运动员心脏:摩根罗思假说过时了吗?
正常人和不同项目运动员心脏的区别
(运动生理学,人体社2021版)
1975 年,Morganroth 等首次应用超声心动图发现,力量型运动员的心脏改变表现为左室壁增厚与左室重量增加(向心性肥厚),而左室舒张末期容积在正常范围内,耐力型运动员的左室舒张末期容积和左室重量增加,而左室壁厚度正常(离心性肥厚);使用瓦尔沙瓦动作(Valsalva Maneuver,VM)进行阻力训练会导致与高血压或主动脉瓣狭窄相似的血液动力学压力。后来学者将这种现象称之为 “Morganroth hypothesis(摩根罗思假说)”。这一假说自诞生起,因其较好的解释了不同运动训练类型导致的心肌肥大的专项特征,而逐渐被运动医学和运动训练学学者广泛接受。但随着心脏检测手段和研究深度的向前推进,这一观点开始受到一些学者的质疑。
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