论文快递：第一百五十五期
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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百五十五期，将介绍Urban Studies Online First的三篇论文与Urban Studies Current Issue的两篇论文。主题包括城市水治理，私人非营利慈善机构与无家可归的移民，护理部门的全球移民，城市研究的后验比较，城市比较研究特刊简介，欢迎阅读。
01
Urban water governance as policy boosterism: Seoul’s legitimation at the local and global scale
作为政策助推器的城市水治理：首尔在地方和全球范围内的合法性
Abstract
While cities gain international momentum, they increasingly connect to innovate and learn from each other. The attraction of attention and resources lies beneath the economic reasons that drive most of the international entrepreneurship of city governments. In parallel to common market-based strategies, cities also harness their key internal policies as value-added elements to share among peers in order to enhance their transnational reputation. Contrary to business-friendly initiatives that are embedded in an economic rationality, this second type of transnational entrepreneurship revolves around the perceived reputation of local policy-making actors in their own right. By establishing an interdisciplinary dialogue between urban geography and international studies, this article proposes the international promotion of Seoul’s water management policy as an empirical case of policy boosterism, unearthing a social practice of legitimation enacted by the city government of Seoul that is simultaneously local and global.
Keywords legitimacy, policy boosterism, Seoul, urban water governance
关键词合法性, 政策推动主义, 首尔, 城市水治理
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221097500
02
Welcoming the unwelcome: Migration industries and border control for homeless job-seeking migrants in central Copenhagen
欢迎不受欢迎的人：哥本哈根市中心无家可归的求职移民的移民行业和边境管制
Abstract
As modes of border control increasingly shift to cities, private charities that engage in caring for non-national homeless migrants risk, unintentionally and unwillingly, serving the so-called ‘migration industries’ as front agencies for the European border regime. Since the 2008 financial crisis, which hit migrant populations in southern Europe particularly hard, the number of homeless migrants sleeping rough in northern European cities has increased. In Copenhagen, these new homeless include jobless West African men who reside in Spain or Italy but are transiently in the city to reboot their lives by collecting empty deposit-carrying bottles left on the streets. Political will to address this rising social problem at state and city levels has so far been limited, leaving the private non-profit charities of central Copenhagen as sole providers of care for homeless migrants. This article examines how these long-established institutions, which used to provide care primarily to locals with substance dependencies or mental health problems, have transformed into migrant industries shaped by the logic of the European border regime. For this purpose, prior research on urban borderlands and homeless migrants is reviewed, and documents issued by non-profit charities operating in the field of urban homelessness are analysed. The article focuses on the increasingly hostile elements of state and municipal policies on non-Western migrants, which work to divide ‘our’ homeless from the migrant ‘others’. It also considers the various ways in which charities work to enable different survival strategies to emerge and be maintained among migrants without access to the formal labour market, and finally how charities’ transformed role affects their relationships with local residents.
摘要
随着边境控制模式越来越多地向城市转移，从事照顾非本国无家可归移民的私人慈善机构可能会无意和不情愿地为所谓的“移民行业”提供服务，作为欧洲边境制度的前线机构。自 2008 年金融危机对南欧的移民人口造成特别严重的打击以来，在北欧城市露宿街头的无家可归移民人数有所增加。在哥本哈根，这些新的无家可归者包括居住在西班牙或意大利的失业西非男子，但他们暂时在该市通过收集留在街上的空存款瓶来重新开始他们的生活。迄今为止，在州和城市层面解决这一日益严重的社会问题的政治意愿有限，哥本哈根市中心的私人非营利慈善机构成为无家可归移民的唯一提供者。本文探讨了这些历史悠久的机构，这些机构过去主要为有物质依赖或精神健康问题的当地人提供护理，如何转变为受欧洲边境制度逻辑塑造的移民产业。为此，回顾了以往对城市边缘地区和无家可归者的研究，并分析了在城市无家可归者领域运作的非营利慈善机构发布的文件。这篇文章关注的是州和市政政策中对非西方移民日益敌对的因素，这些因素将“我们的”无家可归者与移民的“其他人”区分开来。它还考虑了慈善机构的各种工作方式，以使不同的生存策略在无法进入正规劳动力市场的移民中出现和维持，最后，慈善机构的角色转变如何影响他们与当地居民的关系。
Keywords bordering, gentrification, homeless migrants, migration industries, neighbourhood change
关键词
边境，绅士化，无家可归的居民，移民产业，社区变迁
原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221094399
03
Moving nurses to cities: On how migration industries feed into glocal urban assemblages in the care sector
将护士转移到城市：关于移民行业如何融入护理部门的全球城市组合
Abstract
Migration industries include a diverse array of migration-related services provided by the state, commercial agents, humanitarian organisations and migrant social networks. The work performed by this array of providers, both non-state and state actors, includes facilitating, filtering/channelling and constraining migration. As a powerful example of how migration industries work in general, we examine their dynamics in the care sector as part of glocal (care) chains involved in the migration of nurses. The article provides a conceptualisation of the role of the ‘migration industry’ as part of a changing global business in the field of care work. We direct our attention to the drivers and institutions that facilitate and shape the arrangements of international care mobility and the constitution of glocal urban assemblages. Drawing on three models of nurse migration – bus stop (Philippines–Singapore), two-step (India–Canada) and triple-win (Vietnam–Germany) – we show how the socio-spatial configurations of glocal urban assemblages linked to the three models yield different social integration outcomes for migrant nurses.
Keywords care, gender, glocal urban assemblages, governance, infrastructure, migration, nurses
关键词
关怀、性别、全球城市组合、治理、基础设施、移民、护士
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221087048
04
A posteriori comparisons, repeated instances and urban policy mobilities: What ‘best practices’ leave behind
后验比较、重复实例和城市政策流动性：留下了哪些“最佳做法”
Abstract
Urban studies scholars have engaged in a lively debate on how to reformat comparative methods in the face of critical scrutiny of the discipline’s purported universalism. We share the enthusiasm for a reformatted urban comparativism and, in this paper, we turn to the thorny and more pragmatic question of how to actually carry it out. While traditional comparisons in urban studies have sought to find variation among similar cases by selecting a priori, in this article we propose to compare the findings of different researchers through a posteriori, that is, after the research has been done. We also argue that urban researchers need to focus on urban processes rather than cities; on repeated instances rather than on controlling for difference; and on mid-level abstraction rather than on grand theory or descriptive empirical cases. We put this strategy to work by comparing empirical research previously carried out by the authors on how two Latin American cities became international urban ‘best practices’: Bogotá as a sustainable transport model and Porto Alegre as a model of local participatory budgeting. The comparison highlights the tension between the simplified policy narratives that were mobilised to circulate Bogotá and Porto Alegre as international ‘best practices’ and the broader multi-scalar institutional reforms that these ‘best practice’ narratives have left behind in their global circulations. In doing so, we show the potential of a posteriori comparisons to analyse contemporary global urban dynamics and provide some explicit methodological tactics on how to do comparisons in a more systematic way.
Keywordsbest practices, comparative methods, Latin America, policy mobilities, urban policy
关键词
最佳做法, 比较方法, 拉丁美洲, 政策流动性, 城市政策
05
Introduction: Generating concepts of ‘the urban’ through comparative practice
引言：通过比较实践产生“城市”的概念
Abstract
This Introduction to the special issue, ‘Comparative Methods for Global Urban Studies’, outlines the basis for a reformatted comparative method inspired by the complex spatialities of the urban world. The articles in the volume each bring forward innovative approaches to comparative methods which support wider conceptualisations of urban processes and urban experiences. The articles in this volume consider a wide range of urban contexts and collectively move beyond geopolitically imprecise propositions of ‘southern’ urbanism to embrace the wider comparative agenda of thinking with both the diversity and the profound interconnectedness of the urban globally. The articles contribute to decentring urban studies, opening conceptualisation to a range of different contexts and differently positioned writers. They also speak to the analytical and methodological challenges posed by current trends in global urbanisation, as dispersed, fragmented and extending over vast territories. Thinking with the multiple elsewheres of any urban context invites a comparative imagination – this introduction draws together the creative ways in which authors in this volume have responded to this potential. Processes of conceptualisation both emerge from and more acutely reveal the spatiality and nature of the global urban: comparative method, then, also proposes a certain mode of theorisation of the urban.
本期“全球城市研究的比较方法”特刊简介概述了一种重新格式化的比较方法的基础，该方法受到城市世界复杂空间的启发。在比较的“遗传”（基于联系和更广泛的过程）和“生成”（由研究人员的好奇心引导）的基础上，萌生了一系列策略。本期特刊中的每篇论文都提出了比较方法方面的创新进路，以支持对城市过程和城市经验的更广泛概念化。本期特刊中的论文考虑了广泛的城市环境，并共同超越了地缘政治上不精确的“南方”城市化命题，以接受更广泛的比较议程，同时考虑全球城市的多样性和深刻的相互联系。这些论文有助于使城市研究去中心化，将概念化扩展到一系列不同背景和不同定位的作者。这些论文还涉及当前全球城市化趋势所带来的分析和方法论挑战，这些趋势包括分散化、碎片化以及延伸到广阔的地区。思考任何城市环境中的多个其他地方都需要比较想象力，本介绍汇集了本期特刊作者们应对这种可能性的创造性方法。概念化的过程既来自也更敏锐地揭示了全球城市的空间性和本质：因此，比较方法也提出了某种城市理论化模式。
Keywordscomparative method, comparative urbanism, conceptualisation, global urban studies, spatiality
关键词比较方法, 比较城市研究, 概念化, 全球城市研究, 空间性
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221092561
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