【中国论坛热词解码】（第69期）美国女性人权的“历史性倒退”
2022年6月24日，美国联邦最高法院以5:4的票数比例，推翻了1973年联邦最高法院对“罗伊诉韦德案”的判决结果。该判决取消了对美国女性堕胎权的宪法保护，将是否允许堕胎的决定权交归各州，使得美国女性享有了近50年的堕胎权不复存在。该事件标志着美国妇女人权的历史性倒退，引发西方各国领导人发声，在该问题上与美国划清界限。
The court’s overturning of the landmarkRoe v Wade decision “shows that these types of rights are always at risk of being steamrolled”, said Ruth Zurbriggen, an Argentinian activist and member of the Companion Network of Latin America and the Caribbean, a group favouring abortion rights.
阿根廷活动家、支持堕胎权利的拉丁美洲和加勒比海同伴网络成员露丝·祖尔布里根（Ruth Zurbriggen）表示，法院推翻了具有里程碑意义的罗伊诉韦德案裁决，“这表明这类权利总是有可能被粉碎”。
（英文摘自2022.6.26 The Guardian 网站）
▲图片来源：BBC News网站
President Joe Biden said on Thursday that he would support making an exception to the filibuster -- the 60-vote threshold in the Senate needed to pass most legislation -- in order to codify abortion rights and the right to privacy through legislation passed by Congress.
拜登总统周四表示，他将支持对阻挠议案做破例处理——参议院通过大多数立法所需的60票门槛——以便通过由国会通过的立法将堕胎权和隐私权编入法律。
（英文摘自2022.6.30 CNN 网站）
“If the filibuster gets in the way – it’s like voting rights - it should be we provide an exception for this,” said Biden, a Democrat. Without sufficient votes in Congress to suspend the legislative filibuster, Biden's statement is more of a gesture than a policy plan.
民主党人士拜登表示：“如果阻挠议案妨碍了我们的工作——就像投票权一样——那我们应该为此提供一个例外。”但在国会没有足够的票数来暂停立法通过阻挠议案的情况下，拜登的声明更像是一种姿态，而非政策计划。
（英文摘自2022.7.2 Reuters 网站）
While some of the so-called “trigger laws” have been in place for years, others have been enacted more recently. Some states could activate their anti-abortion laws immediately, with others following shortly thereafter.
虽然一些所谓的“触发法规”已经存在了多年，但其他一些则是最近才颁布的。部分州可以立即启动其反堕胎法，其他州也会在不久之后启动。
（英文摘自2022.6.25 VOA News 网站）
These so-called “trigger laws” can come into immediate or near-immediate effect following the Supreme Court's reversal of Roe v Wade last week, but many now face fresh legal challenges at the state level. A judge has also temporarily blocked a trigger law from coming into effect in the state of Utah.
这些所谓的“触发法规”可以在最高法院上周推翻罗伊诉韦德案后立即或近乎立即生效，但现在它在州一级面临新的法律挑战。一名法官也暂时阻止了犹他州的触发法规生效。
（英文摘自2022.6.28 BBC News 网站）
▲图片来源：The Guardian网站
For decades, states have introduced and implemented various laws regulating abortions. Some states passed laws to protect abortion access, while others imposed more onerous regulations on abortion providers and sought to prohibit abortion at earlier points in pregnancy.
几十年来，各州都出台并实施了各种管制堕胎的法律。一些州通过了保护堕胎权利的法律，而另一些州则对堕胎提供者实施更严苛的规定，并试图禁止在怀孕早期进行堕胎。
（英文摘自2022.7.1 PBS 网站）
The Louisianalaw is among the most extreme examples of what pro-abortion advocates call TRAP（Targeted restrictions on abortion providers）laws, or targeted regulations of abortion providers. Such laws range from placing onerous and extraordinary regulations on abortion providers that have little to do with the scope of the care they provide, to requiring that doctors maintain admitting privileges at nearby hospitals.
路易斯安那州的法律是最极端的例子之一，支持堕胎的倡导者称之为TRAP法律，对堕胎提供者有针对性法律规定或监管。这类法律范围很广，包括对堕胎服务提供者制定（与他们所提供的护理范围关系不大的）繁琐和特殊的规定，以及要求医生在附近的医院保持入院特权等。
（英文摘自2022.6.25 Bloomberg 网站）
“We hold that Roe and Casey must be overruled,” said the majority opinion, written by Samuel Alitoand joined by four other conservatives, referring also to a 1992 ruling which buttressed Roe. “The constitution makes no reference to abortion, and no such right is implicitly protected by any constitutional provision.”
“我们认为必须推翻罗伊案和凯西案，”由塞缪尔·阿利托（Samuel Alito）撰写并由得到其他四位保守派支持的多数意见如此表示，同时他们还提到1992年支持罗伊的一项裁决，“宪法没有提到堕胎，任何宪法条款都没有隐含地保护这种权利。”
（英文摘自2022.6.24 The Guardian 网站）
White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said Biden is “very concerned” that the justices left the Texas law in place and reiterated his support for Democratic-backed legislation that would buttress abortion rights nationwide.
白宫新闻秘书普萨基表示，拜登“非常关注”大法官们保留了德克萨斯州的法律，并重申他支持民主党支持的立法，该立法将支持全国范围内的堕胎权。
（英文摘自2021.12.11 Reuters 网站）
编辑：程泽笠 审核：许馨匀 韩桦