论文快递：第一百五十九期

六yi利物浦

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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！

本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百五十九期，将介绍Urban Studies Current Issue的五篇论文。主题包括多元化论述中的商业绅士化，以色列城市中的阿拉伯群体的融合，德国的土地利用与环境正义，安特卫普的土地金融化，孟买的河流基础设施，欢迎阅读。

01

Not diverse enough? Displacement, diversity discourse, and commercial gentrification in Santa Ana, California, a majority-Mexican city           

不够多元化？加利福尼亚州圣安娜市（墨西哥占多数的城市）的流离失所、多样性话语和商业绅士化

Carolina Sarmiento（美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校）首次出版时间：2021/7/7｜研究论文
Abstract

This research investigates how diversity discourse unfolds as part of commercial gentrification when public and private growth actors call for increased diversity in a city that is majority Latinx in the United States. My argument is twofold: first, commercial gentrification is itself a racialised project to manage diversity; second, the discourse around diversity foments spatial strategies used by both state and private actors that dislocate immigrant communities and economies. This in-depth case study using Santa Ana, California, provides a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between diversity and commercial gentrification in a majority Mexican immigrant city. The research finds that, as diversity discourse promotes liberal colourblind practices within a majority Latinx city, it also contributes to distributing resources along racial lines. Diversity discourse presented a liberal and inclusive form of gentrification while also providing a justification for the displacement of immigrant-serving businesses by positioning them as exclusionary or backward. The dislocation or erasure of immigrant-serving businesses occurred through spatial strategies backed by the state to make new property available in the downtown commercial area. Removal was not only physical but also occurred through assimilation, wherein businesses ‘adapted’ to survive. Planning and development actors in this case failed to recognise the value of cultural and economic community networks while also diverting attention and resources away from immigrant-serving businesses. The case provides unique insight into the multiplicity of economic and political interests in a Latinx-majority place.

摘要本项研究探讨当公共和私营增长行为者呼吁在美国以拉丁裔为主的城市促进多元化时，多元化论述是如何作为商业绅士化的一部分展开的。我的论点是双重的：首先，商业绅士化本身就是一个管理多元化的种族化项目；其次，多元化论述引发了政府和私营行为者采用的空间策略，这些策略扰乱了移民社区和经济。这项深入的案例研究以加利福尼亚州圣安娜为例，提供了在一个墨西哥移民占多数的城市多元化与商业绅士化之间关系方面的、更细致入微的理解。研究发现，随着多元化论述在一个以拉丁裔为主的城市中促进自由主义的肤色无差别做法，它同时加剧了按种族分配资源。多元化论述带来了一种自由主义的、包容性的绅士化形式，同时也将移民服务企业定义为排斥性的或落后的，从而为驱逐这些企业提供了理由。移民服务企业的搬离或移除是通过国家支持的空间战略来实现的，目的是在市中心商业区提供新的房产。移除不仅是物理上的，也通过同化发生，即企业通过“适应”求生存。在这个案例中，规划和开发行为者没有认识到文化和经济社区网络的价值，并转移了移民服务企业原本拥有的关注和资源。本案例为拉丁裔占多数的地方的经济和政治利益多元化提供了独特的视角。
Keywords cohesion, community, displacement, diversity, gentrification, migration, planning, segregation
关键词凝聚力, 社区, 驱逐, 多元化, 绅士化, 迁移, 规划, 隔离
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211020912

02

Arab integration in new and established mixed cities in Israel

阿拉伯人融入以色列新建和已建成的混合城市

Ahmed Baker Diab（以色列特拉维夫大学）Ilan Shdema（以色列本-古里安大学）Izhak Schnell（以色列特拉维夫大学）首次出版时间：2021/7/28｜研究论文
Abstract

The segregation or integration of minority groups is a core issue in contemporary urban fabrics. The literature tends to highlight the difference between ethnic groups while diversity within them receives less attention. This study addresses such differences by looking at Arab residents of ethnically mixed Israeli cities. Specifically, it highlights religious affiliation and community standing (in terms of being an old/new city) by comparing three Arab subgroups: Muslims and Christians from Haifa and Christians from Nof HaGalil. Uncovering these variations, we use Schnell’s multidimensional model of segregation/integration relating to 12 dimensions of economic, social, cultural and emotional capitals. The study employed 222 questionnaires and GPS loggers to track the respondents’ daily movements. The results reflected different patterns of integration/segregation between the three communities, with Haifa Christians exhibiting wider and deeper integration compared with Nof HaGalil’s Christian residents and Haifa Muslims. Additionally, the high diversity within each group demonstrates the complexities of integration/segregation processes combining structural issues and personal choices.

摘要 

少数群体的隔离或融合是当代城市结构中的一个核心问题。这方面的文献倾向于强调种族群体之间的差异，而对种族群体内部多样性的关注则较少。通过观察以色列种族混合城市中的阿拉伯居民，本项研究探讨这些差异。具体而言，我们对海法的穆斯林、海法的基督徒以及诺夫哈加利勒的基督徒这三个阿拉伯亚群体进行比较，这种比较研究凸显了这些亚群体之间在宗教归属和社区地位（旧城市/新城市）方面的差异。为了揭示这些差异，我们使用了施内尔的多维隔离/融合模型，该模型涉及经济、社会、文化和情感资本等方面的12个维度。本项研究使用了222份问卷和全球定位系统记录器来追踪受访者的日常活动。结果反映了三个社区之间不同的融合/隔离模式，与诺夫哈加利勒的基督教居民和海法的穆斯林相比，海法的基督徒表现出更广泛和更深入的融合。此外，每个群体内部的高度多样性表明，结合了结构问题和个人选择的融合/隔离过程是复杂的。

Keywords Arabs, Israel, Jews, mixed cities, segregation/integration

关键词 

阿拉伯人, 以色列人, 犹太人, 混合城市, 隔离/融合

原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211021346

03

Land use disadvantages in Germany: A matter of ethnic income inequalities?

德国的土地利用劣势：种族收入不平等问题？

Stefan Jünger（德国莱布尼茨社会科学研究所）首次出版时间：2021/7/10｜研究论文
Abstract

Environmental hazards affect people from different income groups and migration backgrounds on different levels. The research on environmental inequalities and environmental justice has proposed several theories to explain such inequities; still, it remains unclear which of these theories applies to the German societal context. This research investigates whether individual-level income differences between Germans and migrants account for objectively measured exposure to the environmental goods and bads of land use, specifically soil sealing and green spaces. Marginal effects and predictions based on georeferenced survey data from the German General Social Survey reveal that Germans with higher incomes live in areas with better neighbourhood quality. Germans with lower incomes are exposed to fewer disadvantages stemming from land use, and there is no marginal difference between nonurban and urban municipalities. Spatial assimilation in high-income groups occurs; however, the difference in low-income groups can be explained by place stratification and discrimination in the housing market. While this study uses more indirect and non-hazardous measures of environmental quality – in contrast to air pollution or noise – it provides evidence that such indicators also create distributional injustices in Germany.

摘要 环境危害在不同程度上影响不同收入群体和移民背景的人。关于环境不平等和环境正义的研究提出了几种理论来解释这种不平等；然而，尚不清楚这些理论中的哪一个适用于德国的社会背景。本研究调查了德国人和移民之间的个人收入水平差异是否能解释通过客观测量标准得出的、个人所承受的土地利用（特别是土壤密封和城市绿地建设）所带来的好处与坏处的影响。基于德国社会普查地理参考调查数据的边际效应和预测显示，收入较高的德国人生活在街区质量较好的地区。收入较低的德国人所承受的、因土地利用而造成的坏处较少，非城市和城市之间没有边际差异。高收入群体出现了空间同化；然而，低收入群体的差异可以用住房市场中的地方分层和歧视来解释。虽然本研究使用了更多间接且无害的环境质量指标（而不是空气污染或噪音之类），但我们提供了证据，表明这些指标也造成了德国的分配不公。
Keywords environmental inequalities, georeferenced survey data, GIS, land use, urbanisation
关键词 
环境不平等, 地理参考调查数据, 地理信息系统 (GIS), 土地利用, 城市化

原文地址 
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211023206

04

Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp

土地金融化、规划非正规化和绅士化作为安特卫普的治国之道

Callum Ward（英国伦敦大学学院）首次出版时间：2021/7/29 ｜研究论文
Abstract

This article offers insight into the role of the state in land financialisation through a reading of urban hegemony. This offers the basis for a conjunctural analysis of the politics of planning within a context in which authoritarian neoliberalism is ascendant across Europe. I explore this through the case of Antwerp as it underwent a hegemonic shift in which the nationalist neoliberal party the New Flemish Alliance (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie; N-VA) ended 70 years of Socialist Party rule and deregulated the city’s technocratic planning system. However, this unbridling of the free market has led to the creation of high-margin investment products rather than suitable housing for the middle classes, raising concerns about the city’s gentrification strategy. The consequent, politicisation of the city’s planning system led to controversy over clientelism which threatened to undermine the N-VA’s wider hegemonic project. In response, the city has sought to roll out a more formalised system of negotiated developer obligations, so embedding transactional, market-oriented informal governance networks at the centre of the planning system. This article highlights how the literature on land financialisation may incorporate conjunctural analysis, in the process situating recent trends towards the use of land value capture mechanisms within the contradictions and statecraft of contemporary neoliberal urbanism.

摘要通过对城市霸权的解读，本文深入探讨了政府在土地金融化过程中扮演的角色。在威权主义新自由主义正在欧洲盛行的背景下，这为对规划政治进行综合分析提供了基础。我通过安特卫普的例子来探讨这一点，因为它经历了霸权的转变，民族主义新自由主义政党新弗拉芒联盟 (Nieuw-Vlaamse alliantee; N-VA) 结束了社会党70年的统治，并对该市的技术官僚规划制度进行了放松管制的改革。然而，这种对自由市场的放任导致了高利润投资产品的产生，而不是为中产阶级提供合适的住房，这引发了人们对城市绅士化战略的担忧。随之而来的是，城市规划系统的政治化导致了对客户主义的争议，这可能会破坏N-VA更广泛的霸权议程。作为回应，该市寻求推出一个更正规的开发商义务协商制度，将交易型、面向市场的非正规治理网络嵌入规划体系的核心。本文强调土地金融化方面的文献可以纳入局势分析，在此过程中将土地价值获取机制的使用趋势置于当代新自由主义城市化的自相矛盾和治国之道这一大背景中。
Keywordsdisplacement/gentrification, finance/financialisation, hegemony, informality, local government, planning, redevelopment/regeneration
关键词

驱逐/绅士化, 金融/金融化, 霸权, 非正规性, 地方政府, 规划, 再开发/更新

原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211028235

05

Remembering the river: Flood, memory and infrastructural ecologies of stormwater drainage in Mumbai

记住河流：孟买的洪水、记忆和暴雨排水的基础设施生态

V. Chitra（新加坡国立大学）首次出版时间：2021/7/29｜研究论文
Abstract

Mumbai’s storm water drainage system is rapidly transforming as incidences of heavy rainfall rise. Its transformation is built on the idea of conserving the city’s ‘rivers’ that were lost to urban development. While this move to recuperate a heritage of rivers seems like a step in the right direction, Mumbai’s drainage system was largely cobbled together over time through piecemeal interventions in an estuarine landscape. This article shows how by engineering a history of rivers, the city’s planning authorities set in motion an agenda to train the expansive estuarine and improvisational systems into governable riverine channels contained within the state’s developmental visions. It focuses on one major channel, the Mithi, to show how the rationality of disaster preparedness, the emergent calculus of carrying capacities, as well as infrastructure are braided into constructed ecological histories to inscribe a new hydrological order on the city. For Mumbai’s engineers, these changes introduce new scalar logics and alter the nature of the drainage assemblage. Mithi’s transformation is emblematic of how articulations of nature, technology and urban development are emerging from the anxieties of climate change.

摘要
随着强降雨事件的增加，孟买的暴雨排水系统正在经历迅速的改造。它的改造建立在保护消失在城市发展中的城市“河流”这一理念之上。虽然这一河流遗产修复的举措似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但孟买的排水系统基本上是长期以来通过对河口景观的零敲碎打的干预逐渐拼凑起来的。本文展示了城市规划当局如何利用河流的历史启动一项议程，将广阔的河口和临时系统驯化成包含在国家发展愿景中的可治理的河道。我们聚焦于一条主要的河道，米提河 (Mithi)，展示了备灾理念、承载能力的突现计算、以及基础设施如何被纳入构建生态历史中，为城市书写新的水文秩序。对于孟买的工程师们来说，这些变化引入了新的标量逻辑，并改变了排水组合的性质。米提河的转变是一个象征，表明关于气候变化的焦虑带来了自然、技术和城市发展的交汇。
Keywordsclimate change, disaster preparedness, floods, infrastructure, urban ecology
关键词气候变化, 备灾, 洪水, 基础设施, 城市生态
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211023381

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