高中英语语法详解: 高考英语常考动词与动词短语总结 (收藏学习)
温馨提示：公众号中回复“英语语法”查看语法系统总结。
高中英语语法精细总结
每天学习一点点，成绩提高看得见！
◄高考英语常考动词与动词短语总结►
一、及物动词与不及物动词：
常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain,forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。
常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有：
1. 直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell,lend等。
2. 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save,spare等。
3. 既可加to，也可加for的动词：do, get, play,sing等。
常见的不及物动词主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die,disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise,lie, happen等。
二、延续性动词与终止性动词：
延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for +一段时间，since +时间点，since +一段时间+ ago，since +从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有：have, possess, keep, know, learn, live, read, sleep,wait, work, look, hear, smell等。
终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until / till连用，构成“not +终止性动词+ until / till...”的句型，意为“直到……才……”。如：
I will not go to beduntil I finish drawing the picture tonight.
三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：
1. 动词+介词：
“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。在被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agree with, burst into, call on, consist of, dealwith, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hearfrom, insist on, look / stare / glare at, prepare for, result in,set about等。
2. 动词+副词：
1）及物动词+副词。这类短语动词常用的有：cut off, take down, put out, take over, turn down,turn over, throw away, figure out等。
2）不及物动词+副词。后面不跟宾语，没有被动语态。这类短语动词常用的有：die away, give in, go ahead, hold on, run away,stand out等。
3. 动词+名词+介词：
这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of,compare notes with, declare war on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, makefun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of,take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。
4. 动词+副词+介词：
这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with,come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。
5. be+形容词+介词：
这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed /used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famousfor, be fit / suitable for等。
考点归纳：
动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：
1. 动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。
2.高频动词短语意义辨析。
主要考点: 考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold,keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。需要特别关注:
1. break
break away from 放弃, 打破; 脱离关系
break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解
break in 闯入, 插嘴
break into 闯入
break out (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生
break up 打碎, 分手, 分开, 关系破裂
2. bring
bring about 导致, 造成, 引起
bring down 使倒下, 使降低
bring in 引进; 带来; 赚得; 收获
bring forward 提出; 提前
bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现
bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐
3. call
call for 要求; 需要; 去取或去接
call back 回电话; 回忆起
call in 召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访
call up 打电话给; 召集; 使想起
call off 取消
call on 号召, 拜访
4. come
come about 发生
come to 苏醒; 总计
come across 偶遇; 无意中发现
come true 实现, 成为现实(不及物)
come out 出版; 结果是
come up (建议、计划等)被提出
come up with 提出(建议、计划等)
come on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油; (不耐烦)得了, 算了吧!
5. get
get across 解释清楚; 使……被理解
get away from 避免; 摆脱, 逃离
get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成
get around 四处走动; 传播开来
get down to 开始认真做某事
get along/on with 进展; 与……相处
get over 克服; 恢复
get rid of 摆脱; 除去
get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话
6. give
give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发
give back 归还
give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输
give out 分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽
give up 放弃
7. go
go against 违背; 不利于; 反对
go ahead 开始(做某事); (表同意)
go around 参观; (消息)传播
go by 过去; 经过
go down 下降; 下沉
go on 继续; 发生; 进行
go over 复习, 仔细检查
go through 穿过; 经历; 仔细检查
go with 与……相配
go without 没有……也行
8. hold
hold back 犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止
hold on=hang on别挂断; 等一会儿; 坚持
hold out 坚持; 伸出
hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁
hold on to 紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃
9. keep
keepaway from 远离; 避开
keep back 留下; 隐瞒; 克制(感情)
keep on 继续; 坚持下去
keep out of 置身于……外; 避开
keep up 保持; 继续; 不低落
keep up with 跟上;
keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕
keep an eye on 照看; 密切注视
10. leave
leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管
leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃
leave out 遗漏, 忽略
11. look
lookaround 环顾四周
look away from 把目光从……移开
look into 调查; 窥视
look back on/upon回忆，回顾
look up 查找, 查询; 向上看
look up to 尊敬; 敬仰
look down upon 歧视, 看不起
look forward to 盼望; 期待
look through 浏览; 快速查看
look out (for) 当心, 留意, 小心
look on 旁观
12. make
make use of 利用
make up 组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解
make up for 补偿; 弥补
make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致
make sense 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通
make sense of 理解; 弄明白
make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出
make it 成功
13. put
put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄
put away 收拾, 整理; 储存
put back 把……放回原处; 推迟
put forward 提出; 拨快
put down 记下, 写下, 镇压
put out 伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版
put up 建造, 张贴; 提供住宿
put up with 忍受; 容忍
put on 穿上, 增加, 上演
14. set
set aside 划出; 留出; 拨出
set about doing sth. 着手做某事
set out 出发, 动身
set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸
set up 建立, 创立
15. turn
turn away 走开; 转过脸去
turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低
turn up 开大; 出现, 到场
turn out 结果是, 证明是; 生产
turn over 翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑
turn against 反对; 背叛
turn to 转向; 求助于
16. take
take after 长得像某人
take apart 拆开; 拆卸
take back 收回, 撤销
take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下
take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺
take up 从事; 占据(时间、空间); 着手处理; 接着做
take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗
take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功,
take on 呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用
take over 接管, 接收
take advantage of 利用
takeit easy 放松, 别紧张
take your time 慢慢来, 别着急
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take action 采取行动
常见的系动词的用法：
1. 表示变化类的系动词，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, make等。
2. 表示感觉类的系动词，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。
3. 表示状态类的系动词，如keep, remain, stand, stay, lie等。
4. 表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem, appear,look, 表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。
5. 此类系动词的特点：①只适用于主动语态；②只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。
动词的一词多义用法：
很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有：
1. act (v. & n. 行动)
e.g. It will takeseveral hours before the drug really acts. ( vi. 起作用)
2. address (n. 地址；vt. 写地址)
e.g. President Obama wasscheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7. (vt. 向……做演说)
3. appreciate (vt. 欣赏，感激，感谢)
e.g. They soonappreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v. 意识到)
4. attend (vt. 参加，出席)
e.g. With severalpatients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (vt. 照料，照顾)
With three kidsattending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and night to earnmore money. (vt.上学)
5. count (n. & v. 计数，数)
e.g. It is not what youare thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v. 重要，有价值)
6. escape (vi. 逃跑，逃脱)
e.g. I saw a familiarface in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt. 被忘掉)
The harmful gases areescaping from the pipe. (vi. 泄漏，漏出)
7. fail (vi. 失败)
e.g. Fresh vegetablesused to fail in winter. (vi. 不足，缺乏)
With time passing by,his memory is failing. (vi. 衰退)
Try as the family might,they failed to find the lost child in the town. (vi. 未能)
8. introduce (vt. 介绍)
e.g. When tomatoes werefirst introduced into Europe, they didn’taccept them at all. (vt.引入)
9. make (vt. 制造)
e.g. New laws have beenmade to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt. 制定)
He is making his owntrouble by doing this. (vt.引起，导致，造成)
She will make a greatteacher. (vt.成为，使形成)
10. observe (vt. 观察)
e.g. Having lived abroadfor many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt. 遵守)
Every year, we willobserve the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt. 庆祝)
11. work (v. & n. 工作)
e.g. The medicine willsoon work. (vi. 起作用)
The machine works verywell. (vi. 运转)
收藏起来随时学习，马上分享给好友一起PK吧！
感觉有用请点点在看