Madagascar's herbal remedy for Covid-19 《双语》

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Madagascar's herbal remedy for Covid-19

马达加斯加的Covid-19草药

Madagascar is a country with a population of 27,554,881 based on projections of the latest United Nations data. On March 23rd, Madagascar had 9 confirmed coronavirus cases, in a little more than a month later, precisely on May 1st, they now have 128 cases. But, there is something intriguing about the rate of recovery in Madagascar. As of May, 1, the total number of confirmed cases is 128, among them 92 have recovered, and there are zero deaths.

根据联合国最新统计，马达加斯加人口估计为两千七百五十五万四千八百八十一人。今年3月23日，马达加斯加新冠状病毒确诊病例有9例，一个多月后，也就是5月1日，增加到128例。马达加斯加病例的治愈率令人难以想象。截至5月1日，确诊病例总数为128例，其中92例已痊愈，死亡人数为零。

Data Source: Baidu (For reference only, data may be different depending on the time, and source)

数据来源：百度（仅供参考，数据可能因时间、来源不同而有所不同）

This result is completely different from what the WHO predicted when the first cases were detected in Madagascar, the organization said the country "...were at the verge of unmitigated disaster."

这一结果与世卫组织在马达加斯加发现第一例病例时的预测完全不同，当时世卫组织表示，马达加斯加“正处于完全的灾难边缘”

Many countries around the world have come up with their solutions to fight and prevent against the spread of the virus. From lockdown to herd immunity, from Chloroquine to TCM, the list is long. So, today I will talk about a herbal solution developed in Madagascar. Covid Organics (CVO) was announced as a herbal remedy that will "change the course of history" by Madagascar's president Andry Rajoelina. The president drank the organic beverage during his national broadcast to show his support for the solution. He added that he hoped to protect his population by promoting CVO.

许多国家都提出了各种抗击与防止病毒传播的解决办法。从禁闭到群体免疫，从氯喹到中药，各种各样的办法。但是今天我们要讨论的是马达加斯加研发的草药。Covid有机物（CVO）是一种草药，马达加斯加总统安德里·拉乔利纳称该药将“改变历史的走向”。总统在全国广播中喝了这种有机饮料以表示他对这个草药的支持。他补充说，他希望通过推广CVO能够保护他的人民。

Despite the support from the president, medical profesionals including the head of Madagascar's Academy of Medicine worry that the solution has not been scientifically tested and could give citizens a false sense of security. So, let's see exactly what is CVO.

尽管得到总统的支持，但包括马达加斯加医学院院长在内的医学专业人士还是在担心，因为这个草药尚未经过科学检验，可能会给公民带来虚假的安全感。那么，让我们先了解一下什么是CVO。

What is CVO?

什么是CVO？

Developed by the Malagasy Institute for Applied Research, CVO (Covid-Organics) is a dark amber liquid that is made up of herbal teas. The main ingredient in the solution is derived from Artemisia annua (Sweet wormwood), the plant of Chinese origin that was first imported to Madagascar in the 1970s to treat malaria.

由《马达加斯加应用研究所》研发的CVO《Covid有机物》是一种暗琥珀色用草药茶做的液体。这种草药的主要成分来自于青蒿树，这是一种原产于中国的植物，20世纪70年代首次发往马达加斯加用于治疗疟疾。

Artemisia annua is a medicinal plant that was used for the treatment of fevers in Chinese medicine as long ago as 340 CE, in China it is locally known as qinghao. 

Artemisia annua是一种药用植物，早在340年就被用于中医治疗发烧，在中国当地被称为青蒿。

Tu Youyou, (born December 30, 1930, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China), Chinese scientist and phytochemist known for her isolation and study of the antimalarial substance qinghaosu, later known as artemisinin, one of the world’s most-effective malaria-fighting drugs. For her discoveries, Tu received the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

屠呦呦（1930年12月30日生于中国浙江省宁波市），中国科学家、植物化学家，因研究和分离抗疟药物青蒿素而闻名，青蒿素是世界上最有效的抗疟药物之一。由于她的发现，屠呦呦获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

The plant is now grown in many African countries. A. annua yields artemisinin and the derivatives of this compound are potent antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone that is effective against multidrug-resistant malaria and is also known to act on P. falciparum, the Plasmodium species that causes cerebral malaria.

青蒿现在在许多非洲国家都有种植。它产生青蒿素，这种化合物的衍生物是有效的抗疟药物。青蒿素是一种内过氧化物倍半萜内酯，对多种抗药性疟疾有效，也被认为对恶性疟原虫有作用，恶性疟原虫是引起脑疟疾的疟原虫。

Dried leaves from the plant are considered to have medicinal properties in Madagascar. In 2012, the WHO published a "WHO Position Statement" stating that: 

这种植物的干叶在马达加斯加被认为具有药用价值。2012年，世卫组织发表了一份“世卫组织立场声明”，声明：

"The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). ACTs recommended by WHO combine an artemisinin derivative such as artemether, artesunate or dihydroartemisinin with an effective antimalarial medicine. The five currently recommended ACTs are listed in the WHO guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 2010 (1). A number of herbal remedies made of Artemisia annua L. (A. annua) dry leaves are suggested for the treatment and prevention of malaria. However, WHO does not recommend the use A. annua plant material ,in any form, including tea, for the treatment or the prevention of malaria." 

“世界卫生组织（世卫组织）建议以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法（ACT）治疗恶性疟原虫（P.falciparum）引起的非严重疟疾。世卫组织推荐的将蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯或双氢青蒿素等青蒿素衍生物与有效的抗疟药物相结合的药物。世卫组织《2010年疟疾治疗指南》（1）列出了目前建议的五项青蒿素为基础的联合疗法。为治疗和预防疟疾，有的推荐使用青蒿干叶制成多种草药。但是，世卫组织不建议使用包括茶叶在内的任何形式的一年生植物材料来治疗或预防疟疾。”

Impacts 影响

Despite all the doubts, still many people and countries are interested on the solution. 

尽管存在种种疑虑，但仍有许多人和国家对这个草药感兴趣。

“I prefer to consume this herbal tea to stay healthy. Also, I have been in the habit of drinking traditional infusions since my childhood," Josette, a 60-year-old woman who lives in Tsimbazaza neighborhood in the Antananarivo told a news Agency.

“为了保持健康，我更喜欢喝这种花草茶。另外，我从小就有喝传统输液的习惯，”住在塔那那利佛Tsimbazaza社区的60岁Josette告诉一家通讯社。

Supermarkets and pharmacies in the Madagascar capital, Antananarivo are stashing their shelves with the CVO. But it vanishes from shelves as soon as it arrives.

马达加斯加首都安塔那利佛的超市和药店正在大量在货架上CVO。但它一到就从架子上消失了。

"ve," says Judith, even though she is not sick or infected, she wants to keep the bottle.

“我们想买这个产品。当我们去超市购物时，瓶子已经卖完了“。朱迪思说，即使她没有生病或感染，她还是想买一个瓶子。

According to information from the Presidency of the Republic of Madagascar, countries such Senegal, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Guinea Bissau, have enquired details about the CVO. While president of Senegal denied ordering the remedy, he tweeted saying that:

根据马达加斯加共和国总统提供的资料，塞内加尔、刚果民主共和国和几内亚比绍等国都咨询了关于这个草药的详细情况。虽然塞内加尔总统否认下令从马达加斯加购买这个草药，但他在推特上写了：

"... I salute Madagascar's efforts in the search for therapeutic solutions which Senegal is following with interest."

“...我赞扬马达加斯加努力寻求治疗办法，塞内加尔在关注。”

On Wednesday, the Equatorial Guinean government received 11,500 bottles of the remedy donated by the Malagasy government.

在周三，赤道几内亚政府收到了马达加斯加政府捐赠的11500瓶药品。

“It is a gift, a gift from the President, from the Malagasy people for the Equatorial Guineans. We must not forget that it is important to help other countries, especially African countries, and that there is an urgent need to save human lives, “said Tianarivelo Razafimahefa, Madagascan Minister of the Interior.

“这是总统给赤道几内亚人民的礼物，是马达加斯加人民给赤道几内亚人民的礼物。我们决不能忘记帮助其他国家是非常重要，特别是非洲国家，而且迫切需要拯救人类生命，”马达加斯加内政部长蒂亚里韦洛拉扎菲马赫法（Tianarivelo Razafimahefa）报道。

Whether or not the remedy works against Covid-19 is still debatable. Only time will tell, and if this solution is truly effective in treating Covid-19, as the country's president has said, it will truly change the course of history. What are your thoughts on this? Let us know in the comment section.

关于这个草药是否对Covid-19有效仍有待商榷。只有时间会证明，如果它对治疗Covid-19有效，真的像该国总统所说的那样，它将真正改变历史进程。你对此有什么看法？请在评论区告诉大家。

References 文献引用:

M. Fawzi Mahomoodally, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, in Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and Their Components, 2013

Gerard Bodeker, Bertrand Graz, in Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tenth Edition), 2020

David J. Newman, David G.I. Kingston, in The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (Fourth Edition), 2015

Denis Zofou, Vincent P.K. Titanji, in Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2013

WHO Position Statement(June 2012), Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Forms of Artemisia annua L. against malaria.

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