查看原文
其他

美团一面:你既然写过Mybatis插件,能给我说说它底层是怎么加载一个自定义插件的吗?

点击关注 👉 Java面试那些事儿 2021-09-05

大多数框架,都支持插件,用户可通过编写插件来自行扩展功能,Mybatis也不例外。


我们从插件配置、插件编写、插件运行原理、插件注册与执行拦截的时机、初始化插件、分页插件的原理等六个方面展开阐述。


1. 插件配置


Mybatis的插件配置在configuration内部,初始化时,会读取这些插件,保存于Configuration对象的InterceptorChain中。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"><configuration> <plugins> <plugin interceptor="com.mybatis3.interceptor.MyBatisInterceptor"> <property name="value" value="100" /> </plugin> </plugins></configuration>
public class Configuration { protected final InterceptorChain interceptorChain = new InterceptorChain();}


org.apache.ibatis.plugin.InterceptorChain.java源码。

public class InterceptorChain {
private final List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<Interceptor>();
public Object pluginAll(Object target) { for (Interceptor interceptor : interceptors) { target = interceptor.plugin(target); } return target; }
public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) { interceptors.add(interceptor); } public List<Interceptor> getInterceptors() { return Collections.unmodifiableList(interceptors); }
}


上面的for循环代表了只要是插件,都会以责任链的方式逐一执行(别指望它能跳过某个节点),所谓插件,其实就类似于拦截器。


2. 如何编写一个插件


插件必须实现org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Interceptor接口。

public interface Interceptor { Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable;
Object plugin(Object target);
void setProperties(Properties properties);
}

intercept()方法:执行拦截内容的地方,比如想收点保护费。由plugin()方法触发,interceptor.plugin(target)足以证明。


plugin()方法:决定是否触发intercept()方法。


setProperties()方法:给自定义的拦截器传递xml配置的属性参数。


下面自定义一个拦截器:

@Intercepts({ @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }), @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "close", args = { boolean.class }) })public class MyBatisInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private Integer value;
@Override public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable { return invocation.proceed(); }
@Override public Object plugin(Object target) { System.out.println(value); // Plugin类是插件的核心类,用于给target创建一个JDK的动态代理对象,触发intercept()方法 return Plugin.wrap(target, this); }
@Override public void setProperties(Properties properties) { value = Integer.valueOf((String) properties.get("value")); }
}


面对上面的代码,我们需要解决两个疑问:


1.  为什么要写Annotation注解?注解都是什么含义?


答:Mybatis规定插件必须编写Annotation注解,是必须,而不是可选。


@Intercepts注解:装载一个@Signature列表,一个@Signature其实就是一个需要拦截的方法封装。那么,一个拦截器要拦截多个方法,自然就是一个@Signature列表。


type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = { MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class }


解释:要拦截Executor接口内的query()方法,参数类型为args列表。


2. Plugin.wrap(target, this)是干什么的?


答:使用JDK的动态代理,给target对象创建一个delegate代理对象,以此来实现方法拦截和增强功能,它会回调intercept()方法。


org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.java源码:

public class Plugin implements InvocationHandler {
private Object target; private Interceptor interceptor; private Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap;
private Plugin(Object target, Interceptor interceptor, Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap) { this.target = target; this.interceptor = interceptor; this.signatureMap = signatureMap; }
public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) { Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor); Class<?> type = target.getClass(); Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap); if (interfaces.length > 0) { // 创建JDK动态代理对象 return Proxy.newProxyInstance( type.getClassLoader(), interfaces, new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap)); } return target; }
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { try { Set<Method> methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass()); // 判断是否是需要拦截的方法(很重要) if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) { // 回调intercept()方法 return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args)); } return method.invoke(target, args); } catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e); } }//...}

Map<Class<?>, Set<Method>> signatureMap:缓存需拦截对象的反射结果,避免多次反射,即target的反射结果。


所以,我们不要动不动就说反射性能很差,那是因为你没有像Mybatis一样去缓存一个对象的反射结果。


判断是否是需要拦截的方法,这句注释很重要,一旦忽略了,都不知道Mybatis是怎么判断是否执行拦截内容的,要记住。


3. Mybatis可以拦截哪些接口对象?


public class Configuration {//...public ParameterHandler newParameterHandler(MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, BoundSql boundSql) { ParameterHandler parameterHandler = mappedStatement.getLang().createParameterHandler(mappedStatement, parameterObject, boundSql); parameterHandler = (ParameterHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(parameterHandler); // 1 return parameterHandler; }
public ResultSetHandler newResultSetHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, RowBounds rowBounds, ParameterHandler parameterHandler, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) { ResultSetHandler resultSetHandler = new DefaultResultSetHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterHandler, resultHandler, boundSql, rowBounds); resultSetHandler = (ResultSetHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(resultSetHandler); // 2 return resultSetHandler; }
public StatementHandler newStatementHandler(Executor executor, MappedStatement mappedStatement, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) { StatementHandler statementHandler = new RoutingStatementHandler(executor, mappedStatement, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); statementHandler = (StatementHandler) interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler); // 3 return statementHandler; }
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction) { return newExecutor(transaction, defaultExecutorType); }
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) { executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType; executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType; Executor executor; if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) { executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction); } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) { executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction); } else { executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction); } if (cacheEnabled) { executor = new CachingExecutor(executor); } executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor); // 4 return executor; }//...}


Mybatis只能拦截ParameterHandler、ResultSetHandler、StatementHandler、Executor共4个接口对象内的方法。


重新审视interceptorChain.pluginAll()方法:该方法在创建上述4个接口对象时调用,其含义为给这些接口对象注册拦截器功能,注意是注册,而不是执行拦截。


拦截器执行时机:plugin()方法注册拦截器后,那么,在执行上述4个接口对象内的具体方法时,就会自动触发拦截器的执行,也就是插件的执行。


所以,一定要分清,何时注册,何时执行。切不可认为pluginAll()或plugin()就是执行,它只是注册。


4. Invocation


public class Invocation { private Object target; private Method method; private Object[] args;}

intercept(Invocation invocation)方法的参数Invocation ,我相信你一定可以看得懂,不解释。


5. 初始化插件源码解析


org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XNode)方法部分源码。

pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
private void pluginElement(XNode parent) throws Exception { if (parent != null) { for (XNode child : parent.getChildren()) { String interceptor = child.getStringAttribute("interceptor"); Properties properties = child.getChildrenAsProperties(); Interceptor interceptorInstance = (Interceptor) resolveClass(interceptor).newInstance(); // 这里展示了setProperties()方法的调用时机 interceptorInstance.setProperties(properties); configuration.addInterceptor(interceptorInstance); } } }


对于Mybatis,它并不区分是何种拦截器接口,所有的插件都是Interceptor,Mybatis完全依靠Annotation去标识对谁进行拦截,所以,具备接口一致性。


6. 分页插件原理


由于Mybatis采用的是逻辑分页,而非物理分页,那么,市场上就出现了可以实现物理分页的Mybatis的分页插件。


要实现物理分页,就需要对String sql进行拦截并增强,Mybatis通过BoundSql对象存储String sql,而BoundSql则由StatementHandler对象获取。

public interface StatementHandler { <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException;
BoundSql getBoundSql();}
public class BoundSql { public String getSql() { return sql; }}

因此,就需要编写一个针对StatementHandler的query方法拦截器,然后获取到sql,对sql进行重写增强。

来源:https://my.oschina.net/zudajun/blog/738973



 往期推荐 

🔗


 

点击阅读原文,获得编程视频资料 

: . Video Mini Program Like ,轻点两下取消赞 Wow ,轻点两下取消在看

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存