钟南山提醒：保持下水道的通畅极为重要！
保持下水道的通畅极为重要
“保持下水道的通畅极为重要！”钟南山提醒。
Renowned Chinese respiratory specialist Zhong Nanshan on Tuesday warned the public to keep their waste pipes unobstructed as the novel coronavirus may spread through drainage systems. drainage /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/：排水；排泄
此前，包括钟南山的团队在内的两个团队已经在粪便里发现新冠病毒，引发人们对于粪口传播的担忧。
Two separate research groups, one of which was led by Zhong, announced last week they had isolated novel coronavirus strains from samples of infected patients' feces, triggering suspicion of fecal-oral transmission. feces /ˈfiːsiːz/ ：粪便
但钟南山表示，新冠病毒并不一定通过消化道传播感染，而是因为下水道中粪便干涸以后，其中的病毒又通过空气、气溶胶传播，人们吸入造成感染。这是最合理的解释。
"If a waste pipe is blocked, the contaminated air, or the aerosol carrying the novel coronavirus, may cause infection," Zhong said. "I don't think the virus was ingested but inhaled by people," he said, adding that hospitals should also pay attention to drainage pipes.
2003年，香港曾经有一栋楼宇，上下楼层住户相继得病。钟南山说，要吸取SARS期间淘大花园的教训，当时一个小区就有300多人感染。
He said a similar case happened in 2003, when over 300 people were infected with SARS in a Hong Kong residential community due to the defective design of its sewage system that caused the spread of the virus. sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ ：下水道
视频来源：中国青年报青蜂侠
钟南山表示，全国确诊病例已出现下降趋势，现在全国80%新冠肺炎患者在武汉，95%以上死亡患者也在武汉，因为武汉还没有停止人传人。
Human-to-human transmissions have not stopped in Wuhan, warned Zhong. Eighty percent of COVID-19 patients and 95 percent of the deaths are in Wuhan, Zhong said, noting that Wuhan is still the key to the battle against the epidemic, as the confirmed cases outside Hubei province have been declining.
“武汉要把正常人和患者分开，把新冠肺炎病人和流感病人分开。如果混在一起，用了很大的人力财力，这个问题仍然不能解决。”
He noted that despite mounting efforts Wuhan authorities have put into the battle against the epidemic, two issues still have not been solved: to separate patients from healthy people, and to separate COVID-19 patients from flu patients.
针对康复病人血浆治疗方法（plasma therapy），钟南山表示，现在数据太少，还显示不出统计学的意义。在武汉现在做了10例，6例经过用药以后，两三天病毒血症消失了，病人临床情况有些改善。
钟南山表示，到目前为止，血浆治疗是比较老的办法，我认为是一个很有效的方法，特别是对重症病人。垂危的病人就差一些，因为他不单纯是病毒感染。
视频来源：中国青年报青蜂侠
Zhong said many Western medicines were proven effective against the virus in labs, but lost efficacy on patients. In contrast, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in clinical treatment and proved effective in stopping the virus and relieving inflammation, which can serve as evidence for TCM's effectiveness, Zhong said.
钟南山介绍，武汉有一段时间因为防护做得不好，医院成了感染的场所。全国有1700多医务人员感染，主要都在武汉。现在好了很多，其他城市也极少报道有医务人员感染，这是防护做得好。
钟南山介绍，磷酸氯喹还够不上特效药，但是它是非常值得探讨的药。面对新的东西，往往实践先于科研，摸着石头过河。已有的比利时、美国的研究表明，磷酸氯喹对冠状病毒是有效的，这次是真正用在人体。磷酸氯喹是老药。短期使用来看，没有太大的副作用。相当一部分患者，能够在一段时间内使得病毒转为阴性。和其他药物对比，发热症状消失，副作用不是很大。个别会出现腹泻，很个别会出现耳鸣，停药后就会停止。目前正在开展较大（范围）的临床观察，要进行用药和不用药的比较。
钟南山认为，17年前SARS也有对患者遗体进行解剖研究（post-mortem examinations），才弄清楚了全身脏器的破坏情况，特别是肺本身的病变。他说，从肺的情况来看，新冠肺炎患者的肺与SARS不一样，有肺泡、炎症，同时存在大量黏液，会引起哮喘。这与新冠肺炎的临床观察非常相似。他提醒，在临床治疗中，要特别注意患者的气道通畅。
来源：中国青年报 央视新闻 环球时报 新华社
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