NCCN老年人肿瘤临床实践指南2018.1版（1）
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目录
老年肿瘤患者的决策路径
（OAO-1）
英文版
a.预期寿命计算器可登陆www.eprognosis.com查找。请注意，这些计算器是用于确定预期寿命（与癌症无关）。它们可用于临床决策，以衡量癌症是否可能缩短患者的预期寿命，或者患者是否可能在其预期寿命期间因癌症而出现症状。请注意，这些计算器应与临床判断结合使用。
b.参见特定年龄预期寿命的直方图（OAO-A）。
c.Sessums LL, Zembrzuska H, Jackson JL. Does this patient have medical decision-making capacity? JAMA 2011;306(4):420-427.
d.McKoy JM, Burhenn PS, Browner IS, et al. Assessing cognitive function and capacity in older adults with cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2014;12(1):138-144.
e.参见优化与老年人的沟通（OAO-B）。
f.Harrington SE, Smith TJ. The role of chemotherapy at the end of life: when is enough, enough? JAMA 2008;299:2667-2678.
治疗前评估（OAO-2）
英文版
g.已有多个筛选工具用于这种情况的测量并得到验证。OAO-D列出的经筛选的老年筛查工具，已被用于确定一种CGA是否将对老年癌症患者有益。
老年人接受癌症治疗的注意事项（OAO-3,4,5）
OAO-3
手术、放疗和全身治疗的注意事项
英文版
h.监测患者的功能状态、合并症、社会环境、疼痛、营养状况和心理痛苦。
i.美国外科医师学会和AGS已为接受手术的老年患者的术前评估提供了一般指南。这些指南也适用于接受手术的老年癌症患者。Chow WB, Rosenthal RA, Merkow RP, et al. Optimal preoperative assessment of the geriatric surgical patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg 2012;215:453-466.
OAO-4
癌症治疗不良反应处理的注意事项
英文版
h.监测患者的功能状态、合并症、社会环境、疼痛、营养状况和心理痛苦。
j.参见失眠（OAO-H）。
OAO-5
参考文献
1.Chow WB, Rosenthal RA, Merkow RP, et al. Optimal preoperative assessment of the geriatric surgical patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg 2012;215(4):453-66.
2.Fukuse T, Satoda N, Hijiya K, et al. Importance of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in prediction of complications following thoracic surgery in elderly patients. Chest 2005;127(3):886-91.
3.Audisio RA, et al. Shall we operate? Preoperative assessment in elderly cancer patients (PACE) can help. A SIOG surgical task force prospective study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;65(2):156-63.
4.Robinson TN, Eiseman B, Wallace JI, et al. Redefining geriatric preoperative assessment using frailty, disability and co-morbidity. Ann Surg 2009;250(3):449-55.
5.Robinson TN, Wu DS, Pointer LF, et al. Preoperative cognitive dysfunction is related to adverse postoperative outcomes in the elderly. J Am Coll Surg 2012;215(1):12-7;discussion 17-8.
6.Marcantonio ER, Goldman L, Mangione CM, et al. A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective non-cardiac surgery. JAMA 1994;271(2):134-9.
7.Inouye SK, Westendorp R, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet 2014;383(9920):911-922.
8.Tinetti ME. Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med 2003;348:42-49.
9.Piccart-Gebhart M, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1659-1672.
10.Romond E, Perez E, Bryant J, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353(16):1673-1684.
11.Chavez-MacGregor M, Zhang N, Buchholz TA, et al. Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity among older patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:4222-4228.
12.American Geriatrics Society: Ten Things Clinicians and Patients Should Question (http://www.choosingwisley.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-geriatrics-society/).
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