技术分享 | MySQL 闪回工具 MyFlash
作者:陈怡
爱可生南分团队 DBA,负责公司自动化运维平台维护和处理客户问题。
本文来源:原创投稿
*爱可生开源社区出品,原创内容未经授权不得随意使用,转载请联系小编并注明来源。
MyFlash 是美团点评开源的一个 MySQL 闪回工具,可以用来回滚 MySQL 中的 DML 操作,恢复到某时刻的数据。本文将简单地介绍 MySQL 闪回工具 MyFlash 的使用。
限制
MyFlash 工具存在如下限制:
binlog 格式必须为 row,且 binlog_row_image = full
仅支持 5.6 与 5.7 版本的 MySQL
只能回滚 DML( 增、删、改 )操作
下载安装
下载 MyFlash 安装包,将安装包安装于 /data 目录下,编译之前,先安装依赖包。
[root@10-186-62-22 ~ ]# cd /data
[root@10-186-62-22 data]# wget https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/MyFlash/archive/master.zip
[root@10-186-62-22 data]# unzip master.zip
Archive: master.zip
b128c0faaf1a657d09238b7cda1c2a80ad599909
creating: MyFlash-master/
extracting: MyFlash-master/.gitignore
inflating: MyFlash-master/License.md
inflating: MyFlash-master/README.md
creating: MyFlash-master/binary/
inflating: MyFlash-master/binary/flashback
inflating: MyFlash-master/binary/mysqlbinlog20160408
inflating: MyFlash-master/binlog_output_base.flashback
inflating: MyFlash-master/build.sh
creating: MyFlash-master/doc/
extracting: MyFlash-master/doc/FAQ.md
extracting: MyFlash-master/doc/Function.md
inflating: MyFlash-master/doc/INSTALL.md
inflating: MyFlash-master/doc/TestCase.md
inflating: MyFlash-master/doc/how_to_use.md
creating: MyFlash-master/source/
inflating: MyFlash-master/source/binlogParseGlib.c
creating: MyFlash-master/source/mysqlHelper/
extracting: MyFlash-master/source/mysqlHelper/mysqlHelper.c
creating: MyFlash-master/source/network/
inflating: MyFlash-master/source/network/network.c
creating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/
inflating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/haha.000005
inflating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/haha.000007
inflating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/haha.000008
inflating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/haha.000009
inflating: MyFlash-master/testbinlog/haha.000041
[root@10-186-62-22 data]# mv MyFlash-master MyFlash
[root@10-186-62-22 data]# cd MyFlash/
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# yum install gcc glib2-devel -y
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# gcc -w `pkg-config --cflags --libs glib-2.0` source/binlogParseGlib.c -o binary/flashback
用法
flashback [OPTION...]
常用参数说明:
测试用例
模拟在一个实例中,对 d1.t1 进行了 update 操作和 delete 操作,需要回滚 update 和 delete 操作场景。
原 d1.t1 表中数据如下:
mysql> select * from d1.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> checksum table d1.t1;
+-------+------------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------+------------+
| d1.t1 | 1635096377 |
+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
进行了 update 和 delete 操作:
mysql> update d1.t1 set id=id+10 where id<6;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from d1.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 11 |
| 12 |
| 13 |
| 14 |
| 15 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> checksum table d1.t1;
+-------+------------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------+------------+
| d1.t1 | 1061066609 |
+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from d1.t1 where id<10;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from d1.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 11 |
| 12 |
| 13 |
| 14 |
| 15 |
| 10 |
+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> checksum table d1.t1;
+-------+------------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------+------------+
| d1.t1 | 1094682723 |
+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时,期望回滚 update 和 delete 操作。先 flush binlog,切换 binlog 文件:
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
解析 binlog,查看对应 update 和 delete 操作,在 17:22:30 时进行 update 操作,在 17:23:35 时已经完成了delete 操作。
[root@10-186-62-22 3308]# mysqlbinlog -vv mysql-bin.000001 |less
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450327 CRC32 0x23bf37dd Query thread_id=108971 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606670550/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 450327
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450387 CRC32 0xe368ad04 Rows_query
# update d1.t1 set id=id+10 where id<6
# at 450387
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450430 CRC32 0x3b1221e2 Table_map: `d1`.`t1` mapped to number 223
# at 450430
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450516 CRC32 0x484dc736 Update_rows: table id 223 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
1tjDXx0r3qsSPAAAAFPfBgCAACR1cGRhdGUgZDEudDEgc2V0IGlkPWlkKzEwIHdoZXJlIGlkPDYE
rWjj
1tjDXxMr3qsSKwAAAH7fBgAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAmQxAAJ0MQABAwAB4iESOw==
1tjDXx8r3qsSVgAAANTfBgAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAgAB///+AQAAAP4LAAAA/gIAAAD+DAAAAP4DAAAA
/g0AAAD+BAAAAP4OAAAA/gUAAAD+DwAAADbHTUg=
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=11 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=12 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=13 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=14 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=15 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 450516
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450547 CRC32 0x4905fbcf Xid = 33117376
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 450547
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450682 CRC32 0xb993ef68 Query thread_id=108971 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1606670589/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 450682
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450735 CRC32 0x767343ad Rows_query
# delete from d1.t1 where id<10
# at 450735
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450778 CRC32 0x6bd9dc7b Table_map: `d1`.`t1` mapped to number 223
# at 450778
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450833 CRC32 0x1ba9f05c Delete_rows: table id 223 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
/djDXx0r3qsSNQAAAK/gBgCAAB1kZWxldGUgZnJvbSBkMS50MSB3aGVyZSBpZDwxMK1Dc3Y=
/djDXxMr3qsSKwAAANrgBgAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAmQxAAJ0MQABAwABe9zZaw==
/djDXyAr3qsSNwAAABHhBgAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAgAB//4GAAAA/gcAAAD+CAAAAP4JAAAAXPCpGw==
'/*!*/;
### DELETE FROM `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### DELETE FROM `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=7 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### DELETE FROM `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### DELETE FROM `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=9 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 450833
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450864 CRC32 0x8c6244ec Xid = 33117815
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 450864
#201129 17:23:35 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 450929 CRC32 0x6191c83b GTID [commit=no]
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '36edb64b-17fa-11eb-a621-02000aba3e16:1028'/*!*/;
使用 MyFlash 工具进行回滚,进入到工具的安装目录,执行命令反向解析 binlog,指定要回滚的库、表、开始时间和结束时间,并指定反向解析的 SQL 语句类型:
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# ./binary/flashback --databaseNames="d1" --tableNames="t1" --start-datetime="2020-11-29 17:22:30" --stop-datetime="2020-11-29 17:24:30" --sqlTypes="UPDATE,DELETE" --binlogFileNames=/opt/mysql/log/binlog/3308/mysql-bin.000001 --outBinlogFileNameBase=test.sql
查看到反向解析后的 binlog 文件,执行顺序为先回滚 delete 操作,将被删除的数据添加,再逆向 update 语句。
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# mysqlbinlog -vv test.sql.flashback
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#201027 10:15:00 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x500482f7 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.25-log created 201027 10:15:00 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
pIKXXw8r3qsSdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI1LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACkgpdfEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
AfeCBFA=
'/*!*/;
# at 123
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 166 CRC32 0x6bd9dc7b Table_map: `d1`.`t1` mapped to number 223
# at 166
#201129 17:23:09 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 221 CRC32 0x1ba9f05c Write_rows: table id 223 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
/djDXxMr3qsSKwAAAKYAAAAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAmQxAAJ0MQABAwABe9zZaw==
/djDXx4r3qsSNwAAAN0AAAAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAgAB//4GAAAA/gcAAAD+CAAAAP4JAAAAXPCpGw==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `d1`.`t1`
### SET
### @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### INSERT INTO `d1`.`t1`
### SET
### @1=7 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### INSERT INTO `d1`.`t1`
### SET
### @1=8 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### INSERT INTO `d1`.`t1`
### SET
### @1=9 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 221
#201129 17:38:00 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 252 CRC32 0xf267b63c Xid = 33082944
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 252
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 295 CRC32 0x3b1221e2 Table_map: `d1`.`t1` mapped to number 223
# at 295
#201129 17:22:30 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 381 CRC32 0x484dc736 Update_rows: table id 223 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
1tjDXxMr3qsSKwAAACcBAAAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAmQxAAJ0MQABAwAB4iESOw==
1tjDXx8r3qsSVgAAAH0BAAAAAN8AAAAAAAEAAgAB///+CwAAAP4BAAAA/gwAAAD+AgAAAP4NAAAA
/gMAAAD+DgAAAP4EAAAA/g8AAAD+BQAAADbHTUg=
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=11 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=12 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=13 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=14 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### UPDATE `d1`.`t1`
### WHERE
### @1=15 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### SET
### @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 381
#201129 17:38:00 server id 313253419 end_log_pos 412 CRC32 0xf267b63c Xid = 33082944
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
将反向解析的 binlog 文件语句回放到数据库中。由于所测试的实例中已经开启 gtid 模式,而反向解析出来的 binlog 文件中没有定义 @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT,直接执行会出现报错 “ERROR 1782 (HY000) at line 19: @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT cannot be set to ANONYMOUS when @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = ON.” ,所以需要添加 --skip-gtids 选项来执行回滚语句,加上 --skip-gtids 选项后解析出来的文件,会指定 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT='AUTOMATIC' ,这样就可以回放成功了。
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# mysqlbinlog test.sql.flashback | mysql -S /tmp/mysqld.sock -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1782 (HY000) at line 19: @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT cannot be set to ANONYMOUS when @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = ON.
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]#
[root@10-186-62-22 MyFlash]# mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids test.sql.flashback | mysql -S /tmp/mysqld.sock -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
验证数据,数据已经恢复到 update 操作之前,完成回滚操作。
mysql> select * from d1.t1;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 10 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> checksum table d1.t1;
+-------+------------+
| Table | Checksum |
+-------+------------+
| d1.t1 | 1635096377 |
+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
参考链接:
https://github.com/Meituan-Dianping/MyFlash/blob/master/README.md
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