专题报告 | COVID-19及其他人类冠状病毒相关疾病的治疗药物和疫苗研发概览
Special report highlights potential therapeutic agents, vaccines for COVID-19
自2019年12月首次在中国报道以来，COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)在全球迅速蔓延，这种由SARS-CoV-2(新型冠状病毒)引起的疾病已经形成全球性流行趋势。科学家和医务工作者们正在争分夺秒地认识这种新病毒，了解此疾病的病理生理过程，探寻可能的治疗方案以及开发有效的治疗药物和疫苗。为了支持COVID-19的疗法和疫苗的研究，科学信息解决方案提供商美国化学会分支机构美国化学文摘社(CAS) 的研究人员在ACS Central Science上发表了特别专题报告。该报告综述了已发表的有关COVID-19潜在治疗药物和疫苗的科学信息，并重点介绍了CAS数据库中经科学家标引的专利文献。
在美国化学文摘社(CAS)总裁曼努埃尔•古兹曼先生(Mr. Manuel Guzman)及副总裁吉尔斯•乔治博士(Dr. Gilles Georges)领导下，由科学信息经理刘瑜博士(Dr. Cynthia Liu)带领CAS科学家团队分析了已发表的有关SARS-CoV-2和相关冠状病毒的科学信息数据。报告强调由于SARS-CoV-2与其他冠状病毒相似(如SARS-CoV-1和MERS-CoV)，先前对类似病毒疗法的研究有可能应用到针对SARS-CoV-2的研究中。
根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的数据，截至北京时间2020年3月19日早6时，COVID-19的确诊病例已达207,860例，死亡8,657例。其致病病毒SARS-CoV-2主要攻击人体下呼吸道系统，引起病毒性肺炎；但也可能影响胃肠道系统、心脏、肾脏、肝脏和中枢神经系统。如果无法快速遏制SARS-CoV-2的传播，全球卫生体系、经济以及每个人的生活都将遭到毁灭性的打击。
近期，与COVID-19、SARS-CoV-2和人类冠状病毒相关的期刊文章、专利文献正在激增，从2019年最后一周到2020年3月1日期间，已有500多份期刊文章以电子或印刷版的形式发表，且数量还在稳定增长；主题涵盖了临床表现、治疗方案、病毒结构和机制、抗病毒药物和诊断方法。
报告特别关注对冠状病毒感染和复制可能拥有抑制作用的各类小分子和生物制药。报告记录的药物着重包括对其他RNA病毒(包括SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV)有效的已知药物或者正在研发的药物。冠状病毒相关生物制药方面的专利分析包括抗体药物、细胞因子、针对病毒基因表达的核酸疗法以及各种类型的疫苗。500多项专利揭示了这四种潜在治疗和预防冠状病毒感染的生物制药的研究方法，这些方法可能适用于新冠COVID-19。本篇报告所概括的信息将为治疗药物和疫苗的研发打下了坚实的知识基础。
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Since the first reports of a new coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe, threatening a pandemic. Now, researchers from CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society specializing in scientific information solutions, have issued a special report in ACS Central Science. In the report, they provide an overview of published scientific information on potential therapeutic agents and vaccines for the virus, with an emphasis on patents.
According to the World Health Organization, as of March 19, 2020, COVID-19 caused more than 207,860 confirmed illnesses and more than 8,657 deaths. The responsible virus, known as SARS-CoV-2, primarily attacks the lower respiratory system to cause viral pneumonia, but it may also affect the gastrointestinal system, heart, kidney, liver and central nervous system. If SARS-CoV-2 is not quickly contained, the virus could have devastating effects on people’s lives, worldwide health systems and the global economy. To assist with research efforts to discover therapies and vaccines for COVID-19, under leadership of Mr. Manuel Guzman, President and Dr. Gilles Georges, Vice President & CSO of CAS, Dr. Cynthia Liu (Manager of Scientific Information) led a group of CAS scientists and analyzed the published scientific data on SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses.
The researchers reviewed the rapidly growing body of journal articles related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, as well as patents having to do with human coronaviruses. From the last week of 2019 through March 1, 2020, more than 500 journal articles related to the virus were published electronically or in print, with numbers steadily increasing week-by-week. Topics included clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, viral structure and mechanisms, antiviral agents, and diagnostics. To date, more than 500 patents have been issued for vaccines and for therapeutic agents, such as antibodies, cytokines and nucleic acids, that could help prevent or treat coronavirus infections. Because SARS-CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, the researchers highlighted therapies previously explored for these other viruses that could also be applicable to SARS-CoV-2.
The report highlights antiviral strategies involving small molecules and biologics targeting complex molecular interactions involved in coronavirus infection and replication. The drug-repurposing effort documented herein focuses primarily on agents known to be effective against other RNA viruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The patent analysis of coronavirus-related biologics includes therapeutic antibodies, cytokines, and nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression as well as various types of vaccines. More than 500 patents disclose methodologies of these four biologics with the potential for treating and preventing coronavirus infections, which may be applicable to COVID-19. The information included in this report provides a strong intellectual groundwork for the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines.
The authors do not acknowledge any funding sources for this study.
About American Chemical Society
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. ACS’ mission is to advance the broader chemistry enterprise and its practitioners for the benefit of Earth and its people. The Society is a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related information and research through its multiple research solutions, peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences, eBooks and weekly news periodical Chemical & Engineering News. ACS journals are among the most cited, most trusted and most read within the scientific literature; however, ACS itself does not conduct chemical research. As a specialist in scientific information solutions (including SciFinder® and STN®), its CAS division powers global research, discovery and innovation. ACS’ main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.
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