杰肯道夫讲座视频｜Jackendoff：The Texture of the Lexicon 词库的组织结构

转自：认知语言学

2020年疫情带来的影响不言而喻，国内外众多语言学会议和讲座或无限期推迟，或转为线上进行。一时间，各类公众号和自媒体上的讲座直播通告令人应接不暇。

巴西语言学会（Abralin, Associação Brasileira de Linguística）在疫情期间广泛联络世界各地知名语言学家，策划了Abralin Ao Vivo（即 Linguists Online）系列讲座，自6月起通过YouTube频道向全球直播。获邀参加的语言学家已超过百位，可谓大师云集，规模空前。陕西师大语言与认知研究所（CogLing.cn）与Abralin达成合作关系，获得Abralin独家内容授权，通过本微信公号向中国大陆学者同行独家转发该系列讲座的精选内容。

今日发布精选集第2期，主讲人为杰肯道夫(Ray Jackendoff)，讲座题目“The Texture of the Lexicon:  Relational Morphology in the Parallel Architecture”，直播时间为2020年6月17日。视频英文字幕为认知语言学公号后期制作，限于精力，未经逐字校对，敬请谅解。

视频长度1小时30分

关于Jackendoff“平行式框架”的理论述评见：

张韧.平行式框架下的认知语义研究[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),2005(01):30-40.

“Jackendoff(1997,2002)近年批评主流生成语法的句法中心观,提出平行组织语法信息的框架,并将语法信息(包括词库中的信息)统一处理为词汇化的语法模型。在语义部分,Jackendoff将其纳入百科信息,用于概念的复杂组合。这些理论发展与认知语义学和构型语法完全一致,但认知语言学家会认为Jackendoff在几个问题上面临困难,包括构型的本质、语法板块模式以及在概念语义学中对百科知识的操作。另一方面,Jackendoff对句法中心的批评和对概念语义学的发展对汉语语义组织的探讨会有启发。”

Engish Introduction

Linguistic theory has emphasized Humboldt’s “infinite use of finite means,” to the relative neglect of the “finite means,” i.e. the lexicon.  What does a language user store in the lexicon, and in what form?  We explore this question in the context of the Parallel Architecture (Jackendoff 1997, 2002; Culicover and Jackendoff 2005).  Within this outlook, lexical items are pieces of phonological, (morpho)syntactic, and semantic structures, and morphology is the grammar of word-sized pieces of structure. Unlike classical syntactic patterns, the majority of morphological patterns are not productive, and their instances must be listed in the lexicon.  They therefore present a number of important difficulties for a grammar formulated in terms of traditional rules.  More adequate is a formulation in terms of schemas, along the lines of Construction Grammar and especially Construction Morphology.  Nonproductive schemas do not build new structures; rather, they motivate relations among items stored in the lexicon.   In addition to building novel structures, productive schemas can also motivate relations within the lexicon. This leads to a new perspective on productive patterns:  the principles used to build novel structures are simply a subset of the schemas in the lexicon, and productive schemas can be thought of as schemas “gone viral.” We conclude that the focus in linguistic theory on the “infinite use of finite means” has deflected attention from a more basic issue:  the form of the lexicon and the relationships within it.   This outlook on morphological relations in the lexicon has consequences for syntactic theory as well.  First, it offers an account of nonproductive syntactic constructions – Culicover’s (1999) “syntactic nuts.”  Second, it suggests a nontraditional approach to syntactic alternations, in which movement operations are replaced by relations between independent constructions.  We will briefly mention some possible cases. 

Note: This talk is based on my recent book of the same title, co-authored with Jenny Audring of Leiden University.

版权方：Abralin ao Vivo - Linguists Online is an initiative of Abralin - Associação Brasileira de Linguística in cooperation with several linguistics associations.

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