优越的同班朋友
对成人收入和收入流动性的影响:
对 1953 年出生的瑞典世代群的研究
(今天的推文也狠狠标题党了)
Gurzo, K., Östergren, O., Martikainen, P., & Modin, B. (2024). The impact of privileged classroom friends on adult income and income mobility: A study of a Swedish cohort born in 1953. Social Forces, 102(3), 1068-1088.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad079
影响因子:
IF 3.3,SSCI,JCR Q1,中科院1区,社会学Top
研究领域:
社会分层与流动、社会网络
摘要:
代际间及代际内的社会关系与代际间的收入流动性有关。在养育子女的过程中,父母通过社会化和向子女传递各种资源来影响子女未来的机会。然而,子女自己获得的社会交往,比如学校中的友谊,也可能影响长期结果。家庭条件较差的儿童可能会通过与条件优越的朋友及其父母接触而获得额外的资源。本研究探讨了拥有父母收入高的同学(优势朋友)是否与收入向上流动有关。此外,本研究还探讨了父母收入分布处在什么段位上的优势朋友最重要。我们使用的数据来自斯德哥尔摩出生世代多代研究(he Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study,N= 10641),这是一项前瞻性研究,研究对象是 1953 年出生、1963 年居住在大斯德哥尔摩地区的人。我们用班级固定效应模型来估算童年时期拥有优势朋友与成年后收入之间的关系,以及父母收入与成年后收入之间的关系,以及优势朋友与父母收入之间的交互作用。结果显示,在班级中有优势朋友的学生成年后收入更高,并且,与父母收入较高的学生相比,父母属于最低收入四分位数的学生的收入增幅更大。对童年社会经济背景、个人属性和成人教育程度进行控制后,这些结果仍是稳健的。我们的研究发现表明,在学校班级中有一个经济条件优越的朋友,会提高低收入家庭子女的成年收入和收入向上流动性。
注释1:
图2显示,随着父母收入排序的提高,个体成年后收入也越高;相对于童年没有优势朋友的个体,有优势朋友的个体在成年后收入排序会更高;并且父母越穷,有优势朋友的好处越明显;同时有趣的是,随着父母收入提高到90分位左右时,交有钱朋友的好处就不再明显、甚至反转为劣势,童年期没有优势朋友反而比具有优势朋友更可能提高其收入。换言之,这或许能支持有钱小孩在童年期结交普通朋友的策略,因为这对他们未来收入也有一定的好处。
注释2:
结合社会融入有关的研究看,学生社交的图景将更加立体。社会融入的研究发现,低阶层学生往往比高阶层学生更排斥跨阶层接触,可能的原因或许是自我设限,也或许是体验不佳,但无论如何,这些结果表明,校园里“向上社交”的“客观空间”可能并不像人们想象中那么狭窄。
Abstract
Social relationships across and within generations are associated with intergenerational income mobility. Parents affect their children’s future opportunities through socialization and by conveying various resources to the child during upbringing. However, self-acquired social contacts of children, such as friendships in school, might also affect long-term outcomes. Children from less privileged homes may gain access to additional resources through contact with privileged friends and their parents. This study examines whether having a classroom friend with high parental income (privileged friend) is associated with upward income mobility. Furthermore, it explores where in the parental income distribution a privileged friend matters most. We use data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study (n = 10,641), which is a prospective study of individuals born in 1953 who lived in the greater Stockholm area in 1963. We fit classroom fixed-effects models to estimate the association between having a privileged childhood friend and adult income as well as parental income and adult income along with the interaction of privileged friend and parental income. Results show that cohort members who had a privileged classroom friend had higher adult income, and that this income gain was greater among those whose parents belonged to the lowest income quartile, compared with those whose parents had higher incomes. These results are robust to adjustments for childhood socioeconomic background, personal attributes, and adult educational attainment. Our findings indicate that having an economically privileged friend in the school class bolsters adult income and upward income mobility of children from families with low income.
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编辑兴趣领域:
社会分层
家庭社会学/性别研究
教育社会学/青少年发展
健康研究
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