印证讲座 ｜ 协调传统与现代——台湾地区佛教寺院教育的变迁

印证讲座

主讲人：欧慧峰 牛津大学

与谈人：道格拉斯·M·吉尔多 香港中文大学

              黄思浩 慈济基金会

主持人：赵悠 北京大学

时    间：2023年2月18日 14:00-16:00

讲座摘要：尽管在家群体的不断介入被认为是佛教现代化的一个普遍特征，但二十世纪另一个重要的变革则发生在中国寺院教育上。太虚等人倡导的改革方案曾被奉为未来僧伽的摹本。而当中国大陆的僧伽发展一度中断的时候，台湾地区佛教却持续在优渥的环境中成长。二十世纪后半叶，不论在“中国佛教会”的领导期间还是之后，都有数家僧团创建了自己的教育模式。这些体系一般分为两个层级，对应于现代院校的本科和研究生阶段。虽然这些院校同时接受僧人和在家学生学习，但并未受到世俗机构的教育认证。事实上，二十一世纪早年，高等教育法曾经开放，认可佛教研修院的高等教育。一些大型的佛教组织当时抓住了这个开放的机会，同时保留部分不接受认证的机构，由此造就了双重的寺院教育系统。在这一系列发展过程中，更古老的“三坛大戒”始终延续，相对保持不变；即便戒律改良者在调整受戒仪式的种种要素时，它也仍然作为出家人僧伽教育的深层结构存在，由此有别于现代教育机构和在家人的参与形式。在多重的受戒、在得到与不得到教育部门认证的机构之间，台湾地区的僧团面对传统与现代教育体系的张力，提出了多重回应并持续进行协调。这些协调应该让我们停下来重新思考关于佛教现代性的一般理论。

Negotiating Tradition and Modernity

— The Changing Face of Taiwanese Buddhist Monastic Education

Although increasing lay involvement is considered a common feature of Buddhist modernism, a revolution was also taking place in twentieth century Chinese monastic education. Reforms to tradition proposed by the likes of Taixu were touted as being a future standard requirement for Saṅghins. While developments in mainland China were disrupted for a generation, that in Taiwan continued uninterrupted growth in fertile soil. Several educational models were established by monastic orders in the latter half of the twentieth century, both during and after the period of BAROC leadership. These typically operated with two levels, in conformity with modern undergrad and graduate studies, yet remained unaccredited by secular authorities, despite most such institutions being open to both ordained Saṅghins and lay students. In the early twenty-first century, changes to secular tertiary educational law allowed accreditation for tertiary Buddhist studies departments. Several larger Buddhist organizations seized open this opportunity, but also retained their unaccredited institutions, leading to a duplication of monastic education systems. Throughout all these developments, the far older system of ‘triple platform ordination’ continued, relatively unchanged. While Vinaya reformers refined elements of the ordination system, it still serves as a deeper layer of renunciant monastic education distinct from modern educational institutions and lay participation. Between the multiple layers of ordination, unaccredited and accredited institutions, Taiwanese monastic traditions formulated multiple responses and continue to negotiate the relationship between traditional and modern educational systems. These negotiations should give pause to our theorizing of Buddhist modernity. 

Matthew Orsborn

欧慧峰

主讲人

欧慧峰（Matthew Orsborn）是一位来自新西兰的佛教研究学者。2000年他在佛光山受戒出家成為一名僧人，直至2017年。期间，他先后在香港大学获得了硕士和博士学位（2012年）。其博士论文关注般若经典的倒置平行结构，已于近期正式出版，题為《早期般若经的结构与解释：以交错理论为分析》（2022）。除此，他还发表过数篇其它佛教经典中交错现象的研究。欧慧峰的另一项重要成果是基于巴利文、梵文和汉文文献的研究：《老牌空性─空性叙述中之詮释、批判与传承》（2016），挑战了学界对印度佛教空观的主流叙述。在印度佛教文学与哲学之外，欧慧峰在台湾地区佛教传统中的亲身经历也激发他在近年转向中国佛教僧团的受戒、教育与僧院生活等方面的研究。他曾先后在中国大陆与港台、澳洲、泰国和英国执教，目前是牛津大学亚洲与中东研究係的院友。

Matthew Orsborn is a Buddhist studies scholar originally from New Zealand. He was an ordained monastic with the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist order from 2000 to 2017, and received his MA and PhD at the University of Hong Kong, graduating in 2012. His dissertation on inverted parallel structures in the Perfection of Wisdom literature was later published as The Structure and Interpretation of Early Prajñāpāramitā: An Analysis via Chiasmic Theory, and he has several other journal articles on chiasmus in Buddhist texts. Working with Pāli, Sanskrit and Chinese literature, Matthew’s other main work is Old School Emptiness: Hermeneutics, Criticism and Tradition in the Narrative of Śūnyatā, which challenges the standard narrative of emptiness in Indian Buddhism. Along with such writings on Indian Buddhist literature and philosophy, Matthew’s experience in contemporary Chinese/Taiwanese Buddhist traditions has inspired him to recently turn his research attention to Chinese Buddhist monastic ordination, education, and the lived experience of monastic life. He has taught Buddhist studies in Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Australia, Thailand and Oxford, where he is presently a Faculty Associate at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. 

Douglas M. Gildow

道格拉斯·M·吉尔多

与谈人

道格拉斯·M·吉尔多博士毕业于普林斯顿大学，现任香港中文大学中国佛教专业助理教授。2016-18年间，他曾受到圣严基金会的支持，在佛罗里达州立大学宗教学系进行博士后研究。吉尔多博士的研究兴趣集中在现代中国佛教的思想与制度变迁，近年关注的专题包括舍利崇拜、肉身舍利、禪宗史学史、仪式、僧团生活及思想史等，相关论文曾先后发表在《亚洲专刊》、《中国宗教》、《中国宗教研究》、《佛学研究》、《宗教与中国社会评论》等专业期刊上。另英译过两部佛教研究著作。

Douglas M. Gildow (PhD, Princeton University, 2016) is assistant professor of Chinese Buddhism at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). Previously, he held the Sheng Yen postdoctoral fellowship (2016-18) in the Department of Religion, Florida State University.              Gildow’s research interests center on intellectual and institutional change in modern Chinese Buddhism. He has published on topics such as relic worship, mummification practices, Chan historiography, ritual performance, monasticism, and intellectual history. His articles on these topics have been published in journals including Asia Major, Journal of Chinese Religions, Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies, Foxue Yanjiu佛學研究, and Review of Religion and Chinese Society. He has also translated two books on Buddhism from Chinese into English.    

Joe  Huang

黄思浩

与谈人

黄思浩先生毕业于美国康纳尔大学，主修计算机工程与经济学。2010年起，他為慈济基金会工作，先后与联合国各分支机构合作，协调四川、福建、尼泊尔、海地等地灾后的应急救援、长期重建，以及慈济基金会国际志愿者群体的发展与教育等项目。现任慈济基金会精实企划室主任，并為静思精舍清修士。

Joe Cheng-yu Huang is currently Director of Lean Planning for Volunteer Development at Tzu Chi Foundation and a pure practitioner at the Jing Si Abode. He graduated from Cornell University, majoring in Computer Science and Economics. Since 2010, he has been working for Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation: He coordinated emergency response, long-term rebuilding and reconstruction efforts after Sichuan earthquake, Fujian flooding, Nepal and Haiti earthquake etc., in cooperation with various UN branches; He also led and coordinated global volunteer development and education programs for Tzu Chi branches worldwide.

温馨提示：本讲座以英文进行，线上听讲请点击以下zoom链接，或使用密码登陆：

https://zoomtw.zoom.us/j/99533969080?pwd=WXY3QkVCR0lzVTc4VUx5MVV1eElJQT09

Meeting ID: 995 3396 9080

Passcode: 054476