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为什么要申请GUI专利?

大岭IP 2019-04-29

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今天分享美国关于图形用户界面GUI外观设计专利的规定,并给出了申请GUI专利的好处。

中美的GUI专利有很大区别:

在我国,GUI外观设计专利保护的是在产品显示装置上以图形方式显示的与人机交互和实现产品功能有关的界面,首先,要求保护的必须是一个完整的产品上显示的图形;其次,界面必须具有人机交互或者实现产品功能。

在美国,外观设计专利必须和其适应的制品不可分离,而且不能作为一个平面装饰的设计而单独存在,因此,计算机生成图标(icon)必须体现在计算机屏幕、显示器、其他显示设备中或者这些设备的一部分中,但是,保护局部外观设计,所以,不一定要保护整个产品上显示的图形;其次,界面可以是网页上使用的图标、甚至所有的二维图像。此外,美国并不排除其可能的受到著作权、商标权、商业外观等知识产权重叠保护的可能。

根据本文的总结,在美国申请GUI专利有以下好处,其实在中国也基本成立:

1. 侵权判定方法不一样,不需要证明复制了GUI设计,即使是独立设计的,也会被认定为侵权。 

2. 与著作权不同,专利侵权没有合理使用的抗辩。

3. 赔偿额高,尤其在美国,是以侵权产品的所有利润作为赔偿额的。

4. 外观设计专利,相对于发明专利而言,费用低。

5. 外观设计专利是公司知识产权组合的重要组成部分,同样可能增加资产价值。特别是在苹果三星案后。

后附翻译,仅供参考。

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Design Patent for Graphical User Interface (GUI's)

November 2, 2017

David J. Hurley Knechtel, Demeur & Samlan


For any companies that sell goods and services through their website over the internet, or mobile applications for computers, phones, etc…, design patents for graphical user interfaces (GUI’s) may be of benefit. 

Although less often used, except by big companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, etc.., design patents of graphical user interfaces (GUI’s) are patentable in the U.S. and can be beneficial.

"The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office considers designs for computer-generated icons embodied in articles of manufacture to be statutory subject matter eligible for design patent protection under 35 U.S.C. 171. Thus, if an application claims a computer-generated icon shown on a computer screen, monitor, other display panel, or a portion thereof, the claim complies with the "article of manufacture" requirement of 35 U.S.C. 171. Since a patentable design is inseparable from the object to which it is applied and cannot exist alone merely as a scheme of surface ornamentation, a computer-generated icon must be embodied in a computer screen, monitor, other display panel, or portion thereof, to satisfy 35 U.S.C. 171. See MPEP § 1502."

For example, the company’s icon design (such as used in their website over the internet, or mobile applications (e.g., available on the iPhone from the AppStore), is a graphical user interface design that may be protectable under design patent.

It is also maybe within the realm of possibility that two-dimensional images used on the client’s website, or in the mobile application, can be similarly protected, if desired.

Although graphical user interfaces of computer software displays are typically thought of and protected by copyright, there is an overlap, and they can also be protected by design patents. This protection lasts for 15 years from the date the patent is granted (e.g., which is significantly less than copyright), but does provide additional advantages during this time:

First, unlike copyright, copying of the design is not required to infringe. Even if the design was independently developed, any use of the design can still result in liability. The standard for determining design patent infringement is the "ordinary observer" test which states "[I]f, in the eye of an ordinary observer, giving such attention as a purchaser usually gives, two designs are substantially the same, if the resemblance is such as to deceive such an observer, inducing him to purchase one supposing it to be the other, the first one patented is infringed by the other."  See, e.g., Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc, citing Gorham Co. v. White, 81 U.S. 511 (1871).

Second, unlike copyright where a fair use defense may exist; this is not available for design patent infringement.

Third, design patents allow for much greater damages: for example, all of the infringer’s profits attributed to the product. 35 U.S.C. §289.  Copyright damages, on the other hand, limit the damages to the defendant’s profits that are attributable to the infringing component.

Fourth, preparing and filing for design patents, including all government filing fees and patent draftsman fees, is typically much less expensive than utility non-provisional patent applications. 

Fifth, a design patent, depending  upon the goals of the company can likewise expand the intellectual property portfolio of the company and, thereby, likewise potentially increase the future asset value of the company.

Thus, design patents for graphical user interface (GUI's) may be desireble for companies seeking such patent protection and/or to possibly increase the intellectual property portfolio of the company as well.

In the meantime, if you have any questions regarding the above, please feel free to contact us. As always, we welcome the opportunity to be of service.


翻译:

图形用户界面设计专利(GUI)


对于通过互联网通过其网站销售商品和服务的任何公司,或者用于计算机,电话等的移动应用程序......,图形用户界面(GUI)的设计专利可能是有益的。

虽然不常使用,但除了苹果,微软,三星等大公司外,图形用户界面(GUI)的外观设计专利在美国具有可专利性,并且可能是有益的。

“美国专利商标局认为,根据35 U.S.C. 171,制品中包含的计算机生成的图标的设计是符合设计专利保护条件的法定主题。因此,如果申请请求在计算机屏幕,显示器,其他显示板或其一部分上显示计算机生成的图标,符合35 U.S.C. 171的“制品”要求。由于可专利设计与其应用的对象不可分割,并且不能仅仅作为一种表面装饰方案单独存在,计算机生成的图标必须包含在计算机屏幕,显示器,其他显示面板或其部分中,以满足35 U.S.C. 171。参见MPEP§1502。”

例如,公司的图标设计(例如在互联网上的网站中使用,或者移动应用程序(例如,可从AppStore在iPhone上获得))是图形用户界面设计,可以在设计专利中受到保护。

如果需要,在客户的网站或移动应用程序中使用的二维图像也可以被类似地保护的可能性范围内。

虽然计算机软件显示器的图形用户界面通常被版权所考虑和保护,但是存在重叠,它们也可以受到外观设计专利的保护。该保护期自授予专利之日起持续15年(例如,明显低于版权),但在此期间确实提供了额外的优势:

首先,与版权不同,侵权判定不需要复制设计。即使设计是独立开发的,任何设计的使用仍然会导致责任。确定外观设计专利侵权的标准是“普通观察者”测试,其中指出“在普通观察者的眼中,如果购买者通常给予这样的关注,两个设计基本相同,如果相似之处是欺骗这样一个观察者,诱使他购买一个,以为它是另一个,先获得专利的那个将另一个侵权。“参见例如Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc, citing Gorham Co. v. White, 81 U.S. 511 (1871)

第二,与版权可以使用合理使用的抗辩不同,这不适用于外观设计专利侵权。

第三,外观设计专利允许更大的损害赔偿:例如,侵权人的所有利润都归于产品。 35 U.S.C. §289。另一方面,版权损害赔偿限于被告利润中可归因于侵权组成部分的损害。

第四,准备和提交外观设计专利,包括所有官费和专利制图费,通常比实用的非临时专利申请便宜得多。

第五,取决于公司目标的外观设计专利同样可以扩展公司的知识产权组合,从而同样可能增加公司的未来资产价值。

因此,对于寻求这种专利保护和/或可能增加公司的知识产权组合的公司而言,图形用户界面(GUI)的设计专利可能是期望的。

Source:Demeur & Samlan

Each article is copyrighted to their original authors. The news is for informational purposes only and does not provide legal advice.


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