2018高考英语语法专练：构词法（含答案和解析）

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构词法包括转化、派生和合成三种形式，今天我们就以练习的方式来具体学习一下吧！

Ⅰ. 根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空

1．It is __illegal__(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.

解析：句意：大多数国家，酒后开车违法。

2．__Misleading__ (lead) advertisements are not allowed by law.

解析：句意：法律不允许误导的广告。

3．It is __unreasonable__(reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.

解析：句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。

4．You must be __illiterate__(literate) if you have not heard of Shakespeare.

解析：句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定很无知。

5．There exists the __imbalance__(balance) between the rich and poor countries.

解析：句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。

6．Her illness had made her completely __immobile__(mobile)．

解析：句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。

7．His identity is __unknown__(know) to us so we have to confirm.

解析：句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。

8．He seems to be __unaware__(aware)of the trouble he is making.

解析：句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。

9．Jim is __impatient__(patient)with his little sister who is so noisy.

解析：句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。

10．The __unexpected__(expect)death of her son made her sad.

解析：句意：她儿子意外死亡让她很悲伤。

11．Running a business without a budget(预算) is __impractical__(practical)．

解析：句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。

12．The government __disclosed__(close) that another ambassador had been arrested for spying.

解析：句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。

13．The bright dress is __improper__(proper)for a funeral.

解析：句意：鲜艳的衣服不合适参加葬礼。

14．This delay was __unavoidable__(avoidable)so we had to be patient.

解析：句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。

15．His income is __inadequate__(adequate) to meet his basic needs and he has to find another job.

解析：句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。

16．Students get a __discount__(count)of 25% on plane tickets.

解析：句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。

17．The water is __unfit__(fit)for drinking and you have to go without water.

解析：句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。

18．It's __dishonest__(honesty)to lie about one's age.

解析：句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。

19．The injured man was __incapable__(capable)of walking, so he had to be carried.

解析：句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。

20．He was __unable__(ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety.

解析：句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。

Ⅱ. 用所给词的正确形式填空

1．The Chinese people are very __friendly__(friend) to foreigners.

解析：空处应填friend的形容词形式。

2．I think it'll be __sunny__(sun)this afternoon.

解析：空处应填形容词作表语。

3．David moved __cautiously__(caution) forward.

解析：句意：大卫小心翼翼地往前挪。

4．Without reform, social and economic problems can only be __worse__(bad)．

解析：句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。

5．The teacher gave them __instructions__(instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning.

解析：句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。

6．Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in __injury__(injure)to the liver.

解析：名词injury表示“伤害”。

7．“Thank you.” is a polite __expression__(express) which is widely used in English.

解析：a polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。

8．He __bravely__(brave)went into the burning house to rescue the baby. Everybody present praised him for his __bravery__(brave)．

解析：第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。

9．Most Chinese like drinking tea, while __Americans__(America) like coffee.

解析：Americans与前一句中Chinese相呼应。

10．More and more people go in for sports in modern __times__(time)．

解析：in modern/ancient times“在现代/古代”，为固定搭配。

11．Nice to meet you, Tom. Did you have a good __flight__(fly)?

解析：形容词后接名词。

12．Too much hunting __endangered__(danger) many species in the past.

解析：动词作谓语，根据in the past可知用一般过去时。

13．Harry Potter is a boy who is full of __imagination__(imagine)．

解析：名词imagination表示“想象力”。

14．After __graduation/graduating__(graduate), he left China for America for further study.

解析：介词后接名词或动名词。

15．If you want to go __traveling__(travel), you'd better get everything ready in advance.

解析：go traveling/swimming/fishing/camping/shopping等为固定结构。

16．Which means of __transportation__(transport) will you use if you travel to Beijing?

解析：means of transportation“交通方式”。

17．You should assume that the __winners__(win) would receive big money but they only got a certificate.

解析：从后面的they可以看出，此处指“获胜者”，并且要用复数。

18．__Surprisingly__(surprise), he should lose his temper in public.

解析：副词surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。

19．__Unexpectedly__(expect), the injured athlete came first in the 100－meter dash.

解析：副词unexpectedly表示“出人意料地”，修饰整个句子。

20．The fish is a bit __smelly__(smell). We can't eat it.

解析：be动词后用形容词。smelly“臭的”。

21．Look up the __meaning__(mean)of the word in the dictionary.

解析：名词meaning表示“意思”。

22．New __scientific__(science) discoveries are being made at an increasing speed.

解析：形容词scientific表示“科学的”。

23．The mother __undressed__(dress) her baby and gave it a bath.

解析：动词undress表示“脱衣”，与gave一致，用过去时。

24．The scenery of Zhangjiajie is so __attractive__(attract) that many tourists go there every year.

解析：形容词attractive表示“迷人的”。

25．The farmer was bitten to death by__poisonous__(poison) snakes.

解析：形容词poisonous表示“有毒的”。

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