【电波之旅】特写：在北极圈追踪中国电台
特写：在北极圈追踪中国电台
视频网址：http://news.cncnews.cn/2013-11-18/124029576.html
(哪位朋友帮助看一下上面网址里的视频文件怎么提取出来？)
节目文稿：
在芬兰北部拉普兰地区，距离北冰洋100公里的地方，在由两名芬兰无线电爱好者自行建造的远程广播收听站里，可以清晰地收听到来自中国的无线电广播节目。一起去了解一下。
冬天临近，芬兰北部早已下起鹅毛大雪，驱车一千多公里，记者终于到达这座位于拉普兰森林中的小木屋——由米卡和吉姆一手创建的远程收听站。他们是有着30年经验的资深无线电爱好者，也是这个群体中最活跃的成员。每年入冬前都会在距北冰洋100公里的艾赫基涅米住上两周，在小木屋里收听来自世界各地的广播电视节目。
装备齐全的无线电站
经过这些年的建设，小站内外已布有十多根天线。这些天线实际上就是水平的金属线，平均每根长约一公里。
新华社记者张璇：在这个无线电站的外面一共有14根天线，可以收到来自世界各地的中波段广播节目。其中有4根天线可以收到来自中国的节目。利用我们旁边这个被命名为80度的天线，可以收到来自中国南方省份的广播节目，比如来自广东的和湖南的。
天线越长，安放角度越好，就会收到越多的广播节目。米卡和吉姆把天线固定在树上，距地面一人多高，为的是防止被驯鹿、野兔、熊等野生动物啃食破坏。
除了这些天线，所有的设备都在他们的小木屋里。米卡说，在这里可以收听到除了海南之外中国所有省份的节目，甚至是像山东日照这样的城市也不例外。
日照人民广播电台：日照人民广播电台新闻综合频道（男声），日照人民广播电台新闻综合频道（女声）……
令人废寝忘食的“爱好”
解说：日光是影响无线电信号传播的主要原因之一，在电波传送途中，途经地区若是白天，信号会受到干扰，若途经地区是黑夜，节目信号才有可能清晰地到达接收站。因为各国进入黑夜的时间不同，米卡和吉姆用轮班制的方式来确保24小时都有人收听节目。
同芬兰无线电爱好者吉姆：在收听效果非常好的状态下，我们在一个小时内可以收听到许多中国的广播电台，大概有110个不同的频率。如果我们需要明确地知道这些频率属于哪些省市，具体是哪个电台，我们需要110小时来精听这一小时的节目。
在北部的这两周时间里，他们每天都有许多工作要做，比如确定已经收到电台的语言、频率、位置，还要给不同国家和地区的电台写信——他们每确认新的电台，都会给对方发去确认信，从手写信到现在的电子邮件，这么多年来一直都没间断过。到现在为止，米卡和吉姆已经收到了来自200个国家和地区的上千封回信。
不确定的未来
解说：上世纪中叶，调幅（AM）广播电台开始盛行，但是，随着调幅广播电台逐渐被传输音质更好的调频（FM）广播所取代，像以前一样热衷收听远距离广播节目的爱好者数量也大大减少。现在，芬兰远程广播收听爱好者协会仅剩下700名成员，在1980年这个数字还是2000人。
芬兰无线电爱好者米卡：现在很难再让新人对无线电产生兴趣了。我记得我年轻的时候，全国只有一个电台，就是我现在工作的芬兰国家广播公司。而现在年轻人若是想听喜欢的音乐，已经没必要收听国家广播电台了。
虽然现在收听远程广播这一爱好已不再流行，米卡和吉姆还是认为，这个坚持了近30年的爱好值得他们付出努力。
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其他的报导：
北极圈里收听中国声音
《人民日报海外版 》（ 2013年11月20日 第 01 版）
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2013-11/20/content_1327361.htm
据新华社赫尔辛基１１月１８日电 （记者李骥志、张璇）北极圈的第二场雪越下越大。记者抵达目的地时，已经是晚上９点多。顺着车灯望去，隐约看见森林中的小木屋，这是米卡和吉姆一手创建的远程收听站。
收听站位于芬兰北部的艾赫基涅米，距北冰洋约１００公里。这里人烟稀少，电器干扰少，能清晰地收听到远距离的中波广播。
米卡和吉姆是拥有３０年经验的远程收听爱好者，每年入冬前都会在这里住上两周，专心收听世界各地的广播节目。他们在周边森林里水平铺设了１４根铜线作为天线，每根天线长约１公里，分别对准不同方向。
米卡说：“芬兰的下午是东亚的夜晚，这时候是收听中国、日本、泰国电台的最佳时间，而午夜则是收听南美电台的最佳时间。”记者带上耳机，居然听到里边传来“日照人民广播电台新闻综合频道”的播音。
吉姆告诉记者，作为远距离收听者，有两个时刻最令人激动：一是多年来一直收听一家电台，突然有一天辨出了它的“身份”；二是把一段录音传给这家电台后，收到对方肯定的答复。
米卡向记者展示了一封深圳广播电台发于２０１２年５月的答复函。信中说：“米卡先生……经确认，您收到的声音是我台中波广播的信号，您是迄今为止我们所知的最远的听众。”
米卡说，在反复发信求证后，近2/3的中国电台会予以答复，他对此由衷感激。
目前艾赫基涅米的１４根天线中已有４根能够接收中国各地的广播信号，收听中国众多的普通话和方言广播，已经是米卡和吉姆生活中的一大乐事。
特写：在北极圈收听中国电台节目
2013年11月19日 17:43:44 来源：新华网
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-11/19/c_118207586.htm
新华网赫尔辛基１１月１８日电（记者李骥志 张璇）
北极圈的第二场雪越下越大。记者抵达目的地时，已经是晚上９点多。顺着车灯望去，隐约看见森林中的小木屋，这是米卡和吉姆一手创建的远程收听站。
收听站位于芬兰北部的艾赫基涅米，距北冰洋约１００公里。这里人烟稀少，电器干扰少，能清晰地收听到远距离的中波广播。
米卡和吉姆是拥有３０年经验的远程收听爱好者，每年入冬前都会在这里住上两周，专心收听世界各地的广播节目。
他们在周边森林里水平铺设了１４根铜线作为天线，每根天线长约１公里，分别对准不同方向。为了防止驯鹿和驼鹿撞线，他们把天线架在距地面２米高处。米卡说，这些设施堪称全球无线电收听站中条件最好的了。
由于无线电信号传输“怕光”，米卡和吉姆不得不赶在世界各地黑夜降临时收听广播。米卡告诉记者：“芬兰的下午是东亚的夜晚，这时候是收听中国、日本、泰国电台的最佳时间，而午夜则是收听南美电台的最佳时间。”记者带上耳机，居然听到里边传来“日照人民广播电台新闻综合频道”的播音。
米卡和吉姆轮流值班，力争覆盖所有时段。他们要做的工作很多，收听、录音、确认频率、确认方位，以确认电台身份。
由于远距离传输信号不稳定，各种语言报台名也不是一下子就能听懂，往往一家电台听了十几年也无法确认其“身份”。通常，他们在有了最初判断后，会把一段录音寄给所认定的电台，以求得到对方回复。迄今，米卡已收到５０００多封回复。而吉姆得到了近７０００封，保持着芬兰远距离收听纪录。吉姆相信，这个成绩在世界上也无人可比。
吉姆告诉记者，作为远距离收听者，有两个时刻最令人激动：一是多年来一直收听一家电台，突然有一天辨出了它的“身份”；二是把一段录音传给这家电台后，收到对方肯定的答复。
米卡向记者展示了一封深圳广播电台发于２０１２年５月的答复函。信中说：“米卡先生……经确认，您收到的声音是我台中波广播的信号，您是迄今为止我们所知的最远的听众。”
米卡说，在反复发信求证后，近三分之二的中国电台会予以答复，他对此由衷感激。“如果世界上所有电台都能回复，将是对我们多年来努力的最好回报。”
远程收听是无线电爱好的一种，起源于上世纪中叶，当时调幅（ＡＭ）广播正在盛行。调幅广播发出的信号经过电离层反射，可以达到很远的地方，这激发了人们收听千里之外广播节目的兴趣。
随着调幅广播逐渐被音质更好的调频（ＦＭ）广播取代，以及互联网的流行，像以前一样热衷远程收听的爱好者数量锐减。目前，芬兰远程广播收听爱好者协会仅有７００名成员，而１９８０年这个数字还是２０００人。
虽然流行趋势发生变化，但是米卡和吉姆觉得，这个投入了３０年的爱好值得他们继续坚持下去。现任芬兰国家广播公司国际新闻资深编辑的米卡说，他从远程收听中获得了不少工作灵感。吉姆则告诉记者，他创意的卡通作品《迪比狗》在中国流行，起初就是通过远程收听与广东一家电台结缘。
目前艾赫基涅米的１４根天线中已有４根能够接收中国各地的广播信号，收听中国众多的普通话和方言广播已经是米卡和吉姆生活中的一大乐事。
米卡和吉姆都是我的听友，我们时有电邮往来:
At 2013-11-20 09:01:30,"Mika Makelainen"<mika(at)makelainen(dot)com> wrote:
Nihao Jonathan!
Yes, thanks, I have seen the article. Thereare actually several articles:
- news report in English at
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/culture/2013-11/18/c_132898318.htm
- news report in Chinese at
http://news.xinhuanet.com/2013-11/19/c_118207586.htm
(and republished by at least a dozen newspapersin China)
- CNC TV report and script in Chinese at
http://news.cncnews.cn/2013-11-18/124029576.html
And there should also be a TV report inEnglish, but I haven't found it yet.
Hopefully Chinese radio stations will nowlearn something more about DXing - and will reply to our reports more oftenthan now ;)
At http://www.dxing.info/dxpeditions/aih29rep.dxyou can find my report about the DXpedition, which Xinhua took part in.
By the way, I have some news for you. Ihave just found two new Chinese stations, which are not listed in the WRTH.Aihui PBS from Heilongjiang on 999 kHz, and Heilongjiang PBS (probably LifeService) on 648 kHz. Unfortunately Heilongjiang PBS has not responded to myreports. Do you happen to have any alternative contact information for thestation (other than listed in the WRTH or the station website), for exampleemail addresses of some people who work at the station?
73
Mika
http://c.blog.sina.com.cn/profile.php?blogid=956242578900062r
新华网赫尔辛基11月18日电（记者李骥志张璇）北极圈的第二场雪越下越大。记者抵达目的地时，已经是晚上9点多。顺着车灯望去，隐约看见森林中的小木屋，这是米卡和吉姆一手创建的远程收听站。
收听站位于芬兰北部的艾赫基涅米，距北冰洋约100公里。这里人烟稀少，电器干扰少，能清晰地收听到远距离的中波广播。
米卡和吉姆是拥有30年经验的远程收听爱好者，每年入冬前都会在这里住上两周，专心收听世界各地的广播节目。
他们在周边森林里水平铺设了14根铜线作为天线，每根天线长约1公里，分别对准不同方向。为了防止驯鹿和驼鹿撞线，他们把天线架在距地面2米高处。米卡说，这些设施堪称全球无线电收听站中条件最好的了。
由于无线电信号传输“怕光”，米卡和吉姆不得不赶在世界各地黑夜降临时收听广播。米卡告诉记者：“芬兰的下午是东亚的夜晚，这时候是收听中国、日本、泰国电台的最佳时间，而午夜则是收听南美电台的最佳时间。”记者带上耳机，居然听到里边传来“日照人民广播电台新闻综合频道”的播音。
米卡和吉姆轮流值班，力争覆盖所有时段。他们要做的工作很多，收听、录音、确认频率、确认方位，以确认电台身份。
由于远距离传输信号不稳定，各种语言报台名也不是一下子就能听懂，往往一家电台听了十几年也无法确认其“身份”。通常，他们在有了最初判断后，会把一段录音寄给所认定的电台，以求得到对方回复。迄今，米卡已收到5000多封回复。而吉姆得到了近7000封，保持着芬兰远距离收听纪录。吉姆相信，这个成绩在世界上也无人可比。
吉姆告诉记者，作为远距离收听者，有两个时刻最令人激动：一是多年来一直收听一家电台，突然有一天辨出了它的“身份”；二是把一段录音传给这家电台后，收到对方肯定的答复。
米卡向记者展示了一封深圳广播电台发于2012年5月的答复函。信中说：“米卡先生……经确认，您收到的声音是我台中波广播的信号，您是迄今为止我们所知的最远的听众。”
米卡说，在反复发信求证后，近三分之二的中国电台会予以答复，他对此由衷感激。“如果世界上所有电台都能回复，将是对我们多年来努力的最好回报。”
远程收听是无线电爱好的一种，起源于上世纪中叶，当时调幅（AM）广播正在盛行。调幅广播发出的信号经过电离层反射，可以达到很远的地方，这激发了人们收听千里之外广播节目的兴趣。
随着调幅广播逐渐被音质更好的调频（FM）广播取代，以及互联网的流行，像以前一样热衷远程收听的爱好者数量锐减。目前，芬兰远程广播收听爱好者协会仅有700名成员，而1980年这个数字还是2000人。
虽然流行趋势发生变化，但是米卡和吉姆觉得，这个投入了30年的爱好值得他们继续坚持下去。现任芬兰国家广播公司国际新闻资深编辑的米卡说，他从远程收听中获得了不少工作灵感。吉姆则告诉记者，他创意的卡通作品《迪比狗》在中国流行，起初就是通过远程收听与广东一家电台结缘。
目前艾赫基涅米的14根天线中已有4根能够接收中国各地的广播信号，收听中国众多的普通话和方言广播已经是米卡和吉姆生活中的一大乐事。
Hunting for radio signals near Arctic Ocean
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/culture/2013-11/18/c_132898318.htm
by Li Jizhi, Zhang Xuan
HELSINKI, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- As winterapproaches, it takes a huge effort to drive north and to find the tiny DXingcabin in a remote, snowy Arctic forest. The endeavor may, however, proveworthy.
DXing is the hobby of receiving oridentifying distant radio or television signals, DX being the telegraphicshorthand for "distance."
Mika Makelainen and Jim Solatie spent twoweeks in northern Finland in early November, listening to radio programs comingacross the oceans and the continents.
WELL-EQUIPPED STATION
Being active DXers for more than 30 years,the two middle-aged men travel 1,200 km from Helsinki to Lapland in late autumnevery year.
They are cofounders of the Aihkiniemi DXingstation, located about 100 km from the Arctic Ocean. Away from TVs or otherradio interference, this sparsely populated village is a unique place toreceive medium wave signals.
Over the years, they have equipped thestation with 14 metal-wired antennas, a valuable facility which they believecould be the most advanced in the world.
Each about one kilometer long, the antennasare fixed on trees, lifted over one man's height from ground, and spread alongdifferent directions towards the other side of the globe.
"We have to lift them up in order toprevent the reindeer and moose from bumping into them," said Mika, whiletrudging in thick snow, checking the antennas with a long pole.
The longer the antennas are and the betterangles they are placed, the more capable they are of catching signals that havedrifted and bounced over here from far away.
In below-zero temperatures, they live in awooden cabin, equipped with a kitchenette, a composting toilet, a room for twobeds and a 13-square meter working room.
However, DXers make the working room lookmore homely by filling it with packages of chocolate, cheese and berries.
Seated inside with headphones, Xinhuareporters could clearly hear the broadcasts of a number of Chinese radiostations including weaker ones like the People's Broadcasting Station ofRizhao, a city of Shandong Province, in Eastern China.
EXCITING HOBBY
As sunlight is a major factor that affectspropagation of radio signals, they have to chase the darkness around the world,where medium waves travel faster.
"Afternoons are a good time forlistening to Asian radio stations, whereas during the night signals from LatinAmerica are stronger," said Mika, showing a world map indicating how theborderline between day and night changes over 24 hours.
DXers may be the only people who don't liketo see the northern lights, or aurora borealis, since solar activity can amountto a disaster for DXing, preventing long-distance reception from the Far Eastand North America.
Mika and Jim wish they could keep awakeevery minute, and they take shifts, day and night, sitting in front of thelaptops.
They really have a lot to do -- to identifythe frequencies of received channels, their location and, of course, thelanguages spoken in the programs. They even record the programs so that theyhave enough time to recognize them back in Helsinki.
While this seems a mission impossible formost people, Mika and Jim each boast of having recognized thousands of radiostations in over 200 countries and regions.
"You are the farthest listener we haveever known till now," says a confirmation letter from ShenzhenBroadcasting Station in Southern China. A senior official of the stationreplied in May last year after receiving a recorded passage sent by Mika.
Mika and Jim now have one wish -- theforeign radio stations would reply to their reception reports, confirming ifthe signals they have received in far-away Arctic really originate from theradio stations in question.
DXing is a hobby maintained by tens ofthousands of fans around the world. The activity first flourished in the middleof the 20th century, when AM radio stations were more popular than FM stations.
While AM stations are intended to coversmaller areas like cities, medium wave transmissions are often reflected byionosphere and reach unexpected places.
Like sports enthusiasts who compete forspeed and strength, DXers compete for the amount of stations they canrecognize.
"When you hear a new station in yourheadphones, and you realize immediately wow I have been trying to recognizethis station for 25 years and now I got it. So that's the big moment,"said Jim.
However, it took Jim's wife almost 30 yearsto accept his passion, since he usually stays in the northern forest for twoweeks annually, leaving the family members at home.
UNCERTAIN FUTURE
Mika remembered that a couple of decadesago he used to be the host of the chief editor of the English Service of ChinaRadio International at his home in Finland, thanks to his hobby in DXing.
Now an experienced correspondent himselfworking in the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE), Mika said he felt no lessaddicted to the hobby, although he could no longer do DXing for 20 hours a day.
There are far fewer DXers than decades ago,as AM stations around the world are being replaced with FM transmitters to improvethe technical quality of radio broadcasting. It is not possible to receive FMsignals from quite as far away as AM signals. Moreover, youngsters are fonderof listening to the radio on the Internet.
There are only about 700 members in theFinnish DX Association today, compared with over 2,000 in the 1980's. Among theassociation's members, only a minority are active DXers, said Mika.
Admitting the popularity of the hobby hasdiminished, Mika and Jim both insist that DXing has been tremendously beneficialand rewarding.
Mika said he valued the opportunity ofmeeting anchors, editors and producers in different nations, and considersthese contacts very valuable both professionally and personally.
Programmers are currently developing newcomputer software, which enable easier DXing by recording large portions of theradio dial, measuring exact frequencies, improving sound editing, and evenrecognizing languages.
"They develop the software notnecessarily for marketing, but mainly out of enthusiasm," said Mika.
The good news is while European countriesshut down AM transmitters, Nordic DXers can receive more radio stations insurrounding areas like Asia and Africa and increase their portfolio.
For instance, the closedown of a nearby AMstation in Russia has paved the way for Mika and Jim to catch Chinese andJapanese stations on a frequency which was previously very disturbed due tostrong interference.
Editor: Chen Zhi
英语的视频在这里（与中文的不完全一样）：
http://en.cncnews.cn/news/v_show/37075_Hunting_radio_near_Arctic.shtml
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The Ultimate AM DXing Base in Lapland
by Mika Mäkeläinen
http://www.dxing.info/dxpeditions/aihkiniemi_dx_cabin_for_rent.dx
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