论文快递：第一百六十四期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第一百六十四期，将介绍Urban Studies Online First的三篇论文和Current Issue的两篇论文。主题包括地方自治主义，都市语言多任务处理和差异性包容，街区可步行性，移民产业与社会空间转型，移民基础设施实践，欢迎阅读。
01
Bridging bureaucracy and activism: Challenges of activist state-work in the 1980s Greater London Council
架起官僚主义和激进主义的桥梁：20世纪80年代大伦敦委员会中激进主义国家工作的挑战
Abstract
An emerging literature on ‘new municipalism’ has identified attempts not only to transform local state functions to respond to the urban crises of neoliberal austerity, but also to transform the structure and practices of the state itself, embedding democratic processes into local government. This article utilises the historical experience of the ‘new urban left’ within the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 to 1986 to explore the internal dynamics of state transformation in a context of municipal activism. It situates the GLC’s progressive policy responses to the urban crises of the early 1980s within a more quotidian project of state remaking, in which activists worked in-and-against the established political cultures and practices of the local state. The new urban left’s transformative, rather than simply instrumental, approach to the local state – rooted in the democratic politics of progressive social movements – challenges straightforward dichotomies between state and society. The article frames these nascent municipalist characteristics with a theoretical argument based on an autonomist-Marxist account of the state as a form of social relations, one that emphasises how capitalist crises pivot on the internal contradictions of labour. This reading directs theoretical attention to the ‘prosaic’ labour of state officials, and the article thus considers the quotidian experience of politicised officials in the GLC, whose activity blurred boundaries between political activism and professional labour. The practical contradictions involved in such forms of ‘activist state-work’– working within bureaucratic and legal limits, experimenting with new organisational forms, and negotiating contested workplace subjectivities – reveal forms of boundary-bridging between activism and statehood that highlight the potentially transformative dynamics within the labour of local governance. This unstable tightrope-walk between bureaucratic constraint and political agency at the nexus of state-work contributes to new municipalist thinking about reshaping the conduct of urban governance.
Keywords activism, bureaucracy, local state, municipalism, state work
关键词行动主义, 官僚主义, 地方政府, 地方自治主义, 政府工作
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221104594
02
Metrolingual multitasking and differential inclusion: Singapore’s Chinese languages in shared spaces
都市语言多任务处理和差异性包容：共享空间中的新加坡汉语
Abstract
Arrival cities are defined through migration-led diversification that structures integration, notably through everyday language practices. In Singapore’s multilingual landscape, we find hints of historical waves of migrants from Southern China speaking Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Teochew and the recent contributions of new migrants from Mainland of China. In light of the work of Pennycook and Otsuji, this article explores how the norms of metrolingual multitasking – of adaptation through language – structure differential inclusion in Singapore through banal and commonplace interactions in shared spaces, such as markets. By focusing on historically situated linguistic scripts of inclusion and exclusion in the city-state, we contrast the linguistic adaptations of older and newer arrivals to show how integration is continuously constituted through the differential inclusion of new arrivals. Based on a series of interviews, we shed light on how metrolingual multitasking, as praxis of differential inclusion, sets up the normative framework for the coexistence of various linguistic forms and resources, whether recognised officially or not, and their use in creative ways for pragmatic communication in completing daily tasks. In this context, the norms of metrolingual multitasking reveal an overall sense of ordinary coexistence in living with such diversity as a requirement for successful integration, despite necessary instances of differential treatment and exclusionary practices, including a refusal to engage with difference.
摘要
目的地城市是通过移民主导的多样化来定义的，这种多样化构建了融合，特别是通过日常语言实践。在新加坡的多语言景观中，我们发现了华南地区说粤语、客家话、闽南语和潮州话的移民潮的历史线索，以及中国内地新移民的最新贡献。借鉴佩尼库克 (Pennycook) 和尾辻 （Otsuji） 的研究，本文探讨都市语言多任务处理的规范（通过语言进行适应）如何通过市场等共享空间中的平凡而司空见惯的互动来构建新加坡的差异性包容。通过关注该城市国家历史上包容和排斥的语言文字，我们对比了老移民和新移民的语言适应情况，以展示如何通过对新移民的差异性包容持续构建融合。基于一系列访谈，我们阐明了作为差异性包容实践的都市语言多任务处理如何为各种语言形式和资源的共存建立规范框架（无论官方是否认可），并被以创造性的方式用于语用沟通以完成日常任务。在这种背景下，都市语言多任务处理规范揭示了生活中总体的普通共存感，这种多样性是成功融合的必要条件，尽管也必然存在差别待遇和排斥性做法的例子，包括拒绝接受差异。
关键词
汉语, 差异性包容, 融合, 都市语言多任务处理, 移民, 新加坡
原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221101452
03
The changing ethno-racial profile of ‘very walkable’ urban neighbourhoods in the US (2010–2020): Are minorities under-represented?
美国“非常适合步行”的城市街区不断变化的族裔-种族特征（2010-2020）：少数民族代表性是否存在不足？
Abstract
Neighbourhood walkability has increasingly been viewed as an amenity that may confer substantial health, social and economic benefits. As walkable neighbourhoods become increasingly desirable, there is concern that disadvantaged groups – particularly lower-income and minority households – may be displaced or excluded from these spaces. This investigation assesses whether minorities, and Black residents in particular, are increasingly under-represented in urban neighbourhoods with high walkability by examining demographic changes between 2010 and 2020 across approximately 43,000 urban census tracts. The results suggest a negative association between Black and ‘other’ non-White residents and neighbourhood walkability when controlling for confounding factors. Blacks were also the only major ethno-racial group to decline in absolute number within the nation’s most walkable (i.e. Walk Score®≥90) urban neighbourhoods between 2010 and 2020. Implications for social equity and justice are discussed.
Keywords ethno-racial, neighbourhood change, neighbourhood walkability, walkability, walk score
关键词
民族-种族, 街区变化, 街区可步行性, 可步行性, 可步行评分
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221110829
04
An enclave entrepôt: The informal migration industry and Johannesburg’s socio-spatial transformation
一块飞地：非正规移民产业与约翰内斯堡的社会空间转型
Abstract
The spatial concentration of production in cities attracts international and domestic labour in ways that change the character and scale of urban space. Drawing on two decades of research on migration and informal trading in Johannesburg, South Africa, this article argues that the global trade in Chinese ‘fast fashion’ interacts with South Africa’s immigration policy, transportation networks, informal trade and established migration infrastructures to transform the city’s Park Station neighbourhood into an enclave entrepôt. Operated and supported by a network of informal logistics services that keep the enclave within but apart from the city, it is exquisitely tailored to cross-border shoppers. At the social and legal margins but at the city’s geographic core, it enables fluidity in an otherwise hostile space; it is at once highly visible and invisibilising. Formed in the shadows of formal institutions and law enforcement, this entrepôt is migrant-driven and serves the needs of people often seeking to remain invisible from the South African state and citizenry. As such, its services are adapted from the infrastructures that service legal and irregular migration in the subcontinent. Unlike ethnic enclaves or neighbourhoods that work as arrival zones, it provides the means to move ‘through’ rather than ‘into’ the city. The entrepôt is a form of migrant space-claiming by vulnerable and mobile people wishing to be in but not of the city. It acts as portal into, through and beyond national territory.
城市生产的空间集中吸引了国际和国内劳动力，从而改变了城市空间的特征和规模。根据对南非约翰内斯堡20年来的移民和非正规贸易的研究，本文认为，中国“快速型”全球贸易与南非的移民政策、交通网络、非正规贸易和已建立的移民基础设施相互作用，将该市的公园站 (Park Station) 街区转变成了飞地转口港。该飞地转口港由一个非正规物流服务网络运营和支持（该网络将飞地保持在城市内部，但又与城市分开），专为跨境购物者精心定制。它处在社会和法律边缘，但位于城市的核心地带，它在空间中实现了流动性并避免了敌意；它既是高度可见的，又是隐身的。这个转口贸易港是在正规机构和执法机构的阴影下形成的，由移民驱动，满足那些寻求对南非国家和公民保持隐形的人们的需要。因此，其服务根据非洲次大陆合法和非法移民基础设施进行调整。不像少数民族飞地或街区，它提供了“穿过”而不是“进入”城市的手段。转口贸易港是一种提出移民空间主张的形式，这些主张是由那些希望进入城市、但又不归属城市的弱势和流动人群提出来的。它是进入、通过和超越国家领土的门户。
KeywordsAfrica, China in Africa, immigration, migration industry, spatial transformation, supply chains, urban mobility
关键词
非洲, 中国在非洲, 移民, 移民产业, 空间转型, 供应链, 城市流动性
05
Resonance beyond regimes: Migrant’s alternative infrastructuring practices in Athens
超越制度的共振：雅典移民的替代基础设施实践
Abstract
In migration studies, there is an increasing interest in understanding how migration processes are shaped by different forms of brokerage and mediation. We relate these debates to the everyday struggles of migrants in the city of Athens. In so doing, we propose a shift from the all-encompassing view on infrastructures, that is, as systematic entities of facilitation/control to the infrastructuring practices of migrants. This implies a focus on how migrants create dynamic social platforms, and how these platforms relate to formal infrastructures and industries. We analyse these infrastructuring practices through a conceptual lens of resonance that is sensitive to the constitutive (how things, people and processes are brought together) as well as travelling capacities of these practices (how the platforms shift to other places). With an ethnographic approach, we create in-depth insights into the ways in which migrants mediate im/mobility in the urban environment of Athens through infrastructuring practices. The paper concludes by reflecting on the promises and limitations of the infrastructuring practices as sites of solidarity. We thereby argue that there are many links to make within the mobile commons debate. At the same time, our findings highlight that the transformative potential of infrastructuring practices does not always go along with a clear claim on solidarity.
在移民研究中，人们越来越有兴趣了解不同形式的经纪和中介机构对移民过程的影响。我们将这些辩论与雅典移民的日常斗争联系起来。藉此，我们建议一个转变，即从对基础设施的包罗万象的观点（将其视为促进/控制的系统）转变为观察移民基础设施实践。这意味着关注移民如何创建动态社交平台，以及这些平台与正式的基础设施和行业之间的关系。我们从共振这一概念视角来分析这些基础设施实践，这一角度对这些实践的组织功能（将事物、人和流程结合在一起）以及流动性（平台如何转移到其他地方）敏感。通过人类学方法，我们深入了解在雅典城市环境中，移民通过基础设施实践对非流动性/流动性的影响。本文最后反思了作为团结场所的基础设施实践的前景和局限性。在此基础上，我们认为在关于流动性的公共辩论中有许多联系需要建立。与此同时，我们的研究结果强调，基础设施实践的变革潜力并不总是伴随着对团结的明确主张。
KeywordsEU migration regime, Greece, migration infrastructure, people as infrastructure, resonance
关键词欧盟移民制度, 希腊, 移民基础设施, 人作为基础设施, 共振
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211044312
扫码关注我们
微信号｜USJ_online
Urban Studies期刊官方微信公众号