20 Most Expensive Cities to Live in the US 美国生活成本最高的20个城市

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The cost of living in the U.S varies significantly for a variety of reasons. Geography, climate, culture, and employment opportunities, etc. can be some of the reasons for the high cost of living. Knowing the details about the cost of living in the city is crucial if you want to relocate for business, a new job, or just planning a vacation. 

由于种种原因，美国的生活费差异很大。导致生活费偏高的原因有地理位置、气候、文化和就业机会等。如果你想出差、找份新工作或只是计划在美度假，了解地方生活成本的细节非常重要。

In this article, we will turn to the Council for Community and Economic Research which measures prices in 270 urban areas for housing, groceries, utilities, transportation, health care, and miscellaneous goods and services (such as getting your hair done or going to a movie). We will also take into consideration some data on household incomes, home values and unemployment rates to provide additional insights into the true cost of living for typical residents. Below are the 20 most expensive cities to live in the U.S.

在这篇文章中，我们将参考社区和经济研究委员会的数据，该委员会统计了270个城市地区的居住、日用品、公用事业、交通、医疗保健以及其他商品和服务（如理发或看电影）的数据。我们还考虑了一些有关家庭收入、房价和失业率的数据，以进一步了解美国普通居民的真实生活成本。以下是美国生活费最高的20个城市。

Fairbanks, Alaska 阿拉斯加费尔班克斯

COST OF LIVING: 28.3% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高28.3% 

CITY POPULATION: 31,644

城市人口：31644

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $60,658 (U.S.:$57,652)

家庭收入中值：60658美元（美国：57652美元）

AVERAGE HOME VALUE: $199,000 (U.S.:$193,500)

平均房屋价值：199000美元（美国：193500美元）

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 6.7% (U.S.: 4.0%)

失业率：6.7%（美国：4.0%）

Alaska's remote location is to blame for the high cost of living. But, Alaska ranks in the top 10 when it comes to the highest concentration of millionaire households in the U.S., thanks in no small part to its oil wealth.  Groceries are more than 25% above the U.S. national average, according to the Council for Community and Economic Research's Cost of Living Index. Health care is 50% pricier in the city on the Tanana River, while utilities run more than double the average price paid in some other states.

阿拉斯加偏远的地理位置是高生活成本的主要原因。但是，阿拉斯加在美国百万富翁家庭最多的州排在前十位，原因很大程度上归功于它的石油财富。根据社区和经济研究委员会的生活成本指数，食品杂货比美国全国平均水平高出25%以上。塔纳纳河沿岸城市的医疗保健价格要高出50%，而公用事业的价格高于一些其他州平均价格的两倍多。

Anchorage, Alaska 阿拉斯加州安克雷奇

COST OF LIVING: 28.9% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高28.9%

CITY POPULATION: 294,356

城市人口：294356

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $82,271

家庭收入中位数：82271美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $304,500

平均房屋价值：304500美元

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 6.3%

失业率：6.3%

Anchorage's remote location and limited local resources mean you'll pay a premium for most goods and services. Anchorage is one of the pricier U.S. cities to live, with living expenses running close to 30% higher than the national average, according to the Cost of Living Index. Groceries are 34% higher than the national average, and housing-related expenses including rents and mortgages are 43% higher than the U.S. average. Health care runs 44% above average and utility bills are almost a quarter more expensive than what the average American pays.

安克雷奇的地理位置偏僻，本地资源有限，所以在这里您须为大多数商品和服务支付更高的价格。根据生活成本指数，安克雷奇是美国最昂贵的城市之一，生活费用比全国平均水平高出近30％。日用百货比全国平均水平高34％；与住房相关的费用，包括租金和抵押贷款，比美国平均水平高43％；卫生保健的费用比平均水平高44％；水电费比美国的平均价高出近四分之一。

Portland, Oregon 俄勒冈州波特兰

COST OF LIVING: 31% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高31％

CITY POPULATION: 647,805

城市人口：647,805

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $61,532

家庭收入中位数：$ 61,532

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $352,700

房价中位数：$ 352,700

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.3%

失业率：4.3％

Portland is one of the nation's fastest-growing metro areas with a population of more than a million, and that's put upward pressure on prices. Although home-price inflation has moderated recently, it soared between 2012 and 2017, according to Zillow. As it stands now, housing-related costs in Portland are 82% above the national average, according to the Cost of Living Index. Transportation-related costs are 17% higher than the national average, while health care is 12% more expensive.

波特兰是美国人口增长最快的都会区之一，人口已超过一百万，这对房价构成了上行压力。根据齐洛房地产网的数据，尽管近期房价上涨有所放缓，但在2012年至2017年间曾大幅飙升。按照目前的情况，根据生活成本指数，波特兰的住房相关费用比全国平均水平高82％，与运输相关的费用比全国平均水平高17％，而医疗费用则高12％。

Juneau, Alaska 阿拉斯加朱诺

COST OF LIVING: 34% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高34％

CITY POPULATION: 32,094

城市人口：32094

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $90,749

家庭收入中位数：$ 90,749

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $343,100

房价中位数：$ 343,100

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 5.6%

失业率：5.6％

The third city from Alaska that is in this list. Here, housing costs 50% more than the national average, according to the Cost of Living Index. Groceries are almost 50% more pricey, utilities are more expensive by about a third and health care runs 53% above the national average. On the plus side for Juneau, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska is the most tax-friendly state in the union. Not only is there no state income tax, but the government actually pays residents an annual stipend ($1,600 in 2018).

朱诺是阿拉斯加的第三个位列全美生活成本最高的城市。根据生活成本指数，这里的住房价格比全国平均水平高出50％，食品杂货价格高出近50％，公用事业价格高出约三分之一，而医疗保健则比全国平均水平高53％。朱诺，安克雷奇和费尔班克斯的有利一面是，阿拉斯加是联邦中税收最优惠的州，不仅没有州所得税，而且实际上政府还每年向居民支付津贴（2018年为1600美元）。

Stamford, Connecticut 康涅狄格州斯坦福德

COST OF LIVING: 44.7% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高44.7％

CITY POPULATION: 130,824

城市人口：130,824

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $84,893

家庭收入中位数：$ 84,893

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $516,000

房价中位数：$ 516,000

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.7%

失业率：4.7％

With its close proximity to New York City , Stamford has long welcomed wealthy commuters who make their livings in the Big Apple. The metro area, which includes Norwalk and Bridgeport, is the base for many hedge funds as well as prominent public companies such as Priceline parent Booking Holdings and Xerox. Naturally, all those high-paying jobs make Stamford and its surrounding area exceedingly pricey. The median home value is 2.7 times the national average. More broadly, housing-related expenses including rents and mortgages are more than twice the national average. Health care and transportation is a fifth more than the national average.

斯坦福德靠近纽约市，长期以来一直欢迎在大苹果区谋生的富有通勤者。包括诺沃克和布里奇波特在内的都会区是许多对冲基金以及Priceline母公司Booking Holdings和Xerox等著名上市公司的基地。当然，所有这些高薪工作都会使斯坦福及其周边地区变得非常昂贵。中位数房屋价值是全国平均值的2.7倍。更广泛地说，与住房有关的支出，包括租金和抵押贷款，是全国平均水平的两倍以上。卫生保健和交通运输比全国平均水平高五分之一。

Alexandria, Virginia 弗吉尼亚亚历山大

COST OF LIVING: 45.0% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高45.0％

CITY POPULATION: 160,035

城市人口：160,035

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $93,370

家庭收入中位数：$ 93,370

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $537,900

房价中位数：$ 537,900

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.7%

失业率：3.7％

Homeowners and renters in Alexandria pay a whopping 138% more than the average American. They do, however, get a break on their utility bills, which run about 7% below the average U.S. price.

亚历山大的房主和房客要比美国人平均多付138％。但是，他们的水电费确实有所下降，比美国平均价格低约7％。

Bethesda, Maryland 马里兰贝塞斯达

COST OF LIVING: 45.2% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高45.2％

CITY POPULATION: 63,168

城市人口：63,168

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $154,559

家庭收入中位数：154,559美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $877,300

房屋价值中位数：$ 877,300

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.6%

失业率：3.6％

Costs for groceries and utilities are in line with national averages, and health care is actually cheaper in Bethesda by almost 8%. The biggest line item contributing to Bethesda's high cost of living? It's housing. Renters and homeowners shell out 131% more for their dwellings than the average American. Indeed, median home values in Bethesda are among the highest in the country.

杂货和公用事业的费用与全国平均水平一致，而贝塞斯达的医疗保健实际上便宜了近8％。贝塞斯达高生活成本的最大原因是住房消费。房客和房主的支出要比普通美国人高出131％。实际上，贝塞斯达的房屋中位价是美国最高之一。

San Diego 圣地亚哥

COST OF LIVING: 47.0% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高47.0％

CITY POPULATION: 1.4 million

城市人口：140万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $71,535

家庭收入中位数：71,535美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $523,600

房价中位数：$ 523,600

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.8%

失业率：3.8％

Top employers in this city include the U.S. Navy, Qualcomm and the University of California, San Diego. So, what's not to like? But living in San Diego can really stretch a budget. Housing costs are 130% above the national average, while transportation costs are higher by more than a fifth.

这个城市的顶级雇主包括美国海军，高通和加州大学圣地亚哥分校。那还有什么让你不喜欢的呢？但是圣地亚哥的生活成本确实高。住房成本比全国平均水平高130％，交通成本也高出五分之一以上。

Los Angeles 洛杉矶

COST OF LIVING: 48.2% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高48.2％

CITY POPULATION: 4.0 million

城市人口：400万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $54,501

家庭收入中位数：$ 54501

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $549,800

房价中位数：$ 549,800

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.5%

失业率：4.5％

Despite high living expenses, median incomes are roughly $3,000 below the national average. And yet the allure of the nation's second-largest city remains strong. From Hollywood to Beverly Hills to Venice Beach, few cities can claim as many famous locales. Just before warned that L.A.'s notorious traffic helps push transportation costs 19% above the national average.

尽管生活费用高昂，中位数收入仍比全国平均水平低约3,000美元。然而，美国第二大城市的吸引力仍然很强。从好莱坞到比佛利山庄再到威尼斯海滩，几乎没有哪个城市可以为拥有那么多著名区域而自豪。请注意，洛杉矶交通状况使交通成本比全国平均水平高出19％。

Orange Country, California 加利福尼亚州奥兰治县

COST OF LIVING: 49.8% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高49.8％

CITY POPULATION: 3.2 million

城市人口：320万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $81,851

家庭收入中位数：$ 81,851

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $620,500

房价中位数：$ 620,500

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.3%

失业率：3.3％

The average home price for all of Orange County sits at $938,441, according to the Cost of Living Index. Only San Francisco, New York City and Honolulu boast higher average home prices. Somewhat surprisingly, Orange County's living expenses excluding housing aren't too much above what average Americans pay.

根据生活成本指数，整个奥兰治县的平均房价为938,441美元。只有旧金山，纽约市和檀香山的平均房价比其高。但是除了住房，奥兰治的其他的生活费并不比美国平均水平高太多。

Boston 波斯顿

COST OF LIVING: 50.0% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高50.0％

CITY POPULATION: 685,094

城市人口：685,094

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $62,021

家庭收入中位数：$ 62,021

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $455,100

房屋价值中位数：$ 455,100

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.2%

失业率：3.2％

With its collection of universities, hospitals, historical sites, and tech and biotech employers, it's easy to see why Boston is such an attractive place to live. Groceries are just 9% above the national average in Boston. The median home value, while high relative to the U.S. median, is low relative to comparable major cities.

拥有众多大学，医院，历史古迹以及科技和生物技术企业，这很容易看出为什么波士顿是一个如此吸引人的地方。在波士顿日杂价格比全国平均水平高9％。房屋价值中位数虽然相对于美国中位数较高，但对于其他主要城市而言却较低。

Queens, New York 纽约皇后区

COST OF LIVING: 52.6% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高52.6％

CITY POPULATION: 2.4 million

城市人口：240万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $62,008

家庭收入中位数：$ 62,008

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $481,300

房屋价值中位数：$ 481,300

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.3%

失业率：4.3％

Housing-related costs are more than double the national average and groceries are more than a fifth more expensive. Median household income is only about $4,400 above the national average, but the median home value is almost $288,000 higher than the national average. As for renters, people in Queens pay an average monthly rent of $3,050, or three times as much as the average American.

这里与住房有关的费用是全国平均水平的两倍以上，而日杂则要贵五分之一以上。家庭收入中位数仅比全国平均水平高出约4,400美元，但房屋中位价却比全国平均水平高出近288,000美元。至于房客，皇后区的人平均每月租金为3,050美元，是美国平均水平的三倍。

Arlington, Virginia 弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿

COST OF LIVING: 53.1% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高53.1％

CITY POPULATION: 234,965

城市人口：234,965

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $112,138

家庭收入中位数：112,138美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $643,300

房价中位数：$ 643,300

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 2.3%

失业率：2.3％

Arlington, home to the Pentagon and Arlington National Cemetery. Housing-related expenses including rents and mortgages are 2.5 times higher than the national average. Groceries are about 25% more expensive. On the plus side, transportation and health-care costs are pretty much in line with what the average American pays, and utilities are about 8% cheaper in Arlington.

五角大楼和阿灵顿国家公墓都在阿灵顿。与房屋有关的支出，包括房租和抵押，比全国平均水平高2.5倍。日杂要贵25％。有利的一面是，交通和医疗保健费用与美国人的平均水平相当，而阿灵顿的公用事业价格便宜约8％。

Oakland, California

COST OF LIVING: 54.5% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高54.5％

CITY POPULATION: 425,195

城市人口：425,195

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $63,251

家庭收入中位数：63,251美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $564,500

房价中位数：$ 564,500

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.1%

失业率：3.1％

The median household income in Oakland is only about $5,600 higher than the U.S. median, yet median home values are nearly three times the U.S median.

奥克兰的家庭收入中位数仅比美国中位数高出约5,600美元，但房价中位数却是美国中位数的近三倍。

Seattle 西雅图

COST OF LIVING: 54.8% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高54.8％

CITY POPULATION: 724,745

城市人口：724,745

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $79,565

家庭收入中位数：$ 79,565

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $537,800

房价中位数：$ 537,800

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3.8%

失业率：3.8％

As one of the nation's fastest-growing cities, Seattle's housing market is hot, driven in part by a booming tech scene. Microsoft and Amazon are both based in the area, as are many smaller high-tech companies. Housing-related costs for renters and homeowners are more than double the U.S. average, according to the Cost of Living Index.

作为全美发展最快的城市之一，西雅图的房产市场非常火爆，部分原因是蓬勃发展的科技领域。微软和亚马逊，以及许多较小的高科技公司都在该地区。根据生活成本指数，与住房相关费用是美国平均水平的两倍以上。

Washington, D.C. 华盛顿特区

COST OF LIVING: 62.6% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高62.6％

CITY POPULATION: 693,972

城市人口：693,972

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $77,649

家庭收入中位数：77,649美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $537,400

房价中位数：$ 537,400

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 5.4%

失业率：5.4％

Housing-related expenses including rents and mortgages are by far the most burdensome at 2.7 times the national average, according to the Cost of Living Index, but other expenses aren't too bad. In fact, D.C. health-care costs are slightly below the national average. A wide-ranging bus and metro system make getting to and around the District of Columbia affordable. The Circulator bus, for example, is free and its routes reach popular spots including Georgetown, Union Station and the National Mall. Numerous museums and historical sites are free to visit.

根据生活成本指数，与住房相关的费用，包括租金和抵押贷款，是目前最大的负担，是全国平均水平的2.7倍。但其方面还不错。实际上，哥伦比亚特区的医疗保健费用略低于全国平均水平。各种各样的公交车和地铁系统使往返哥伦比亚特区的交通变得很便宜。例如，循环公交车是免费的，其路线可到达乔治敦，联合车站和国家广场等热门景点；许多博物馆和历史遗迹也可免费参观。

Brooklyn, New York 纽约布鲁克林

COST OF LIVING: 81.7% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高81.7％

CITY POPULATION: 2.6 million

城市人口：260万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $52,782

家庭收入中位数：52,782美元

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $623,900

房价中位数：$ 623,900

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 5.0%

失业率：5.0％

Housing-related expenses including rents and mortgages are more than four times the national average. And yet, the median household income in Brooklyn is almost $5,000 below the U.S. median and $27,000 below the median household income in Manhattan.

与住房有关的费用，包括租金和抵押贷款，是全国平均水平的四倍以上。然而，布鲁克林的家庭收入中位数比美国的中位数低了近5,000美元，比曼哈顿的中位数低了27,000美元。

Honolulu 火奴鲁鲁（檀香山）

COST OF LIVING: 89.7% above U.S. average

生活成本：比美国平均水平高89.7％

CITY POPULATION: 988,650

城市人口：988,650

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $80,078

家庭收入中位数：$ 80,078

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $626,400

房屋价值中位数：$ 626,400

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 2.7%

失业率：2.7％

Most goods sold in Hawaii must arrive either by boat or by plane, which jacks up the price considerably. Honolulu has the most expensive groceries of all 270 urban areas surveyed by the Cost of Living Index. A can of tuna, for example, is 40% more expensive than the U.S. national average, while eggs are more than twice the price. Even bananas go for over two times the national average. As for energy prices, gasoline is about 36% pricier in Honolulu than it is in the continental U.S.

夏威夷出售的大多数商品必须经船或飞机运到该地，这大大抬高了成本。在生活成本指数中，檀香山拥有270个城市地区中最昂贵的食品杂货。例如，一罐金枪鱼比美国全国平均价格贵40％，而鸡蛋的价格高出一倍以上，甚至香蕉也超过了全国平均水平的两倍。就能源价格而言，檀香山的汽油价格比美国大陆高约36％。

San Francisco 旧金山

COST OF LIVING: 96.3% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高96.3％

CITY POPULATION: 884,363

城市人口：884,363

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $96,265

家庭收入中位数：$ 96265

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $927,400

房屋价值中位数：$ 927,400

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 2.6%

失业率：2.6％

The average home price is a staggering $ 1.2 million in San Francisco, according to the Cost of Living Index, and the median home value is the highest among the 20 most expensive U.S. cities ranked here. Renters fare little better. The average rent for an apartment in San Francisco is $3,821 a month. That's about 3.5 times the national average.

根据生活成本指数，旧金山的平均房价达到了惊人的120万美元，而房屋中位价在美国20个生活成本最高的城市中是最高的。房客的日子也不好过，旧金山一间公寓的平均租金为每月3,821美元，大约是全国平均水平的3.5倍。

Manhattan, New York 纽约曼哈顿

COST OF LIVING: 148.5% above U.S. average

生活费用：比美国平均水平高148.5％

CITY POPULATION: 1.7 million

城市人口：170万

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $79,781

家庭收入中位数：$ 79,781

MEDIAN HOME VALUE: $915,300

房屋价值中位数：$ 915,300

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.4%

失业率：4.4％

The median home value in Manhattan is second only to San Francisco on our list of expensive cities. Typical rent for an apartment averages a stunning $4,888 a month. Residents pay a premium of almost 40% at the grocery store, while transportation is 27% above average. Want to see a movie? Ticket prices are nearly 60% higher on average than in the rest of the country. Oh, and you'll need to like crowds if you hope to make it in the Big Apple: Manhattan packs in more than 69,000 residents per square mile, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

在这个的最昂贵城市列表中，曼哈顿的房屋中位价仅次于旧金山。公寓的月租平均为 4,888美元，居民在日杂店支付比全国平均高出近40％，而交通费用比平均水平高27％。想看电影吗？ 票价平均比全国其他地区高出近60％。哦，如果您希望在纽约成功，您还须喜欢人山人海：根据美国人口普查局的数据，曼哈顿每平方英里人口超过69,000。

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