UK series 英国系列 10 | Facts about Stonehenge 关于巨石阵的事实
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Stonehenge is one of the most iconic sites in the world, but also still one of the most mysterious. Below are facts about Stonehenge that you might not have known.
巨石阵是世界上最具标志性，最神秘的遗址之一。下面是你可能不知道的关于巨石阵事实。
Stonehenge World Heritage Site
巨石阵世界遗产地
The Stonehenge part of the World Heritage Site covers 2,600 hectares (6,500 acres) of chalk downland and arable fields. It’s an area seven-and-a-half times as big as Central Park in New York City. The circular bank and ditch around Stonehenge itself enclose an area of over 10,000 square meters.
巨石阵是世界遗产地的一部分，占地2600公顷（6500英亩）的白垩高地和可耕地。这个地区是纽约中央公园的七倍半。仅仅巨石阵周围的圆形堤岸和沟渠，其面积超过1万平方米。
The average Stonehenge sarsen weighs 25 tons and the largest stone, the Heel Stone, weighs about 30 tons.
岩巨石的平均重量为25吨，最大的石头，跟石，重约30吨。
Visitors demonstrating the force needed to move one of Stonehenge sarsen stones.
游客们展示移动其中一块巨石阵所需的力量。
To give people an idea of how massive the Stonehenge stones actually are, there’s a replica sarsen stone behind the visitor center in the outdoor gallery. It’s an exact copy of a freestanding upright from one of the iconic trilithons that form an inner horseshoe at Stonehenge.
为了让人们了解巨石阵的石头到底有多大，在室外画廊的游客中心后面有一个岩石复制品。这是巨石阵内部马蹄形的标志性三部曲中一个独立的直立物的精确复制品。
Some of the stones are even bigger than they look
有些甚至比看上去还要大
2.13m of Stone 56, the tallest standing stone on the site, is buried underground – in total it measures 8.71 metres from base to tip.
最高的立石叫做56石头有2.13米部分埋在地下，其从底部到顶部总共8.71米。
The bluestones travelled 240km to Wiltshire from South Wales. They were brought from the Preseli Hills in south-west Wales, probably largely by boat.
它们来自威尔士西南部的普雷斯利山，可能主要是乘船运来的。青石乐队从南威尔士到威尔特郡走了240公里。
The reconstructed head on display in the visitor center is based on a real man. His skeleton was excavated in 1864 from a long barrow near Winterbourne Stoke roundabout. The history and significance of Stonehenge, the landscape, and its people are explored in the visitor center. Radiocarbon dating has shown that he died between 3,630 and 3,360BC – around 500 years before the first earthwork enclosure was built at Stonehenge.
游客中心展出的重建头像是以真人为原型的。他的骨架是1864年在温特伯恩-斯托克环岛附近的一辆长手推车上挖掘出来的。巨石阵的历史和意义，景观，以及它的人民都可以在游客中心探索。放射性碳年代测定显示，他死于公元前3630年至公元前3360年之间，比巨石阵建造的第一个土石方围墙早了大约500年。
Neolithic Houses are based on real dwellings
新石器时代的房屋是以真实的住宅为基础的
The five structures were built based on archaeological evidence of houses found at Durrington Walls. Radiocarbon dating has shown that these houses were inhabited for about 50-100 years in around 2,500 BC, exactly the time that the sarsen stones were being erected at Stonehenge. The closeness of the dates raises the distinct possibility that the people who occupied the houses at Durrington were involved in the construction of the sarsen stone settings and in celebrations at Stonehenge.
这五座建筑是根据在杜灵顿城墙发现的房屋考古证据建造的。放射性碳年代测定显示，这些房屋在公元前2500年左右被居住了大约50-100年，正是在巨石阵上竖立萨森石的时间。日期的接近使得住在杜灵顿的人们很有可能参与了巨石阵的建造和巨石阵的庆祝活动。
Stonehenge was bought at an auction in 1915
巨石阵在1915年的一次拍卖会上被买的
It was purchased for £6,600 by local business man Cecil Chubb, who (reportedly) came to the auction to buy some dining chairs. Three years later Chubb gave the monument to the nation, to be cared for by the then Ministry of Works. A series of major restorations and excavations took place from 1919 to 1929, and another major programmed between 1958 – 1964.
这是当地商人塞西尔·丘布（Cecil Chubb）以6600英镑的价格购买的，他本来（据报道）是参加拍卖会购买一些餐椅的。三年后，丘布将这座纪念碑捐给了国家，由当时的工部负责照料。1919年至1929年进行了一系列重大的恢复和挖掘工作，1958年至1964年进行了另一项重大计划。
The first guidebook claimed Stonehenge survived Noah’s flood
第一本指南声称巨石阵在诺亚的洪水中幸存了下来
It was written by Henry Browne and published in 1823, based on a Biblical view of history. The guidebook regarded Stonehenge as one of the few ancient structures that survived the Old Testament flood.
这本书是亨利·布朗根据圣经的历史观写的，1823年出版。指南写着巨石阵是在旧约洪水中幸存下来的少数古代建筑之一。
Cow jaws were prized objects for ancestors
牛的下颚是当地祖先的珍品
A cow’s jaw is one of the many items on display in the permanent exhibition
牛的下颚是永久展览中展出的许多展品之一
This cow’s jaw was probably several hundred years old when it was placed on the floor of the Stonehenge ditch. (It has been radiocarbon dated to a period before the ditch was dug.) Its good condition shows that it might have been carefully kept by generations of people. Cattle were very important to Neolithic people and this relic could have been a family or tribal totem.
在这发现的一个牛下颚的良好状况表明，它可能是由几代人精心保管的。牛对新石器时代的人来说是非常重要的，这个遗迹可能是一个家庭或部落图腾。
About 1,500 Roman objects have been found at Stonehenge
巨石阵中发现了大约1500件罗马物品
Coins, pins, jewelry and fragments of pottery are just some of the objects found. These weren’t just left behind by Roman tourists, they are thought to have been left by people visiting Stonehenge as a shrine – large pits were also dug inside the monument at this time.
在这还发现一些物品，比如，硬币、别针、珠宝和陶器碎片。这些不仅是罗马游客留下的，还被认为是作为神龛参观巨石阵的人们留下的——此时纪念碑内还挖出了大坑。
154 people volunteer at Stonehenge
154人在巨石阵当志愿者
They’re instrumental in bringing the past to life for over 1.3million visitors each year. From welcoming visitors to explaining life in the Neolithic houses and running education sessions, they’re a key part of the Stonehenge team.
他们每年为130多万游客服务。从欢迎游客到解释新石器时代房屋的生活和举办教育课程，他们是巨石阵团队的关键组成部分。
And each month of the year, there is one up to two people who are proposed to at Stonehenge.
每个月在巨石阵有一两个人会被求婚。
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