哥伦布遭“斩首”，丘吉尔被涂鸦，世界多地争议性雕像被毁 ｜夜听双语
黑人男子乔治·弗洛伊德被警察跪杀引发的抗议活动在全美已蔓延半月有余，众多有种族主义争议的雕像被示威者推倒或者准备请愿移除。
半岛电视台6月10号的报道就称新大陆的发现者克里斯托弗·哥伦布（Christopher Columbus）位于弗吉尼亚州里士满的雕像被示威者推倒了。
A statue of Christopher Columbus in Richmond, Virginia, was torn down, set on fire and then thrown into a lake by protesters.
弗吉尼亚州里士满的克里斯托弗·哥伦布雕像被抗议者推倒、纵火，然后扔进湖中。
After the figure was removed from its pedestal by protesters using several ropes, a sign that reads, "Columbus represents genocide" was placed on the spray-painted foundation that once held the statue.
示威者用几根绳子从基座上拔除雕像，此后，布满喷漆的雕像基座上摆放了一个标语，写着“哥伦布代表了种族大屠杀”。
同一天（6月10日），波士顿的哥伦布雕像则遭“斩首”。
The Christopher Columbus statue in Boston’s North End will be removed after it was beheaded early Wednesday morning. Mayor Marty Walsh said it will be put in storage and there will now be conversations about the “historic meaning” of the incident and whether it will ever go back up.
波士顿北端的克里斯托弗·哥伦布雕像星期三清晨被斩首后，该雕像将被移走。市长马蒂·沃尔什表示，雕像将被存放起来，也将会举行对话商讨此次事件的“历史意义”以及雕像是否会被重新立起来。
在此之前，反种族主义示威已席卷欧洲和澳洲。
美联社的文章显示，位于伦敦的丘吉尔（Winston Churchill）的雕像也未能幸免。
At weekend protests in London, demonstrators scrawled “was a racist” on a statue of Winston Churchill.
在伦敦周末（指6月7日）的抗议活动中，示威者在温斯顿·丘吉尔的雕像上涂鸦“是种族主义者”。
Britain’s wartime prime minister is revered as the man who led the country to victory against Nazi Germany. But he was also a staunch defender of the British Empire and expressed racist views.
英国战时首相被尊为领导国家战胜纳粹德国的领袖，但他也是大英帝国的坚定捍卫者，并表达过种族主义观点。
此外，英国示威者们还推倒了位于布里斯托的奴隶贸易主爱德华·科尔斯顿（Edward Colston）的雕像。
The protesters in the city of Bristol, in southwest England, tied the bronze statue of Edward Colston with rope before toppling it to cheers from the surrounding crowd.
英国西南部布里斯托市的抗议者用绳子将爱德华·科尔斯顿的铜像绑住，然后将其倾倒，周围群众欢呼。
Demonstrators were later seen rolling the statue to the nearby harbor and throwing it into the River Avon.
后来有人看到示威者把雕像滚到附近的港口，扔到埃文河里。
美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）称：
Edward Colston’s company transported tens of thousands of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean between 1672 and 1689.
爱德华·科尔斯顿的公司在1672年至1689年间运送了数万名奴隶穿越大西洋去到美洲。
除了布里斯托，伦敦码头区罗伯特·米利根（Robert Milligan，曾是奴隶贩卖商）的雕像，牛津大学塞西尔·罗德斯（Cecil Rhodes）的雕像，以及爱丁堡亨利·邓达斯（Henry Dundas）的雕像，都因为种族主义历史而备受争议。
A statue of slave dealer Robert Milligan in the London Docklands was taken down by council workers to cheers from crowds on Tuesday evening, with officials saying it made the move in line with the "wishes of the local community".
星期二晚上，伦敦码头区的一座奴隶贩子罗伯特·米利根的雕像被议会工作人员推倒，群众一片欢呼。官员们称，这一举动符合“当地社区的意愿”。
Colston’s demise has reinvigorated Oxford University campaigners calling for the removal of a statue of Cecil Rhodes, a Victorian imperialist in southern Africa who made a fortune from mines and endowed the university’s Rhodes scholarships.
科尔斯顿雕像被撤使得牛津大学的活动家们重燃斗志，他们呼吁拆除塞西尔·罗德斯的雕像。塞西尔·罗德斯是维多利亚女王时代（1837–1901 年）南非的帝国主义者，他靠采矿发家，并捐赠了牛津大学的罗德斯奖学金（得奖人被称为罗德学者）。
In Edinburgh, Scotland, there are calls to remove a statue of Henry Dundas, an 18th-century politician who delayed Britain’s abolition of slavery by 15 years.
在苏格兰爱丁堡，有人呼吁拆除18世纪政治家亨利·邓达斯的雕像，他将英国废除奴隶制的时间推迟了15年。
英国以外，欧陆也不平静。
比利时的示威者把国王利奥波德二世（Leopold II）的雕像也卷了进来。
The statue of Leopold II, a Belgian king who brutalized Congo, was vandalized by recent protests against racism in Belgium and has now been removed.
利奥波德二世是比利时国王，曾残暴统治过刚果。最近比利时反对种族主义的抗议活动破坏了他的雕像，该雕像现在已经拆除。
King Leopold II of Belgium oversaw the brutal colonization of Congo in the 19th century that led to millions of deaths.
比利时国王利奥波德二世指导了19世纪对刚果的野蛮殖民统治，导致数百万人死亡。
南半球的新西兰也在反思有殖民主义背景的雕像。
As statues representing colonial and racist figures are toppled worldwide, historians urge Kiwis to reflect on the place of those in their own backyards.
代表殖民地和种族主义人物的雕像在世界各地被推倒，有新西兰历史学家建议，新西兰人要反思自己国家的那些雕像。
In New Zealand, hundreds of statues depicting colonial history are scattered across the country with little or no balance with Māori history, along with streets and places even named after slave traders who never set foot here, and city grids in the shape of the Union Jack in predominantly-Māori towns conquered by British forces.
新西兰有数百座描绘殖民历史的雕像散落在全国各地，与毛利人自己的历史展现几乎不成正比，有道路和地方甚至以从未踏足过新西兰的奴隶贩子命名。许多以毛利人为主要居民的城镇曾被英军占领，这些城镇的网格形状跟英国国旗图案一模一样。
反观美国国内，宾夕法尼亚州、阿拉巴马州、田纳西州和弗吉尼亚州都有雕像被拆除。
对于开头说到的布里斯托市奴隶贸易主爱德华·科尔斯顿雕像被推倒，布里斯托市长回应称：
Bristol Mayor Marvin Rees said that while he does not condone the destruction of public property, as a black man and the son of Jamaican immigrants, he saw the bronze statue of Colston, which was erected in 1895, as a personal affront.
布里斯托市长马文·里斯表示，虽然他不能容忍破坏公共财产的行为，但作为一名黑人和牙买加移民的儿子，他认为1895年竖立的科尔斯顿铜像是对他个人的侮辱。
“I’d be lying if I tried to claim that I'd miss the statue being on that spot in the middle of the city,” Rees, who is the city’s first black mayor, said.
里斯说：“如果我说我会想念市中心的那个雕像，那我肯定是在撒谎。”他是该市第一位黑人市长。
比利时被推倒的雕像背后则有不同的声音，NBC引述该区市长科恩·帕林克斯（Koen Palinckx）的话称：
"It's part of our history and what we were in the past," he said, adding that he understood the calls and that context was important but that removing the statues was not the answer.
市长科恩·帕林克斯表示：“这是我们历史的一部分，也是我们过去的一部分”。他表示理解这些撤雕像的呼吁，雕像的历史背景也很重要，不过，移除雕像并不是解决方案。
对于丘吉尔雕像的遭遇，伦敦市长萨迪克·汗（Sadic Khan）也持保守态度。
Khan suggested Churchill's statue should stay up.
伦敦市长萨迪克·汗表示不会动丘吉尔的雕像。
“Nobody’s perfect, whether it’s Churchill, whether it’s Gandhi, whether it’s Malcolm X,” he told the BBC, adding that schools should teach children about historical figures “warts and all.”
“没有人是完美的，不管是丘吉尔，还是甘地，还是马尔科姆·X，”他对BBC表示，有关历史人物的“功与过好与坏”，学校都得教给小孩。
“But there are some statues that are quite clear cut,” Khan said. “Slavers are quite clear cut in my view, plantation owners are quite clear cut.”
萨迪克·汗说：“但有些雕像就明显需要处理，在我看来，奴隶主需要撤下来，种植园主也需要撤下来。”
对于有争议历史的雕像，各地的处理都不尽相同。
Some say they mark history and honor heritage. Others argue they are racist symbols of America's dark legacy of slavery. While some cities have already made efforts to remove them, others have passed laws to protect them.
有人说雕像是在纪念历史，尊重传统。也有人则认为这些是美国奴隶制黑暗遗产的种族主义象征。虽然有些城市已经努力将雕像拆除，但也有一些城市通过了法律来保护这些雕像。
早在2018年9月，《卫报》就曾撰文分析了移除雕像事件背后的三个不同群体。
► those who would remove the most offensive signs and statues (the so-called antagonistic approach)
那些会移除最具冒犯性的标志和雕像的人（所谓的对抗主义方法）
► those who would modify them to reflect contemporary sensibilities (agonism)
那些改造雕像以反映当代情感的人（痛苦主义）
► those who would leave them alone (conservatism)
以及那些不理会他们的人（保守主义）
Conservatism is clearly the easiest option, and the least tenable one because if the past is not past, and some monuments never totally lose their power to threaten certain groups of people, then they can't be left to stand unaltered.
保守主义显然是最简单的选择，也是最站不住脚的选择，因为若历史仍在重演，一些纪念碑永未完全失去威胁某些人群的力量，那么，就不能让这些雕像安稳立在那儿。
On the other hand, what is actually lost when a statue of Rhodes or Lee falls? Virtually all western cities are monuments to colonialism. Either they were superimposed on earlier indigenous settlements (New York), founded to support the trade in slaves and natural resources (Cape Town), or substantially built with capital extracted from the colonies (pretty much any major European city).
另一方面，当罗德斯或李的雕像倒下时，我们究竟失去了什么？（要这么说的话），几乎所有的西方城市都是殖民主义的纪念地。这些城市要么建于早期的土著居民点之上（如纽约），要么是为了支持奴隶贸易和自然资源贸易而建造（如开普敦），要么基本上都是用从殖民地攫取来的财富建造的（几乎所有欧洲大城市都是这样）。
Removing a few of the most egregious statues will not, as some people fear, erase the histories of these places, nor diminish the cultural heritage their residents are, for better and worse, heir to.
有些人担心，移除那些最糟糕的雕像会抹去这些地方的历史，其实并不会。不论结果好坏，移除这些雕像也不会减少当地居民所继承的文化遗产。
Oxford University has tried to stake out the middle ground, announcing that the Rhodes statue at Oriel College will stay, with modifications that “draw attention to this history [and] do justice to the complexity of the debate”. Proposals include building a second version of the statue that could be defaced with graffiti.
牛津大学试图采取一个中间态度，其宣布奥里尔学院的罗德斯雕像将继续保留，但会作出改造，以“引起人们对这段历史的关注，并公正地对待这场辩论的复杂性”。该改造建议包括建造一个可以被涂鸦破坏的雕像。
This idea of agonism is appealing: it seems both creative and reasonable. Cities such as Asunción, Hamburg and Odessa have all invited artists to rework and recontextualise statues with troubling legacies, with interesting and even powerful results. In Asunción, a hated statue of the former dictator Alfredo Stroessner was crushed and the pieces reassembled into a much-praised monument to those who resisted his regime.
这种痛苦主义的想法很吸引人：它看起来既有创意又合理。亚松森、汉堡和敖德萨等城市都邀请过艺术家对有争议雕像进行再加工和再语境化，产生了有趣甚至强大的效果。在亚松森，前独裁者阿尔弗雷多·斯特罗斯纳的一尊招人憎恨的雕像被碾碎，碎片被重新组装成了一座备受好评的纪念碑，纪念那些反抗他政权的人。
没有哪一种单一的声音是可以适用于所有争议性雕像的。就事论事，具体情况具体对待或许才是各地雕像背后的角力各方需要考虑的。这是所有背负殖民历史的地区需要面对的难题。
这里是中国日报双语新闻夜听双语，我是双语君。
晚安，好梦。
pedestal [ˈpedɪstl ] n （柱子或雕塑等的）底座，基座
behead [bɪˈhed] v 斩首
scrawl [skrɔːl] v 马马虎虎（或潦草）地写
staunch [stɔːntʃ] adj 忠实的；坚定的
topple [ˈtɒpl] v （使）失去平衡而坠落，倒塌，倒下
reinvigorate [ˌriːɪnˈvɪɡəreɪt] v 给…增添精力
vandalize [ˈvændəlaɪz] v 故意破坏，肆意破坏（尤指公共财物）
oversee [ˌəʊvəˈsiː] v 监督；监视；指导
condone [kənˈdoʊn] v 宽恕；饶恕；纵容
warts and all 包括所有的缺点；不隐瞒缺点；不遮丑
antagonistic [ænˌtæɡəˈnɪstɪk] adj 对立情绪的；对抗的；敌对的；敌意的
tenable [ˈtenəbl] adj 说得过去的；站得住脚的
编辑：唐晓敏
实习生：梁诗卿
来源：CNBC、AP、CNN、NBC News、纽约时报、半岛电视台、Sky News、BBC、New Zealand Herald、卫报等
本栏目内容为中国日报双语新闻原创，未经授权，不得转载
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