Japan Series 日本系列 3 | Japan's Automobile Industry 日本汽车工业
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Japan's automobile industry is one of the world's famous and largest industries. Japanese automakers have been focusing on product improvement, technological innovation and safety improvement. By making reliable, safe and robust cars, Japanese manufacturers have won the hearts of millions of people. To better understand the success story of the Japanese automobile industry, let's see how they started.
日本汽车工业是世界著名和最大的工业之一。日本汽车制造商一直专注于产品改进、技术创新和安全改进。该国的汽车制造商通过制造可靠、安全和坚固的汽车，日本制造汽车赢得了数百万人的喜爱。为了更好了解日本汽车工业的成功，让我们看一下他们的故事是如何开始的。
The first car made entirely in Japan was by Uchiyama in 1907, but in 1904, Yamaguchi built the first bus made in Japan which can hold 10 people. After the first World War, a large number of companies began to produce military trucks with the support of the government and the imperial army. This eventually led to the establishment of Toyota, Nissan and other auto companies, marking the beginning of the Japanese auto industry. Jido shokki, a textile company of Toyota, established the automobile department in1933 and named it Toyota. In the same year, Nissan was founded by Nihon Sangyo.
第一辆完全在日本制造的汽车是1907年由Uchiyama制造的，但是早在1904年，Yamaguchi实现了日本制造的第一辆可容纳10人的公共汽车。第一次世界大战结束后，大批公司在政府和帝国军队的支持下开始生产军用卡车。这最终导致了丰田、日产等汽车公司的成立，标志着日本汽车工业的开始。Jido Shokki一家丰田的纺织公司，于1933年成立了汽车部，并命名为丰田。同年，日产由Nihon Sangyo创立。
During World War II, Japan's automobile department mainly produced military and industrial trucks and buses. After World War II, Japanese auto companies were allowed to produce only a limited number of trucks. During this period, Toyota lost almost all its assets and went bankrupt. During the Korean War, the company won contracts for the production and repair of military vehicles. This helped Toyota survive the crisis.
二战期间，日本汽车制造商主要生产军用与工业卡车和大巴车。二战后，日本公司只被允许生产有限数量的车。在此期间，丰田几乎失去了所有资产而破产了。在朝鲜战争期间，该公司以生产和修理军用车辆签约的合同度过了危机。
In 1955, Japanese manufacturers increased their car production. At the same time, the government imposed restrictions on imported vehicles. At that time, Japan's automobile market was not very broad, so many countries did not oppose this restriction. Under the guidance of the Ministry of international trade and industry, Japan's automobile industry began to flourish. In 1953, the number of cars manufactured was 10000, but in 1955 it reached 20000.
1955年，日本制造商的汽车产量增加了。同时，政府对进口车辆实行限制。由于当时日本的汽车市场并不强大，因此许多国家并没有反对这一限制。在国际贸易和工业部的指导下，日本汽车工业开始蓬勃发展。1953年，汽车制造量为10000辆，但到1955年达到了20000辆。
By the end of 1950s, Japan began to export cars to different countries every year, but the number was only a few hundred. In 1961, the export of used cars reached 10000 for the first time. In 70s, Japan began to export about one million cars to many countries in the world. In the early days of Japanese car exports, Japanese cars were less popular, but in the end, because of their superior quality and low price, they began to be popular. The 1973 oil crisis increased the attention of Japanese cars in the global market, because Japanese cars have smaller engines and higher fuel efficiency.
到20世纪50年代末，日本开始每年向不同国家出口汽车，但数量只有几百辆。1961年，二手车出口首次达到1万辆。到了70年代，日本开始向世界许多国家出口约100万辆汽车。在日本汽车出口的初期，日本车不怎么受欢迎，但最终，由于其卓越的质量和低廉的价格，这些汽车开始受欢迎。1973年的石油危机增加了日本汽车在全球市场的注目，这是由于日本汽车的发动机比较小，而且燃油效率超高。
In the 1970s, Japanese cars became more popular in Britain and the United States. Mitsubishi and Honda were popular Japanese brands in the United States, while Nissan was a popular manufacturer in the United Kingdom. By 2000, Japan had made affordable cars and became one of the world's largest car manufacturers in the world.
在20世纪70年代，日本汽车在英国和美国的开始有口碑了。三菱和本田是在美国最受欢迎的日本品牌，而在英国，日产是最受欢迎的。到了2000年时，日本制造出经济实惠的汽车，成为世界上最大的汽车制造国之一。
Despite strong competition from South Korea, China, India and many other countries, Japan's auto industry is still booming. Even after the 1990s Japan's long-term economic recession, the automobile industry still maintained its international competitiveness.
尽管有来自韩国、中国、印度和许多其他国家的强大竞争，日本汽车工业仍然蓬勃发展。连20世纪90年代以后在日本经济长期衰退期间，汽车工业仍然保持其国际竞争力。
Japanese auto manufacturers are leading in every sector, whether it's technology, sales or production. About six of the world's top ten automakers are Japanese. Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Suzuki and Mitsubishi are all popular Japanese automakers. For the past three decades, Toyota has produced three million vehicles a year just for Japanese market. However, overseas auto production has increased from 200,000 in the 1980s to 5 million a year.
日本制造商在汽车的各个方面都处于领先地位，无论是技术、销售还是生产。全球十大汽车制造商中，约有六家是日本制造商。丰田、日产、本田、铃木、三菱都是著名日本汽车制造商。在过去的三十年里，丰田每年仅为日本市场生产300万辆。不过，海外汽车产量已从上世纪80年代的每年20万辆到每年500万辆。
Japanese Car Brands 日本汽车品牌
Acura: Introduced as the first Japanese luxury car brand in 1986, as a part of Honda. Its success inspired Nissan and Toyota to launch luxury brands as well.
讴歌：作为本田的一部分，于1986年作为第一个日本豪华车品牌推出。其成功也激励着日产和丰田推出豪华版品牌。
Daihatsu: Claimed to be the oldest, still existing Japanese carmaker. It produces mainly small cars.
大发：声称是最古老的，仍然还在运行的日本汽车制造商。主要生产小型车。
Honda: It started in 1937 as a supplier of engine parts. Honda became after WWII manufacturer of motorcycles. The Honda Dream D was their first motorcycle in 1947. Honda started to produce cars in 1963. It is one of the largest producers of combustion engines in the world.
本田：成立于1937年时是一家发动机零部件供应商。二战后，本田成为摩托车制造商。本田梦想D是他们1947年的第一辆摩托车。本田于1963年开始生产汽车。它是世界上最大的内燃机生产商之一。
Isuzu: Founded in 1916. Isuzu started to produce their first car in 1922, the Wolseley A9. Isuzu is one of the largest producers of small Diesel engines.
五十铃：成立于1916年，五十铃汽车于1922年生产了第一辆汽车，沃尔斯利A9。五十铃是小型柴油发动机的最大生产商之一。
Lexus: Introduced in 1989 as the luxury brand of Toyota. The first models were sold in the US, and later globally. It was Toyota's goal to build the best car in the world. Their first flagship the LS 400, had to compete with Audi, BMW and Mercedes.
雷克萨斯：是1989年丰田推出的豪华版品牌。最初是仅在美国销售，后来扩展对全球销售。丰田的目标是制造世界上最好的汽车。他们的第一个旗舰LS 400配置为它能够与奥迪、宝马和梅赛德斯配。
Mitsubishi: Founded in 1870, and started to produce its first cars in 1917. Their first successful car was the PX33 for the Japanese army. The Mitsubishi Colt was and is still their best-selling car.
三菱：成立于1870年，1917年开始生产第一批汽车。他们的第一辆最有成就的汽车是日本军队用的PX33。三菱柯尔特是该公司最畅销的汽车。
Nissan: Founded in 1911 as Kwaishinsha Co. Their first car was produced in 1914 under the name DAT car.
日产：1911年成立，名为Kwaishinsha公司。他们的第一辆车是名为DAT汽车在1914年生产的。
Prince: Founded in 1952 as an aircraft builder and merged with Nissan in 1966. After the fusion, they produced their first mass product, the Nissan Prince Skyline.
普林斯：这个公司在1952年成立为飞机制造商，1966年与日产合并。合并后，他们生产了第一款量产产品，日产天际线。
Subaru: Founded in 1953. Subaru became famous for its technical superior quality, with permanent 4WD and boxer engines. Subaru was with the Impreza model multiple times winner of the World Rally Championship.
斯巴鲁：成立于1953年。斯巴鲁以其卓越的技术质量而闻名，拥有永久的4WD和boxer发动机。斯巴鲁曾以其英迈萨车型多次获得世界拉力锦标赛冠军。
Suzuki: Founded in 1907. Suzuki built its first cars in 1937. It became the manufacturer of mainly small city cars and small terrain vehicles.
铃木：成立于1907年。铃木在1937年制造了第一辆汽车。它成为主要生产城市小型汽车和小型越野车的制造商。
Toyota: Founded in 1933. Toyota started to produce its first car in 1936, the Model AA. Toyota started its first exports in the 60s and is the largest car producer in the world.
丰田：成立于1933年。丰田于1936年开始生产其首款汽车，AA型。丰田在60年代开始了它的第一次出口，并是世界上最大的汽车生产商。
Yamaha: Founded in 1887 as a producer of musical instruments. Because of Yamaha's expertise in metallurgy and production techniques, they decided to copy American and German motorcycles, and make them even better.
雅马哈：成立于1887年，是一家乐器生产商。由于雅马哈在冶金和生产技术方面的专业知识，他们决定仿效美国和德国的摩托车，使之更加出色。
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