only way we will defeat this outbreak is for all countries to work together in a spirit of solidarity and cooperation. We are all in this together, and we can only stop it together.


This is the time for facts, not fear.


This is the time for science, not rumours.


This is the time for solidarity, not stigma.


Thank you.





来源:新华社、财新网、外交部网站、卫健委、世卫组织、香港01等





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