Oracle 19c 使用数据泵如何导入导出 PDB 用户

作者 | JiekeXu

来源 |公众号 JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）

大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了,今天和大家一起来看看 Oracle 19c 使用数据泵如何导入导出 PDB 用户，欢迎点击上方蓝字关注我，标星或置顶，更多干货第一时间到达！

说起数据泵作为 Oracle DBA 而言，绝对不会陌生，但能够玩转数据泵的就比较少了，如果面试时问你使用数据泵的时候你都遇到了什么问题，该怎么回答？又有多少答案是你所不知道的呢？我想这也算是一个开放题，仁者见仁智者见智，每个人的回答都不一样。好了，进入今天的正题数据泵，还是遇到一个业务需求，导出某一库下的用户到另一容器数据库下，而你不知道这个普通用户密码，则需要 DBA 用户来导入导出。

业务要求：将 19c 非容器数据库数据库（edw）下的用户 JIEKE_CSS 导入到另一个容器数据库(tsedw)的 PDB (EDW_T8)下。

那么，对于导出而言，没有业务账号密码则可以使用 DBA 账号轻而易举的导出来，但导入呢？直接使用 DBA 账号只能连接到 CDB，无法连接到 PDB 。下面我们来看看具体的过程。

1.查看导出目录

select * from dba_directories where directory_name ='DUMPDIR';
set linesize 9999
col OWNER for a10
col DIRECTORY_NAME for a30
col DIRECTORY_PATH for a60
select * from dba_directories;

--如果目录过小或者不存在,则类似如下新建一个
create directory expdp_dir as '/u01/app/backup/expdp_dir';
grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to public;

2、导出用户

本次使用 nfs 挂载远程文件系统，对于 NFS 导入导出以及 rman 备份时不可用的坑也有不少，前面有好几篇文章已经分享过了，感兴趣的可以翻翻看。

nohup expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=DUMPDIR LOGFILE=JIEKE_CSS.log dumpfile=JIEKE_CSS-2021-0722.dmp SCHEMAS=JIEKE_CSS COMPRESSION=ALL PARALLEL=4 &

因用户数据量及对象比较小，如下是导出日志。

Export: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jul 22 16:15:17 2021
Version 19.4.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DUMPDIR LOGFILE=JIEKE_CSS.log dumpfile=JIEKE_CSS-2021-0722.dmp SCHEMAS=JIEKE_CSS COMPRESSION=ALL
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CHATLOG" 1.008 MB 5183 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CALLLOG" 1.087 MB 14861 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CHANNELLOG" 456.6 KB 5557 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CCSERVER_SCORE" 199.4 KB 3184 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."DNDLOG" 116.3 KB 4282 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."EASYIVR_AGENTSCORE" 136.7 KB 2194 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."LEARNQUESTION" 53.91 KB 642 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."DC_AGENT_EXTEND" 16.54 KB 122 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."X_FP_SESSION_TAG" 9.476 KB 362 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_CALL_TAG" 9.015 KB 338 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."FPAGENT" 9.070 KB 123 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."DC_CHANNEL" 7.101 KB 9 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CCSERVER_ACCEPTNUMBER" 5.640 KB 7 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_AGENT_STATUS_HISTORY" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_LIST_POOL" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_LOGS" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."CRM_INFOS" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_BACKUPCACHE" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_CONNECTION" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_NOQUERYLOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_QUERYLOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_AGENT_MSGBOX" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_COMMON_TERM" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_WO_ORDER" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_CUSTOM_STATUS_TIME_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ONLINE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ONLINE_TIME_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ORDER_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_QS_DETAIL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_QS_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_SATISFY_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_SESSION_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_TRANSFER_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_VISITOR_MANUAL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_VISITOR_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_WORKGROUP_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_BLACKLIST_INTERCEPT_LOG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_AGENT_TRAFFIC_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_BILL_LOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_BILL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_FLOW_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_GROUP_TRAFFIC_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_TAG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_COMMON_TERM_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_FULL_TEXT_SEARCH" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_LMSG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_STATUS_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TIMEOUT_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TRANSFER_LOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TYPE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SEND_MESSAGE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SENSITIVE_WORD_INTERCEPT_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SESSION_TAG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_STORAGE_FILES" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."UPDATE_TIME_ES" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."UPDATE_TIME_MONGO" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "JIEKE_CSS"."WO_ORDERS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/oradata/dumpdir/JIEKE_CSS-2021-0722.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Jul 22 16:19:18 2021 elapsed 0 00:03:35

3、目标端容器数据库导入

容器数据库导入也就是要先连接到容器数据库，那么 Oracle 19c 连接到 PDB 也是有三四种方法的，这个在前年讲 19c 体验安装时就说过了《Oracle 19c 之多租户 PDB 连接与访问（三）》，无非也就是配置环境变量或者 tns 或者临时切换这样的，那么导入导出也是，下面先配置或者查看 tnsnames.ora ，以便可以使用 tns 直接登录到 pdb。

EDW_T8 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.217.126)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = edw_t8)
)
)

tsedw =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.217.126)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = tsedw)
)
)

EDW =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.217.126)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = edw)
)
)

注意：要求是将 非容器 EDW 下的用户导入到容器数据库 tsedw 下的 PDB(EDW_T8) 实例中，故需要配置 PDB 的 TNS 连接。那么则可以使用远程连接 @EDW_T8 来直接登录进 PDB，但是需要使用密码，例如：sqlplus sys/oracle@EDW_T8 as sysdba

这样也可以满足要求将数据导入进去，但有的时候你也不知道 SYS 密码，像我们以前的公司一样，都可以登录服务器但就是你不知道管理员密码，就属于比较变态了，密码掌握在其他人手里，这时候你也很被动了，没有密码还想导入数据，那么怎么办呢？不要着急这里有一种办法帮你实现。

4、临时生效环境变量 ORACLE_PDB_SID

当在 shell 中直接生效如下的环境变量时，则可以直接登录到 PDB，那么，直接导入也就是导入到 PDB 实例了。

export ORACLE_PDB_SID=edw_t8

5、导入前表空间查询与建立

查看原有表空间位置，发现 PDB 表空间属于自动管理，无需手动管理。

SQL> select file_id,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 mb from dba_data_files where TABLESPACE_NAME ='DWS_DATA';

FILE_ID FILE_NAME MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
14 /oradata/TSEDW/ABF6D9ABF9216F9BE0537ED9000CECF2/datafile/o1_mf_dws_data_hlhrwqm6_.dbf 24655.3125

--创建要导入用户的表空间（使用 OMF 特性）
SQL> create tablespace JIEKE_CSS datafile size 500m;

Tablespace created.
SQL> col FILE_NAME for a90
SQL> select file_id,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 mb from dba_data_files where TABLESPACE_NAME ='JIEKE_CSS';
FILE_ID FILE_NAME MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
23 /oradata/TSEDW/ABF6D9ABF9216F9BE0537ED9000CECF2/datafile/o1_mf_huaqi_cs_jhlch5mk_.dbf 500

6、目标端登入 PDB 查看数据导入存储目录DIRECTORY

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.4.0.0.0

SYS@tsedw> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         3 EDW_T8                         READ WRITE NO
         
SQL> set linesize 9999
col OWNER for a10
SQL> SQL> col DIRECTORY_NAME for a30
SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a60
SQL> select * from dba_directories;

OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH ORIGIN_CON_ID
---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ -------------
SYS DMP /home/oracle/dmp 3
SYS DUMP_DIR /home/oracle/dump_dir 3
SYS DUMPDIR /oradata/dumpdir 3
SYS SDO_DIR_WORK 1

7、导入用户到 PDB

export ORACLE_PDB_SID=edw_t8

impdp '/ as sysdba ' directory=DUMPDIR LOGFILE=imp_JIEKE_CSS.log dumpfile=JIEKE_CSS-2021-0722.dmp SCHEMAS=JIEKE_CSS PARALLEL=4

Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jul 22 16:57:42 2021
Version 19.4.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:

Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DUMPDIR LOGFILE=imp_JIEKE_CSS.log dumpfile=JIEKE_CSS-2021-0722.dmp SCHEMAS=JIEKE_CSS PARALLEL=4
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CHANNELLOG" 456.6 KB 5557 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CCSERVER_SCORE" 199.4 KB 3184 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."DNDLOG" 116.3 KB 4282 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CHATLOG" 1.008 MB 5183 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."EASYIVR_AGENTSCORE" 136.7 KB 2194 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."LEARNQUESTION" 53.91 KB 642 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."DC_AGENT_EXTEND" 16.54 KB 122 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."X_FP_SESSION_TAG" 9.476 KB 362 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_CALL_TAG" 9.015 KB 338 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CALLLOG" 1.087 MB 14861 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."FPAGENT" 9.070 KB 123 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."DC_CHANNEL" 7.101 KB 9 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CCSERVER_ACCEPTNUMBER" 5.640 KB 7 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_AGENT_STATUS_HISTORY" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_LIST_POOL" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CC_LOGS" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."CRM_INFOS" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_BACKUPCACHE" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_CONNECTION" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_NOQUERYLOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."HAKEYDB_QUERYLOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_AGENT_MSGBOX" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_COMMON_TERM" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."LOGIC_WO_ORDER" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_CUSTOM_STATUS_TIME_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ONLINE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ONLINE_TIME_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_ORDER_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_QS_DETAIL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_QS_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_SATISFY_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_SESSION_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_TRANSFER_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_VISITOR_MANUAL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_VISITOR_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_AGENT_WORKGROUP_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_BLACKLIST_INTERCEPT_LOG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_AGENT_TRAFFIC_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_BILL_LOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_BILL_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_FLOW_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_GROUP_TRAFFIC_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_CC_TAG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_COMMON_TERM_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_FULL_TEXT_SEARCH" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_LMSG_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_STATUS_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TIMEOUT_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TRANSFER_LOG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_ORDER_TYPE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SEND_MESSAGE_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SENSITIVE_WORD_INTERCEPT_SDR" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_SESSION_TAG" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_STORAGE_FILES" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."UPDATE_TIME_ES" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."UPDATE_TIME_MONGO" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "JIEKE_CSS"."WO_ORDERS" 0 KB 0 rows

ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'R_SELECT_JIEKE_CSS' does not exist

Failing sql is:
GRANT SELECT ON "JIEKE_CSS"."ST_FULL_TEXT_SEARCH" TO "R_SELECT_JIEKE_CSS"

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 44 error(s) at Thu Jul 22 16:58:31 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:38

ORA-39083 和 ORA-01917 报错由于角色不存在这个可忽略。

8、收集用户统计信息

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats('JIEKE_CSS')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

9、19c 连接及简单切换

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jul 22 17:16:12 2021
Version 19.4.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.4.0.0.0

SYS@tsedw> show pdbs
SYS@tsedw>
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 EDW_T8 READ WRITE NO
SYS@tsedw> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SYS@tsedw> alter session set container=EDW_T8;

Session altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
SYS@tsedw> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
3 EDW_T8 READ WRITE NO
SYS@tsedw> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
EDW_T8

全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果觉得还可以有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步~~~

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