UK series 英国系列 2 | The UK 英国
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The United Kingdom is an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean on the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. You may ask yourself, what is the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England, well below is an explanation:
The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is the name of the island that is in northwestern France and east of Ireland. The Great Britain island has three autonomous regions namely: England, Wales, and Scotland. So, United Kingdom or the U.K. is a country, Great Britain is an island, and England is one of the country’s administrative regions.
英国是大西洋中的一个岛国，位于欧洲大陆西北海岸。你可能有想过，UK、Great Britain和England有什么区别，下面我们来看一看：
这个国家的正式名称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国， 通常简称英国。大不列颠是一个位于法国西北部和爱尔兰东部的岛，这个岛上有三个自治区，分别是：英格兰，威尔士和苏格兰。简单的总结是，英国（UK）是一个国家，大不列颠是一个岛，英格兰是该国一个行政区。
National Flag 国旗
The national flag of the U.K. is known as the Union Jack or the Union flag. It is composed of three regions’ heraldic flags: The flag of England is represented by the St. George's Cross, which is a red cross on a white base. Scotland is represented by the St. Andrew's cross, which is the white diagonal cross on a blue base and Northern Ireland is represented by the St. Patrick's Cross, which is the red diagonal cross on a white base. When the cross of St. Patrick was incorporated into the flag in 1801 it represented all of Ireland but in the 1920s most of Ireland became a separate country and since then the cross has only represented Northern Ireland.
英国国旗被称为“Union Jack，”由三个地区的纹章旗帜组成：白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。在1920年代，爱尔兰大部分地区成为一个单独的国家，旗上的神圣帕特里克十字架仅代表北爱尔兰。
National Anthem 国歌
The national anthem of the U.K. is “God Save the Queen.”
英国的国歌是“上帝保佑女王”。
Currency 货币
The official currency of the United Kingdom is the Pound Sterling. It is the world's oldest currency which is still in use and is one of the most traded currencies in the world. Its symbol is £, and its currency code is GBP, which is an abbreviation of "Great Britain Pound."
英国使用的官方货币是英镑。它是世界上仍在使用的最古老的货币，并且是世界上交易最多的货币之一。它的符号是£，货币代码是GBP，是“Great Britain Pound”的缩写。
Language 语言
The common language used in the UK is English, it is spoken throughout the country. There are a lot of dialects too, and some of them can be hard to understand, even for English people and in Wales, some people still speak Welsh. Dialects include:
Cockney (London)
Brummy (Birmingham)
Mancunian (Manchester)
West Country (Devon, Cornwall and Bristol)
Scouser (Liverpool)
Geordie (Newcastle, Middlesborough and Sunderland)
Scottish (Scotland)
Welsh (Wales)
在英国使用的通用语言是英语，英语在整个国家使用但是也有很多方言，其中一些可能很难理解,连英国人自己可能会觉得很难懂，还有一些威尔士人仍然还是在讲威尔士语。在英国的方言包括：
科克尼（伦敦）
布鲁米（伯明翰）
曼库尼（曼彻斯特）
西部国（德文，康沃尔和布里斯托尔）
斯科瑟（利物浦）
盖迪（纽卡斯尔，米德尔斯堡和桑德兰）
苏格兰语（苏格兰）
威尔士语（威尔士）
Capital City 首都
Big Ben, London.
伦敦，大笨钟。
The capital and most populous city of the U.K. is London. It is located in the south east of the island of Great Britain. The city was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium, and is one of the oldest great cities with history spanning nearly two millennia. Now, London is the country’s economic, transportation, and cultural center.
英国的首都和人口最多的城市是伦敦。它位于大不列颠岛的东南部。该城市由罗马人建立，并命名为Londinium，是历史最悠久的大城市之一，历史跨越了近两千年。现在，伦敦已成为该国的经济，交通和文化中心。
London’s skyline along the River Thames
泰晤士河畔的伦敦天际线
Other major cities in the U.K. include Birmingham, Manchester, West Yorkshire, Glasgow, Liverpool, Cardiff, Sheffield, Edinburgh, etc.
英国的其他主要城市包括伯明翰，曼彻斯特，西约克郡，格拉斯哥，利物浦，加的夫，谢菲尔德，爱丁堡等。
Brief History 简史
Neolithic structure dates back to around 3,800 BCE
新石器时代的建筑可以追溯到公元前3800年左右
The islands that are today the United Kingdom were formed as Ocean levels rose and separated them from mainland Europe, this happened around 6000 BCE. The Celtic people arrived in the islands at about 600 BCE. The islands were invaded by the Romans in 55 BCE. This brought the local islanders into contact with the rest of Europe. After the Roman Empire weakened, the islands were invaded by the Saxons, the Vikings, and finally the Normans. The English conquered Wales in 1282 under Edward I. The two countries became unified in 1536. Scotland became part of the British crown in 1602 when the king of Scotland became the King James I of England. The union became official in 1707. Ireland became a part of the union in 1801. However, many of the Irish rebelled and, in 1921, the southern part of Ireland was made a separate country and an Irish free state.
今天的英国群岛是随着海平面上升并将它们与欧洲大陆分开而形成的，这事大约在公元前6000年发生的。凯尔特人大约在公元前600年到达该群岛上。这些岛屿在公元前55年被罗马人入侵。这使当地的岛民与欧洲其他地区接触。罗马帝国衰弱之后，撒克逊人，维京人，最后是诺曼人入侵了这些岛屿。英国人于1282年在爱德华一世的统治下征服了威尔士。这两个国家在1536年成为统一国。1602年，苏格兰国王成为英格兰国王詹姆斯一世，苏格兰成为英国王室的一部分。该联盟于1707年成为正式联盟。爱尔兰于1801年也加入了联盟国。但是，许多爱尔兰人反叛，随后在1921年，爱尔兰南部获得独立称为独并成为爱尔兰的自由邦。
In the 1500s Britain began to expand its empire into much of the world. After defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588, England became the world's dominant sea power. Britain first grew into the Far East and India and then to the Americas. In the early 1800s the UK defeated France in the Napoleonic Wars and became the supreme European power. In the 1900s, the United Kingdom became less of a dominant world power. It continued to lose control over colonies and was weakened by World War I. However, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, the United Kingdom was the last western European nation to oppose Germany in World War II and played a major role in defeating Hitler. The United Kingdom played a major role in the history of the world, taking a leading role in developing democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its peak in the 19th century, the British Empire covered over one-fourth of the surface of the earth. Read More...
在1500年代，英国开始将其帝国扩展到世界大部分地区。1588年击败西班牙无敌舰队后，英格兰成为世界上主要的海上强国。英国首先扩展到远东和印度，然后又扩展到美洲。1800年代初期，英国在拿破仑战争中击败了法国，成为欧洲的最大国。在1900年代，英国逐渐失去了统治世界的大国的地位。它失去了对殖民地的控制，并在第一次世界大战中被削弱。但是，在温斯顿·丘吉尔（Winston Churchill）的领导下，英国是第二次世界大战中反对德国的最后一个西欧国家，在击败希特勒方面发挥了重要作用。联合王国在世界历史上发挥了重要作用，在发展民主和推动文学与科学方面起着领导作用。大英帝国在19世纪的鼎盛时期覆盖了地球表面的四分之一。阅读更多。。。
People 人民
The UK has a very diverse population and people from all over the world live there. It is illegal to discriminate against people because of their race, religion, gender, sexuality or disability.
英国的人口非常多样化，来自世界各地的人们都居住在那里，而且种族，宗教，性别和残疾歧视是非法的。
Queen Elizabeth II 伊丽莎白女王二世
Queen Elizabeth II is Britain's longest-reigning monarch and has been on the throne since 1952. Elizabeth II is married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and is the Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. She is the longest-reigning monarch in the world.
伊丽莎白二世皇后是英国现任时间最长的君主，自1952年以来即位。伊丽莎白二世嫁给爱丁堡公爵菲利普亲王，并且是英国，加拿大，澳大利亚和新西兰的女王。她是世界上现任时间最长的君主。
Government 政府
The Prime Minister leads the government with the support of the Cabinet and ministers. The current Prime Minister is Boris Johnson MP. Prime Minister is the leader of Her Majesty’s Government and is ultimately responsible for all policy and decisions.
首相在内阁和部长的支持下领导政府。现任总理是鲍里斯·约翰逊议员。总理是英国女王下政府的领导人，并最终负责所有政策和决定。
The Prime Minister also:
首相还：
Oversees the operation of the Civil Service and government agencies.
Appoints members of the government.
Is the principal government figure in the House of Commons.
监督公务员和政府机构的运作。
任命政府成员。
是下议院的主要政府人物。
The Cabinet 内阁
The Cabinet Office
内阁办公室
The Cabinet is made up of the senior members of government. Every week during Parliament, members of the Cabinet (Secretaries of State from all departments and some other ministers) meet to discuss the most important issues for the government.
内阁由政府高级成员组成。国会期间，每周内阁成员（各部门的国务卿和其他部长）开会，讨论对政府最重要的问题。
Ministers 部长们
Ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister from the members of the House of Commons and House of Lords. They are responsible for the actions, successes and failures of their departments.
部长们是由首相从下议院和上议院成员中选出的。他们为部门的行动，成功和失败承担责任。
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