听林伯虎讲11个词，然后帮我们取个名字好么？
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单词开花 第01期
巴黎圣母院失火，外媒报道火灾“破坏”情况都用了哪些词？
1
damage /'dæmɪdʒ/
n. 破损，损害，损伤
physical harm that is done to something or to a part of someone’s body, so that it is broken or injured
These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage. 经发现，这些化学物质会造成严重的环境破坏。
vt. 损害，损坏，损伤〔某物或某人的身体〕
to cause physical harm to something or to part of someone’s body
同义词 (SYN) harm
insects that damage crops 破坏庄稼的昆虫
2
engulf /ɪn'ɡʌlf/
vt. 1. 完全包围；遮住
to completely surround or cover something
The building was engulfed in flames. 那幢楼被大火吞没了。
vt. 2.〔不愉快的情感〕吞没，包围
if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly
despair so great it threatened to engulf him 几乎要将他压垮的绝望情绪
3
ravage /'rævɪdʒ/
vt. 严重毁坏，摧毁
to damage something very badly
a country ravaged by civil war 遭受内战重创的国家
His health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs. 酗酒和吸毒渐渐毁了他的健康。
4
crumble /'krʌmbəl/
vi. 碎裂，崩裂，坍塌
if something, especially something made of stone or rock, is crumbling, small pieces are breaking off it
(also 又作 crumble away)
The old stonework was crumbling away. 古老的石筑部分逐渐崩塌。
【词源】
crumble使破碎，来自crumb, 面包屑。-le, 表反复。
5
gut /gʌt/
vt. 毁坏〔建筑物〕的内部〔尤指烧毁〕
to completely destroy the inside of a building, especially by fire
The building was completely gutted by fire. 大楼被火烧空了。
n. gut reaction/feeling/instinct 本能的反应/本能的感觉/直觉
a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it
He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying. 他凭直觉感到萨拉在撒谎。
【词源】
gut n. 肠道，勇气。词源同 foundry, gush, gust. 用于解剖学术语。肠道在古代医字观念被认为是情感所在之地，引申义勇气。
6
devastate /'devəsteɪt/
vt. 严重破坏，彻底破坏，摧毁
to damage something very badly or completely
The city centre was devastated by the bomb. 市中心被这枚炸弹摧毁了。
【词源】
de-, 强调，整个的。vast, 广阔的。即整个摧毁。
devastating /'devəsteɪtɪŋ/
adj. 毁灭性的，破坏力极强的
badly damaging or destroying something
It will be a devastating blow for the town if the factory closes. 如果工厂关闭，对该镇来说将是沉重的打击。
devastating effect/impact
Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest. 酸雨对森林的破坏力极大。
devastating results/consequences
The oil spill had devastating consequences for wildlife. 这次石油泄漏事故对野生生物造成了毁灭性的后果。
devastation /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn/
n. （尤指大面积的）毁灭，破坏，蹂躏
great destruction or damage, especially over a wide area
The bomb caused widespread devastation. 炸弹造成大面积破坏。
7
destruction /dɪ'strʌkʃən/
n. 破坏，摧毁，毁坏，消灭
the act or process of destroying something or of being destroyed
weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
The floods brought death and destruction to the area. 洪水给该地区带来了死亡和破坏。
destructive /dɪ'strʌktɪv/
adj. 毁灭性的，造成破坏的
causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons 现代武器的破坏力
What is good for the individual can be destructive to the family. 个人的利益对于家庭来说有可能是破坏性的。
【词源】
de-, 夺去，损毁。-struct, 建造，词源同structure,destroy.
【词根词缀】
de-相反 + -struct-建设 + -ive
8
destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/
vt. 破坏，毁掉，摧毁
to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired
companies that are polluting and destroying the environment 污染和破坏环境的公司
词组：
completely/totally destroy
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
destroy sb’s
confidence/hope/faith etc
【词源】
de-, 夺去，损毁。-stroy, 建造，词源同structure,destruct.
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