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2、我是 am( eg:I am a pupil.)
你是 are (eg:You are a girl.)
Is 用在他、她、它(eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.
见到复数就用are.)
3、记住:am ,is 的复数是are.;these 这些 ;those 那些(这两个词都表示复数)
2、如果是2个或2个以上人的名词所有格要在最后一个人名加's
Eg:Lily and Lucy (名词所有格)Lily and Lucy'S
Lily Lucy and Julia (名词所有格)Lily Lucy and Julia's
3、以s结尾的名词复数所有格在后面加',eg:students'
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (宾格)"我"
主格在陈述句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 宾格)
I ask him to go (him 宾格)
They sit in front of me (me 宾格)
主格(8个):I 我 you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们 you 你们 they他(她、它)们
宾格(8个):me我 you你 him 他 her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们
1、名词的单数:表示一个人或一个事物
2、名词的复数:表示一个人以上的人或事物
名词复数的变化规律如下:
1、多数情况下在名词后面加S,s 在清辅音后读【S】
2、以s,x,sh,ch为结尾的词在词尾加es, es读作【iz】
3、以f ,fe为结尾的词去掉f或fe加ves,ves读作【vz】
4、以辅音加y 结尾的词,变y为ies
5、以元音加y结尾的词,直接加s
6、不规则变化
Man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen
Policewoman-policewomen这种情况下a变成e
1、单复数同形
Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer
2、 This 这个these这些(复数) that那个 those那些(复数) I我 we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数) am ,is是 are(复数)
变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。
Eg:把下列句子变成复数
1, I have a car ----we have cars
2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys
3, It is a car ----They are cars
4,This is an eraser ----These are erasers
5,That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks
6,I'm an English teather ------We are English teathers
7,It's a new shirt---- They are new shirts
8,He's a boy ----They are boys
9,She's a singer ------They are singers
10,What'sthis in English?---- What are these in English?
Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的
2、 名词性物主代词的特点:
1)译成汉语都有"的"
2)后面不加名词
3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
Eg:1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)
My your his her its our your their
我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的
2、形容词性物主代词的特点:
1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的
2)后面加名词:eg:my backpack his name
3)前后不用冠词 a an the
This is a my eraser(错误)
That is your a pen(错误)
It's his the pen(错误)
3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our
注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。
3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时,一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。
Eg:What is =What's
4、记住一个特殊变化:
let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i)
5、记住:
this is 没有简缩形式this's(错误)
be 提前用问号读升调
2、my变成your our变成your I am / We are 变Are you I can 变Can you
3、注意人名不论放在什么位置都要大写
Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?
4、一般疑问句翻译成汉语都有"吗"?
1)This is my English teather. Is this your English teather?
2)It is our school. Is it your school?
3)We are students. Are you students?
4)I can sing. Can you sing?
二、构成:主语 + 动词的一般过去式 + 其他
1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:
eg:I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。
(was + not = wasn't , were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
三、标志词:
yesterday 昨天 (yesterday+时间 last+时间)
ago 之前
before 在….之前
the day before yesterday 前天
just now 刚才
in+时间(in 1990)......
四:动词的一般过去时变化规律:
⑴ 一般情况直接在词尾加+ ed,
如:cook-cooked wash-washed
⑵ 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,在词尾+ d
如:like-liked live-lived
⑶ 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后一个字母再在词尾+ed
如:stop-stopped shop-shopped plan-planned 计划
⑷ 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,要改y 为 i 再加 ed
如:study-studied carry- carried 运送,搬运
另外须记不规则动词的一般过去时变形。(附:不规则动词变化表)
1、改变动词中的元音:
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
2、变词尾的–d 为t :build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、与动词原形一样:cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词):say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同词根:sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
期
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