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2022年12月六级选词填空必背40词

四六级阁主 沪江英语四六级 2023-12-05


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大家好,距离考试越来越近啦!想要快速搞定选词填空,为仔细阅读和长篇阅读腾时间,历年真题中反复考到的词语一定要熟记!


每次四六级考前,阁主都会结合最新的考试真题,按考频从高到低精选40几个词语,并罗列其常考用法和真题例句+翻译。你看到的这40几个词,已经结合真题更新过了,老版本不要背了哦~  


今天内容的PDF版,回复【锦囊】or【押题】获取哦~ 


说明:本词表按词频从高到低排列,因选词填空需要标注词性,建议同学把以下单词的各种词性和搭配结构熟记背会!


六级选词填空TOP15

1.vulnerable

adj. 易受伤的,脆弱的;易受攻击的


常考结构

be vulnerable to sth/sb 易患某种疾病;易受某事影响的;易遭责难的;易受…诱惑的




The developing brain, the report says, is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be permanent. (2015.12)


报告称,发育中的大脑特别容易受到这些产品可能含有的某些化学物质的毒性影响,并且它们造成的损害可能是永久性的。





2.predator

n.捕食者; 掠夺者; 捕食性动物; 实行弱肉强食的人(或机构); 剥削者;


常考结构

A tiger is a predator.老虎是掠食者

predator with disease.染病捕食者




She also knew from previous work conducted on birds anddolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they canrestwhileremaining alertenough to avoid predators(捕食者)(2017.12)


她还从以前对鸟类和海豚进行的研究中了解到,这些动物让一半的大脑进入睡眠状态,这样它们就可以休息,同时保持足够的警觉以躲避捕食者。





3. warrant

n. 保证; 执行令; 授权令; (接受款项、服务等的)凭单,许可证; (做某事的)正当理由,依据

v.使有必要; 使正当; 使恰当


常考结构:

a travel warrant 通行证

warrant for sth./doing sth. (做)某事的正当理由,根据




But there are certain situations that do warrant extraprotein.“Anytime you're repairing or building muscle.”(2019.12)


但是在某些情况下确实需要额外的蛋白质。“任何你正在修复或锻炼肌肉的时候。





4. volunteer

 n. 志愿者; 义务工作者; 自告奋勇者; 主动做某事的

 v.自愿做; 义务做; 无偿做; 主动建议(或告诉);

adj.志愿的; 志愿兵的; 自动的; 自生的

常考结构:

volunteer to do sth. 自愿/义务/无偿/主动要求做某事

voluntary:adj.志愿的

voluntarily:adv.志愿地

volunteer helpers:无偿援助者。



Volunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic.(2019.12)


志愿保护南极濒危物种。





5.primarily

adv. 首先;起初,原来;首要地,主要地;根本上




Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students' math scores.(2017.6)


一些数学训练课程主要侧重于提高学生们的数学成绩。





6. versatile

adj. 多才多艺的; 多功能的; 多用途的; 有多种技能的; 多面手的


常考结构:

a versatile [machine, player, tool, product, jacket, device]

a versatile [teacher, player, member, worker, writer]

is [an, a very] versatile [actor, actress, performer]




The city of Bath was founded bythe Romans almost two thousand years ago. It has been famousfor its versatile pleasing architecture and healing thermal springs ever since.(2022.6)


大约两千多年前,罗马人建立了巴斯城。从那时起,它就以其多样的、赏心悦目的建筑和治愈的温泉而闻名。





7. incidentally

adv.  顺便;偶然地


注意:副词通常是选词填空中最好做的,建议先做。一般句中不缺少成分时,或有逗号与主句隔开时,可以直接从选项中以y结尾的词里选出正确答案。




All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide. (2017.12)


所有的研究都认为,到2020年将有近250亿台设备,物品和传感器连接起来,且到那时千禧一代预计将占总劳动力的75%,全连接的住房将成为全世界众多人的现实。





8. impact

n. 冲击;冲击力;影响

V. 压紧;对…产生影响;冲击


常考结构

pact on/ upon sb/sth 对某人/某事物的强烈的印象或巨大的影响


Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse impact on

performance and can be corrected. (2013.12)


某些原因,例如家庭疾病,可能会对性能产生暂时的不利影响,且随后可以得到纠正。


the impact of …的影响




Charles began urging action on global warming in 1990 and says he's been worried about the impact of man on the environment since he was a teenager. (2014.12)


查尔斯在1990年开始敦促采取行动应对全球变暖,并表示他从青少年时期就一直担心人类对环境的影响。





9. obsess  / obsessed

v. 困扰,使痴迷;念念不忘

adj. 着迷的;无法摆脱的,受困扰的

v. 着迷;纠缠,困扰(obsess 的过去式和过去分词)


常考结构:

be obsessed by/with 总想着,被…困扰




We check email at all hours of the day—we're obsessed. But why? Because that's what the boss wants. (2017.12)


我们每天无时不刻不在check 我们的邮箱—— 我们深受其困扰。但这是为什么呢?因为这是老板们想看到的。





10. legacy / legacies

n. 遗产;遗赠财物;遗留问题;后遗症


常考结构:

a legacy of 一份...财产




Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment.(2019.6)


或许,我对午餐、茶水间闲聊以及关心他人、深入而有意义的对话的期待,是我上次在那种办公环境中留下的后遗症。





11. overwhelming / overwhelmed

adj. 巨大的,压倒性的,无法抗拒的overwhelming)

v. 征服,压倒,破坏,使不知所措;覆盖,淹没;打翻(overwhelmed)


常考结构:

the overwhelming majority of people 压倒性多数



Teachers consider learning two languages to be too overwhelming for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations. (2013.12)


教师认为学习两种语言对于贫困家庭的孩子来说压力太大,他们认为孩子已经因家庭环境而负担过重。




be overwhelmed with被…淹没



This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. (2009.12)


这种趋势导致急诊室被没有常规医生的患者淹没。





be overwhelmed by 被…压倒,击败,制服



Its schools will be overwhelmed by the growing number of illegal immigrants. (2011.6)


越来越多的非法移民将使学校不堪重负。





12. determine / determined 

v. (使)下决心,(使)做出决定

vt. 决定,确定;判定,判决;限定

vi. 确定;决定;判决,终止;[主用于法律]了结,终止,结束

adj. 决定了的;坚决的

v. 决定;断定(determine的过去分词)


常考结构:


be determined by 由…所决定



But why is America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents? (2015.6)


但是,为什么美国是发达国家之一,在那里,年轻人的生活前景最明显地取决于他们父母的收入和教育





to be determined 有待决定的



Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman.(2014.12)


迈克尔·雷诺(Michael Raynor)和穆塔兹·艾哈迈德(Mumtaz Ahmed)就职于一家名为德勤(Deloitte)的咨询公司,这家公司决心把自己更多地变成思想领袖,而不是企业修理工。





13. indulge / indulging

v. 使高兴;满足;纵容;(使)沉迷于;参加,参与(尤指违法活动)


常考结构:

indulge in sth. 尽情享受某事物


Guests can indulge in a private barbecue on the deck. 

客人们可以在露天平台上享用私家烤肉野餐。


indulge oneself/sb with sth. 放纵自己/某人




Ripley indulges a popular obsession with international test score comparisons, which show wide and frightening gaps between the United States and other countries. (2014.12)


雷普利痴迷于国际考试成绩对比,这显示出美国和其他国家之间巨大而可怕的差距。







六级选词填空TOP14-22


14. identified  / identify

adj. 经鉴定的;被识别的(identified)

v. 确定;识别,认出;使参与;把…看成一样;认同;一致(identify)


常考结构:

identify sb/sth as sb/sth  确认/认出某人或某物是... 

identify sth with sth  认为某事物与某事物等同

identify oneself with sb/sth  与某人/某事物有关联




The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. (2011.6)


较新的趋势是最早从七年级开始招募贫困和非白人学生,他们使用创新工具来识别具有复杂口头表达能力的孩子。




be identified in 从...中识别出



The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been identified in humans. (2017.6)


研究人员认为,这是人类第一次发现不同大脑状态的“第一夜效应”。





15. assess / assessed

v. 估价;对…征税;确定…的金额;评价

v. 对…进行评估(assess过去时形式)


常考结构:

assess sb's taxes/income/risk 评定某人的税额/总收入/风险




How can I assess the investment risk of a particular bond issue? (2014.6)


如何评估特定债券发行的投资风险?





16. emotion / emotional

emotion: n.强烈的感情; 激情; 情感; 情绪;

emotional: adj.感情的; 情感的; 情绪的; 激起感情的


常考结构:

basic emotion 基本情绪

deep emotion 深深的情绪


Her voice trembled with emotion.

的声音因情绪激动而颤抖。




From Facebook to Instagram, the medum refocuses our attention on videos and images 

rewarding emotional appeals-'like’buttons- over rational ones.(2021.12)


从 Facebook 到 Instagram,媒体将我们的注意力重新集中在视频和图像上,这些视频和图像会奖励情感诉求——(比如“喜欢”按钮)——而不是理性诉求。






The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses-including that sinking,guilty feeling you get when you lie. (2019.12)


杏仁体是大脑的一个重要部分,它会产生恐惧、焦虑和情绪反应——包括你说谎时产生的沉沦、内疚感。





17. separate/ separated / separately

adj. 分开的;单独的;不同的;各自的;不受影响的

v. (使)分离,分开;隔开;分手;(使)分居;(使)区别(于)

adv. 分别地;分离地;个别地( separately)


常考结构:

separate from 分离 ; 分开 ; 把 ; 分隔开



Civilization, then, is fine-people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills.(2014.6)


因此,文明是指人们正在智能手机上流畅地使用与实际写作中使用的代码不同的代码,并且没有证据表明发短信会破坏写作技巧。





18. significant

adj. 重要的, 有重大意义的; 显著的, 值得注意的;


常考结构:

be significant for对……非常重要

acquire〔attain〕 significance获得更广泛的意义 

attach significance to赋予…以意义

explain significance说明意义 

realize the full significance of 认识到…的全部意义

in a siginificant way以重要的方式




Ring says foreign language skills are important, but expressed doubt that school districts could work both coding and language into their curriculum in a significant way because they lack the time in the school day(2019.12)


Ring 说外语技能很重要,但表示怀疑学区能否将编码和语言以重要的方式纳入他们的课程,因为他们在平常上学的时候没有时间。





19.deteriorating / deterioration

v. 退化,恶化(deteriorate的ing形式)

n. 恶化;退化;堕落(deterioration)


常考结构:

environmental deterioration 环境污染

~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition 变坏; 变质; 恶化 


Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions.

皮革受潮可变质


The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. 

这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵.




Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. (2015.6)


世界上许多地方的空气污染正在恶化。





20. exclusive/ exclusively / excluded / exclude

adj. 独有的;排外的;专一的

n. 独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者

adv. 唯一地,专有地,排外地;作为唯一的(消息)来源

v. 排除(exclude的过去式和过去分词);驱逐;拒绝接纳

vt. 排除;排斥;拒绝接纳;逐出


常考结构:

exclusive of 不包括,除...之外

to exclude 排除




That’s the highest percentage of an exclusive economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world. (2017.12)


这是世界上致力于海洋保护的专属经济区所占比例最高的国家。





21. determine / determined

determine:v.决定; 确定; 测定; 查明; 准确算出; 形成; 支配

determined: adj.坚定的; 坚决的; 果断的


常考结构:

determine to do sth.决定做某事

be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

determine on 决定

determine upon 决定

determine sb. against sth. 使 某人决定不做某事

determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事。




People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.  (2018.12)


人们倾向于认为他们越坚定有决心,就能获得越大的成功。





22. specification / specifically

n.规格;说明书;详述

adv. 特别地;明确地


常考结构:

more specifically 更具体地说

product specification 产品说明书




By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world. (2017.12)


相比之下,您可能希望在世界任何地方的办公室电脑上找到这样的技术规范。





23.correlation / correlated

correlation:n. 相关性,相关,相互关联

correlated adj.相互关联影响; 相互依赖; 显示(两个或多个事实或数字等)的紧密联系


常考结构:

sth. is correlated with sth.……跟……相互关系,联系


the correlation between smoking and disease 

吸烟和疾病之间的联系




successful Researchhas found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems.(2018.12)


成功研究发现,恢复不足与健康和安全问题发生率增加之间存在直接关联。





24.shrink / shrank / shrunk

v. (使)缩小,(使)收缩;(尤指因恐惧而)退缩,畏缩,回避;(衣服、布料)缩水

n. 收缩;畏缩;(非正式)精神病医生,精神病学家,心理学家

v. 收缩(shrink的过去式);缩小

v. 收缩(shrink的过去分词)


常考结构:

shrink from退避;在...面前退缩




During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither,shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. (2018.6)


在严酷的阳光下没有水分的几个月里,它们会枯萎、收缩、收缩,直到看起来像一堆枯死的灰色树叶。







六级选词填空高频TOP25-43


25. current/currently

 adj.现在的; 当前的; 现时发生的; 通用的; 流通的; 流行的;

动词原形underlie: 位于…之下,构成…的基础

 adv.现时; 目前; 当前; 时下;

the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed  

常考结构:

current situation 现状,目前形势;现况; 

current status 当前状态;目前状况; 

current state 现行状态;初速电流状态;

The results for all the tests of the current test run are saved in a file with the. Trx extension with the filename that you specified. 

当前测试运行的所有测试的结果都将保存到一个扩展名为.trx的文件中,该文件具有您指定的文件名。


Currently, the knowledge management system products in the information technology market are basically of this type.

现时信息技术市场上的知识管理系统便多是这些产品




Only some can be put to use under current traffic conditions. (2021.6)


在目前的交通条件下,只有一部分可以投入使用。





26. fierce

adj. 凶猛的; 猛烈的; 狂热的; 极不好的; 不友好的,难接近的

adv. 可厌地; 非常,很;


常考结构:

a fierce dog 凶狗

fierce wind 劲风 强风

fierce competition 残酷的竞争


A fierce battle took place in the toen 

小镇里发生了激烈的战斗!



27. widespread

adj. 普遍的; 广泛的; 分布广的;


常考结构:

be widespread in 是普遍的;在……普及/广泛存在
widespread use in 广泛使用于
widespread interest in the reader 引起广泛的读者兴趣




Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone:Most kids in the 60s and 70s shared their parents’basic values.(2016.12)


但即便如此,仍有报道称青年人普遍叛逆过头了:60 年代和 70 年代的大多数孩子都认同他们父母的基本价值观。





28. concede 

v. 让步; 承认(某事属实、合乎逻辑等); (尤指勉强地)让与; 允许;


常考结构:

concede sth to sb 让步、做出退让;把……让给某人




The researchers conceded that the link of certain health behaviors, including exercise levels, sleep habits and diet.(2019.6)


研究人员承认某些健康行为之间存在联系,包括运动水平、睡眠习惯和饮食。





29.violence/violent

violence: n. 暴力; 暴行; 狂热; 激情; 激烈的力量;

violent adj.暴力的; 强暴的; 感情强烈的; 激情的; 由激情引起的


常考结构:

domestic violence家庭暴力

family violence家庭暴力;家庭暴力事件

physical violence身体暴力,躯体暴力

do violence to破坏;歪曲;强暴对待

be violent to sb.对某人暴力,粗暴


It was the most violent film that I have ever seen.  

这是我看过的最暴力的一部电影。



30. inquiring

adj. 打听的,爱追根究底的

动词原形inquire

v. 询问,查询;调查


常考结构:

inquire about/into sb./sth.  调查/查问/打听消息




They have inquiring minds, and they aren't afraid to admit they don't know something. (2014.12)


他们有追根究底的思想,且他们并不害怕承认他们不知道什么。







Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. (2013.6)


每当客户询问我的书时,志愿者会将他们带去货架指给他们看。





31. withdraw

vt. 撤退;收回;撤消;(从银行)取钱,提款;退股

vi. 撤退;离开


常考结构:

withdraw from v. 退出,离开




Some parents who withdraw their children from the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. (2013.12)


那些为了家庭教育而使孩子退学的父母,其教育背景和正规培训都不足以使他们的孩子接受满意的教育。





32.venture

n.尤指有风险的)企业,商业,投机活动,经营项目;

v. 敢于去(危险或令人不快的地方); 小心地说,谨慎地做(尤指会使人烦恼或不快的事); 冒着(失去贵重或重要的东西)的危险


常考结构:

venture to do sth.冒险去做某事

venture forth (v.+adv.)勇敢地出发 set out bravely


venture in (v.+prep.)

在…中冒着(…的)危险 rise (sth) in (somewhere)


venture into (v.+prep.)

冒险进入 rise (sth) into


venture on〔upon〕 (v.+prep.)

冒险进行,大胆进行 rise (sth) on (sth uncertain)


venture out (v.+adv.)

在天气不好时外出 go outside in unsuitable weather


He ventured to speak to her.

他壮起胆子跟她说话。




Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sealife.(2016.12)


一些企业专注于已经可以争夺的南极资源,比如丰富的海洋生物





33.wrestle

v. 摔跤; 奋力对付; 努力处理; 全力解决;

n. 搏斗; 摔跤; 力战;


常考结构:

wrestle with sb/sth.与某人/某物摔跤,争斗




Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers,or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. (2019.6)


每一个与不同保险公司各种各样表格较量过的医生,或试图理解他们自己填在那些表格上一大堆的自我陈述,都知道化繁为简是可以省钱的。





34.indefinite

adj. 不明确的;无限期的;不定的


常考结构:

indefinite answer含糊其词的答复

indefinite ban无限期禁止

indefinite date未定日期

indefinite period无限期




The trial was adjourned for an indefinite period. (2014,6)


审判被无限期推迟.





35.varieties(variety的复数

n. (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样; 变化; 多样化; 多变性


常考结构:

varieties of 多种多样的

a variety of 多种多样的




Greater varieties of commodities.(2017.6)


更多的商品种类。





36.magnified

adj. 放大的

v. 放大;夸张(magnify的过去分词)




He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly. (2015.12)


他必须用放大镜才能看得清楚。





37. redundant

adj. 多余的,过剩的;被解雇的,失业的;冗长的,累赘的




In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments. (2016.6)


随着时间的推移,它将有助于通过消除多余的测试、防止药物相互作用和帮助医生找到最好的治疗方法来控制成本。





38. imminent 

adj. 即将来临的;迫近的


常考结构:

imminent danger/threat/death/disaster etc

即将来临的危险/威胁/死亡/灾难等




But there is also time for brief diversions onto bizarre ground, such as a discussion of the skyscraper index (which holds that a boom in skyscraper construction is a foolproof sign of an imminent recession). (2013.6)


但也有时间把话题暂时转移到怪诞的地方,比如对摩天大楼指数的讨论(该指数认为,摩天大楼建设的繁荣是经济衰退即将来临的绝对迹象)。





39. undertake

v.承担;从事;负责;承诺;允诺;答应


undertake多用作及物动词,后接名词、动词不定式或that从句作宾语。可用于被动结构。


I'll leave you to undertake an important mission.

我要让你承担一项重要使命。




The adolescent becomes an adult when he  undertakes a real job(2016.6)


当青少年从事一份真正的工作时,他就成为了一个真正的成年人。





40. universal/universe

universe: n.天地万物; 万象; (已知宇宙以外的)宇宙; (某种)经验体系

universal: adj. 普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;普遍存在的;广泛适用的




n.[逻辑学]全称命题; [哲学]一般概念; 一般








 


common多用于指物,侧重很常见,不稀奇。

ordinary用于物,指每天发生,十分平淡无奇;用于人,指无特别之处,很一般。 

commonplace强调缺少新意。 

general语气强于common,侧重大多如此,很少有例外情况。usual指常见常闻和常做的事或举动,强调惯常性。

popular指适应大众爱好、需要,为大家所公认或接受。

universal与general同义,但语气较强,侧重对每个人或事物都适用,根本没有例外。




Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. (2017.6)


联合国气候变化大会COP 21,目标是就减少温室气体排放,达成一项普遍且具有潜在法律约束力的协议。





41. ultimate/ultimately

adj. 最后的; 最终的; 终极的; 极端的; 最好(或坏、伟大、重要等)的; 根本的

adv. 最终; 最后; 终归; 最基本地; 根本上


常考结构:

in the ultimate 到最后, 终于




The process of ageing can ultimately be brought under control.(2021.6)


衰老的过程最终可以得到控制。




42.rectified

adj. 改正的,整流的;精馏过的

v. 调整;矫正;精馏(rectify的过去分词形式)




President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a rectified setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.(2018.6)


亚伯拉罕·林肯总统在南北战争期间颁布了一项修正规定,将感恩节定在11月的最后一个星期四。





43.supposed

adj.误以为的; 误信的; 所谓的;

v.(根据所知)认为,推断,料想; 假定; 假设; 设想; (婉转表达)我看,要我说,要不;

常考结构:

be supposed to 应该,被期望




More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their  flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining.


自从探险家们竞相在世界底部(南极)插上他们的旗帜以来,一个多世纪过去了。在未来的几十年里,这片大陆应该作为科学保护区受到保护,免受军事活动和采矿等入侵。





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