振聋发聩！中联办副主任“三问”香港青年
中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区联络办公室副主任杨建平10月28日在“员工专栏”撰文，提到母校南开大学创校校长张伯苓著名的“爱国三问”，而他环顾香港现况亦心生“三问”，直斥有反修例示威者“那些举着美国旗、英国旗游行示威”，强调现在早已不是近代史上任人宰割的旧中国了，中国政府和14亿国人不会由着他们丧权辱国。
以下为文章全文：
几天前，我受邀参加香港天津联谊会聚会，庆祝新中国成立70周年和联谊会成立25周年。会场内欢声笑语，载歌载舞，满满的正能量。
A few days ago, I was invited to a dinner party organized by the Hong Kong Tianjin Friendship Association (HKTJFA) to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China along with the 25th anniversary of the HKTJFA. Signs of positive energy, such as laughter, singing and dancing, permeated the entire venue.
我与天津结缘，是因为我的母校南开大学。“文革”后内地恢复高考，我有幸成为首批大学生，在南开度过了美好的4年时光。今年是新中国70华诞，也恰是南开大学建校百年，刚刚过去的10月17日，母校举行了隆重的庆典。
Thanks to my alma mater, Nankai University, I have become attached to the city of Tianjin. I was fortunate enough to be among the first batch of undergraduates who spent an enjoyable four years in Nankai after the National College Entrance Examination was reinstated after the “cultural revolution” (1966-76). This year not only marks the 70th birthday of New China, but also happens to be the centennial of Nankai University. A ceremonious celebration for my alma mater was held on Oct 17.
没能返津为母校庆生，颇觉遗憾，但有关母校的记忆，这些日子始终萦绕脑海。最最铭记不忘的，当是创校校长张伯苓先生那著名的“爱国三问”。
I have regretted not being able to return to Tianjin to attend the celebration. Nonetheless, memories of my alma mater always linger in my mind, with the most striking one being the three questions on patriotism posed by the founding president, Zhang Boling.
张伯苓先生著名的“爱国三问” 图源：网络图片
“你是中国人吗？”
“Are you Chinese?”
“你爱中国吗？”
“Do you love China?”
“你愿意中国好吗？”
“Do you wish China well?”
这振聋发聩的三问，在旧中国苦难深重的年代里，深深撞击着挣扎求索的仁人志士的心，激发起一茬又一茬南开人的报国之志、爱国之情，铸就了南开大学绵延不息的爱国传统。抗战时期，日本侵略者轰炸南开校园，试图摧毁南开人的抗日意志。但南开人是吓不倒的！一大批南开学子投笔从戎，奔赴抗日前线。张伯苓校长的第三个儿子就是这其中的一员，他加入空军，搏击长空，最终捐躯沙场，为祖国付出了年轻的生命。
These three thought-provoking questions struck a chord with many people who were struggling to find a solution to the old China’s predicament, and sparked the passion and patriotism among students and staff of Nankai University, which has since maintained a tradition of patriotism. When Japan waged war against China, Japanese invaders bombed the campus of Nankai University in an attempt to annihilate the local resistance against Japanese invaders. However, the Nankai community was not intimidated! A large number of Nankai students quit school to join the army and went to the frontline of the war against the Japanese invasion. The third son of school president Zhang was one of them. He joined the air force and fought the enemy in the sky, eventually sacrificing his young life for the country.
而今，“爱国三问”被大大地镌写在南开校园内。新学年开学时，台上，校长一句一句大声发问，台下，师生们铿锵有力报以肯定的回答，此情此景，令人激动不已，热血沸腾。
Today, the three questions on patriotism are largely seen on the Nankai campus. At the beginning of the new school year, the president of the school asks each question aloud in front of the teachers and students, who all respond with an affirmative answer. That atmosphere is rousing and breathtaking.
南开大学举行爱国奋斗精神报告会 图源：新华网
默颂着“爱国三问”，环顾眼下之香港，我陷入了沉思。
Looking at the current situation of Hong Kong, the “three questions on patriotism” has made me deeply reflective.
习近平主席说，“一个不记得来路的民族，是没有出路的民族。”不少香港青年，不知道近代以来祖国遭受列强欺辱的历史，不熟悉新中国成立后翻天覆地的深刻变革，也不了解香港与国家荣辱与共、不可分割的紧密联系，缺乏对国家和民族的认同感。“灭人之国，必先去其史”，这是英国殖民统治的苦果，也是回归后香港教育的严重缺失。
President Xi Jinping said: “A nation that forgets its origins will find itself in a blind alley.”Many Hong Kong youngsters are oblivious of Chinese contemporary history in which our motherland was subject to foreign aggression and humiliation. They are unfamiliar with the fact that China has undergone earth-shaking reforms since the founding of New China, are unaware of the inextricable connection between Hong Kong and the motherland in which we share weal and woe together as a single entity, and lack a sense of identity with their own country. Not only is it the bitter fruit of British colonial rule, but also it is the result of a serious deficiency in education since the reunification.
香港今日之乱，除却社会民生问题的积怨外，集中暴露了部分港人尤其是青年人对国情认知的偏颇，以至于有人借着“反修例”发泄对国家的仇恨，散播分离和“港独”理念，竟然可以毫无忌惮、毫不掩饰，足见香港社会国家意识的扭曲已经到了何等严重的地步！
Apart from the deep-seated social and livelihood issues, the current unrest in Hong Kong exposes the reality that some people in Hong Kong, particularly some youngsters, are misinformed about the Chinese mainland. Some of them are so misguided that they are taking advantage of the anti-extradition-bill movement to vent their unwarranted hatred against their own country and even blatantly advocate separatism. This demonstrates how seriously national identity has been distorted in Hong Kong society!
痛心之余，禁不住也生“三问”，想问问香港的青年朋友。
Feeling distressed, I cannot help but raise my own three questions for young people in Hong Kong.
▌一问，你了解今天的中国吗？
新中国70年，由积贫积弱的“东亚病夫”，变成经济总量超过日本与欧盟之和的世界第二，人均寿命从30多岁提高到70多岁。这个14亿人口的大国有着完整的工业体系、卓越的创新能力和强大的国防力量，在国际事务中举足轻重。改革开放创造了持续40年的高速增长，平均每3秒钟就有1个人跨过贫困线，被联合国叹为奇迹。北斗、蛟龙、嫦娥、5G，还有横跨伶仃洋的港珠澳大桥，惊人的科技发展和基础建设，令这个国家日新月异。近20年全球新增森林覆盖率相当于多出一个亚马逊雨林，其中四分之一来自中国的贡献。
As New China enters its 70-year anniversary, it has transformed itself from the “sick man of East Asia” to the second-largest economy in the world, with GDP greater than that of Japan and European Union put together. The life expectancy of the Chinese population has increased from about 30 years to more than 70 years. With a population of 1.4 billion people, China has a comprehensive industrial system, with huge capacity in innovation and national defense, which enable China to play an important role in international affairs. The reform and opening-up policy has facilitated rapid and sustained economic growth over the past 40 years. On average, every three seconds has seen one person climb out of poverty, which is regarded as a miracle by the United Nations. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System, the Jiao Long submarine, the Chang’e robotic spacecraft mission, the 5G technology and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge are remarkable technological and infrastructural developments that have showcased the country’s progress. In the past 20 years, the increase in forested area in the world is equivalent to an Amazon rainforest — and one-quarter of the new forested area is contributed by China.
10月31日，5G商用启动仪式在北京举行 图源：网络图片
你或许不否认中国的经济成就，但对中国的政治制度嗤之以鼻。的确，如果拿美国式民主做标准，中国恐怕永远不合格，因为中国不搞多党制和三权分立。中国也有选举，但更注重协商，“有事好商量，众人的事众人商量”，更能体现民主的真谛。行政、立法、司法、监督，这些现代国家管理的制度模块中国都有，而政协却是中国所特有。一党执政、多党合作、政治协商，这种政治制度兼顾公平与效率，能够集中力量办大事，减少扯皮，更适合中国的国情和快速发展的需要，成为新中国经济腾飞的制度保障。“经济很强，政治很糟”，这是西方社会强加于中国的标签，是一个难以自圆其说的悖论，却骗了太多的香港人。
Some people might sniff at China’s political system while admiring its economic achievements. Indeed, if American-style democracy is regarded as the benchmark, China will probably never pass the test as it does not embrace the multiparty system or the separation of powers. There are also elections in China, but the focus is more on consultation, which better reflects the true meaning of democracy. The executive, legislature, judiciary and supervision are modern governing institutions that China has also established, while the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference is unique to China. One-party rule, multi-party collaboration and political consultation form a political system that balances fairness and efficiency, which enables the country to concentrate on macro initiatives and reduce political wrangling. This political establishment is more suitable to China’s national conditions and better caters to the country’s need for rapid development, and it therefore has become a protection mechanism that guarantees New China’s economic take-off. Western countries like to label China as “powerful in economy but dreadful in politics”. It is a paradox too difficult to justify, yet it has deceived too many people in Hong Kong.
▌二问，你能脱离中国吗？
香港从来就是中国的领土，回归后是中国的一个特别行政区。说什么是香港人而不是中国人，这是荒唐无知加逻辑混乱。你可以离开香港，移民他国，但黑头发黄皮肤是与生俱来、无法改变的。无论你是否喜欢，只要你住在香港，你喝的水、用的电、吃的肉类和蔬菜，大部分都来自北方那片大陆。无论你走到哪里，只要你拿着特区护照，当你在异国他乡遇到麻烦的时候，能够帮你的还是中国使馆。
Hong Kong has been part of China from time immemorial, and became a special administrative region after the reunification. It is preposterous and nonsensical to say that Hong Kong people are not Chinese. One may leave Hong Kong and migrate to another country, but body features like dark hair and yellow skin are innate qualities that cannot be altered. Whether they like it or not, as long as they live in Hong Kong, most of the water, electricity, meat and vegetables are from the northern hinterland. Wherever they travel to, as long as they possess an SAR passport, the Chinese embassy is the only place they can seek help when problems arise.
一个国家只有一个主权，香港与国家不可分割。那些举着美国旗、英国旗游行示威的人，大概是想让外国政府来保护他们，想让外国主宰香港。可惜现在早已不是近代史上任人宰割的旧中国了，中国政府和14亿国人不会由着你们丧权辱国的！
A country can only have one sovereign power, and Hong Kong is inseparable from the State. Those who marched with the American and British flags probably wished foreign governments would protect them and govern Hong Kong. But China is no longer the one that was subject to arbitrary oppression in contemporary history; the central government in Beijing and the 1.4 billion Chinese people will not permit any act that brings disgrace and humiliation upon our country again!
▌三问，你看到中国的未来吗？
过去70年，中国人民从站起来到富起来，正在走向强起来。中国的发展蓝图已经绘就，到本世纪中叶将建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。这也恰恰是香港“一国两制”50年不变的节点，“两制”相得益彰，香港和祖国共享荣光。中国的发展是任何力量都阻挡不了的，经济总量居世界第一已是指日可待。这不是妄想，制度优势和经验积累，以及14亿人的戮力同心，终究会让中国梦变为现实。
In the past 70 years, Chinese people have stood up; our country has become prosperous and is becoming stronger. China’s development blueprint of becoming a strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern nation by the middle of this century has already been outlined. The timing precisely coincides with the 50-year deadline of “one country, two systems”. The “two systems” complement each other and allow Hong Kong and the motherland to share mutual glory. China’s development is inexorable, and it is just a matter of time before the nation becomes the biggest economy in the world. This prospect is not pie in the sky. The institutional advantages and the abundant experiences China enjoys, synergized with the solidarity of 1.4 billion citizens, will eventually turn the Chinese dream into reality.
有些人看不到这个前景也不奇怪，时至今日，“历史终结论”“中国崩溃论”依然不绝于耳。我们已经不挨打了，也已经不挨饿了，但还在挨骂，因为人家控制着话语权和舆论场。中国被西方骂，是因为我们走了一条不同于西方的国家治理道路。惟其如此，无论中国共产党为中国人民也为国际社会办了多少好事，还要被骂，被视为另类。中国并不想输出制度，我们只是找到了一条适合自己的发展路径，而且要坚定地走下去。当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，其核心是制度的竞争，而中国真的不惧怕制度竞争！70年的沧桑巨变给了我们底气，令我们对未来充满自信！
It is not surprising that some people do not see these bright prospects. To date, “theories” such as “the end of history” and “collapse of China” are still lingering in our ears. Chinese citizens are no longer abused nor starved, yet insults are still hurled at us simply because the world’s mainstream media and opinion are controlled by the West. China is reproached because it has embarked on a path different from that of the West. Consequently, no matter how many good deeds the Communist Party of China has done for the Chinese people and the international community, it will still be repeatedly bashed and treated as a nonconformist. China does not intend to export its political system; it is only that we have found a path of development that suits us, and we are determined to continue with this path. The world is undergoing great changes unseen in a century, with a focus on competition among political systems, of which China is not afraid. Seventy years of vicissitudes have given us much confidence to look forward to a bright future!
作者：中联办副主任 杨建平
来源：香港中联办 中国日报香港版
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