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【前沿】中国学者研究获得一种可同时抵抗新城疫和高致病性禽流感H7N9的二价候选疫苗

2017-11-09 Annabella 病毒学界

导  语

        自2013年起,我国经历了五波H7N9流感疫情流行,并在第五波流行季的人群和禽类中检测发现H7N9变异株HA蛋白裂解位点插入4个氨基酸,标志着H7N9流感病毒出现了由低致病性向高致病性的转变,高致病性H7N9流感病毒的出现为中国的公共卫生和养禽业带来双重挑战。根据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)的报道,截止2017年6月5日,中国的养殖禽业中已暴发过9次高致病性禽流感(HPAI)H7N9,造成800,000多只鸡死亡。为此,一种可有效抵御高致病性H7N9禽流感病毒的疫苗将有助于控制病毒在家禽中的流行。

近日,扬州大学刘秀梵院士等在Vaccine杂志上发表题为《Newcastle disease virus (NDV)recombinant expressing the hemagglutinin of H7N9 avian influenza virus protectschickens against NDV and highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) viruschallenges》的简讯,成功构建了一种可以表达禽流感病毒H7N9 HA蛋白的NDV载体疫苗株rLXHAF,可保护鸡群同时抵抗新城疫强毒和高致病性禽流感病毒H7N9的攻击。高致病性H7N9的疫情防控提供了研究数据。

基本知识

     高致病性H7N9流感病毒的出现,为我国公共卫生和养禽业带来双重挑战,一种可有效抵御高致病性H7N9禽流感病毒的疫苗将有助于控制病毒在家禽中的流行。与此同时,新城疫(ND)也是一种严重的禽类传染病的疾病,广泛存在于许多国家。根据感染鸡的临床症状,新城疫病毒(NDV)的毒株可分为3种主要类型:强毒株(表现高死亡率,严重的出血热,有呼吸道和神经症状);中等毒力株(表现呼吸道症状,但死亡率低);弱毒株(仅表现轻微呼吸的道感染或亚临床症状)。NDV弱毒株常被用作活毒疫苗免疫家禽,也可以用作家禽活毒疫苗的载体。目前已有许多应用NDV作为活病毒载体的禽类疫苗研究典范。


结果速览

1、双价疫苗的构建:

        为了获得可同时低于新城疫和高致病性H7N9流感病毒的双价疫苗,研究者将低致病性H7N9流感病毒A/chicken/Zhejiang/JX148/2014(简称JX148)的HA与NDV F蛋白相融合,成功构建一种够同时抵抗NDV和HPAIH7N9的二价候选疫苗,命名为rLXHAF(图1A),经western-blot和免疫荧光检测,融合有NDV F蛋白TM/CTD 区的HA外功能区可以很好的整合到NDV病毒粒上(图1B-1D),该重组病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞CEF中生长动力学在72h和96h时可与野生型病毒无明显差异(图1E)。

Fig. 1. Construction and characterization of the rNDVs expressing the HA protein of H7N9 virus


2、双价疫苗在鸡群中的免疫反应:

        将双价疫苗免疫鸡群后,分别使用血凝抑制抗体、中和抗体和ELISA结合抗体IgG等检测方法评估疫苗诱发的针对NDV和同型H7N9 的免疫反应,结果发现,难以检测到针对HA的HI和MN,但可以检测到较高滴度的HA总抗体

IgG(IgY1)(图2)。

Fig. 2. Antibody titers induced by the recombinant NDVs in chickens. Each vaccination group was divided into two subgroups and the text in parenthesis indicates the challenge virus. A: HI antibody titers against NDV. B: VN antibody titers against NDV. C: NDV-specific IgY antibody titers as determined by ELISA. D: HI antibody titers against H7N9. E: VN antibody titers against H7N9. F: H7 HA-specific IgY antibody titers measured by ELISA


3、双价疫苗在鸡群中的免疫保护效果:

        使用10的5次方 EID50 的致死性 NDV 或 HPAI H7N9进行攻击,结果发现,疫苗对感染NDV鸡群的保护率为100%,对感染HPAI H7N9的鸡群保护率可达80%,并能减少NDV和H7N9的病毒载量,证实疫苗确实可以使鸡群有效抵抗NDV和HPAI H7N9(Table 1)。


ABSTRACT

The emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) (HPAI) viruses in China pose a dual challenge to public health and poultry industry. Thus H7N9 vaccines are in an urgent need. In this study, we constructed a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-vectored vaccine (rLXHAF) expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 virus fused with the transmembrane/cytoplasmic tail domain of the NDV fusion protein. rLXHAF stably expressed the HA protein, exhibited similar growth kinetics and pathogenicity as the parental virus. rLXHAF induced positive NDV-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI), virus neutralization (VN) and total IgY antibodies and completely protected chickens from NDV challenge. Unexpectedly, rLXHAF elicited undetectable HI and VN titers but high overall IgY antibody titers against H7N9 measured by ELISA. The vaccine provided 80% protection against HPAI H7N9 challenge. Virus shedding of NDV and H7N9 challenge strains was reduced. Our results suggest that rLXHAF is immunogenic and efficacious against HPAI H7N9 virus in chickens.


Hight


1. NDV-vectored H7 bivalent vaccinecandidate provided a dual protection from virulent NDV and HPAI H7N9 viruschallenges.

2. The vaccine induced negative HI and VNantibody responses but high levels of HA-specific IgY antibody as measured by ELISA.

3. HI and VN antibody are not good indicatorsfor protection induced by H7 vector vaccines in chickens.


原文链接:

ZengleiHu,XiaowenLiu,XinanJiao, XiufanLiu.Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinant expressing the hemagglutinin of H7N9avian influenza virus protects chickens against NDV and highly pathogenic avianinfluenza A (H7N9) virus challenges.

doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.010

本期编辑:Annabella

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