期刊动态 | 《外国语》2021年44卷第1期

目 录

语言研究

Textual Anticipation and the Putative Reader in Persuasive Discourse

Peter R. R. White

Ambient Affiliation in Comments on YouTube Videos:Communing Around Values About ASMR

Michele Zappavigna

Mapuche People:Valuing a Colonial Past in the Official Primary History Textbook from an Intermodal Perspective of Historical Sources

Teresa Oteíza

存现动词与时体标记的类型特征

杜丹, 吴春相

论汉语“(大)约”的客体化与边界化

艾朝阳, 陈荣素

翻译研究

关于文学翻译的语言问题

许钧

西方翻译史学研究中的现实关联

谭载喜

文学翻译批评事件与翻译理论建构

刘云虹

媒介转向下的多模态翻译研究

吴赟

会议综述

政治传播语言学视域下的语言与认同——第四届国家话语生态研究高峰论坛述评

胡亦名, 孙丹

语言研究

Textual Anticipation and the Putative Reader in Persuasive Discourse

Peter R. R. White

The notion that ‘monologic’ written texts construe for themselves a putative addressee (variously termed the ‘ideal’, ‘imagined’, ‘virtual’, ‘intended’, ‘model’ or ‘mock’ reader) has received a great deal of scholarly attention, initially by scholars of literary fiction and subsequently by discourse analysts more generally.This paper is concerned with putative-reader positioning in persuasive texts and with how, through observing the relationships of alignment and dis-alignment which the author enters into with this putative reader, it is possible to better understand the rhetorical workings of these texts.More specifically, it demonstrates how, through an analysis of which beliefs, expectations and attitudes the author projects onto this putative addressee it is possible to better understand how such a text may be persuasive, to more systematically describe the ‘compliant readings’ associated with a text and to more thoroughly deal with ‘ideological’ workings of persuasive texts as they naturalize particular value systems and world views.In outlining and demonstrating an approach to analyses of putative-addressee positioning, the paper draws on prior work in literary criticism scholarship and in university composition studies.Its primary focus, however, is on developing prior work on the putative addressee in the appraisal-framework literature, in particular work which has attended to the role of the resources of dialogistic positioning (ENGAGEMENT) in ‘writing the reader into the text’.

Ambient Affiliation in Comments on YouTube Videos:Communing Around Values About ASMR

Michele Zappavigna

This paper explores ambient affiliation within the ASMR community on YouTube, investigating how values are communed around in YouTube comments.This community consists of viewers who watch videos designed to elicit an Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), that is, a pleasurable sensory reaction to visual or aural stimuli.The paper focuses on the linguistic resources involved in orienting the ambient audience to the values shared, as couplings of ATTITUDE and IDEATION, in the comments feed.Because most comments do not receive any reply, rather than dialogic affiliation, a framework for analysing communing affiliation, based on Zappavigna and Martin's (2018) approach to Twitter data, is applied.Three systems of meaning are considered:convoking (mustering community around a coupling), finessing (dialogically positioning a coupling), and promoting (emphasising a coupling).The paper develops these systems in terms of delicacy.The attitudinal component of the couplings is analysed using the Appraisal framework (Martin and White 2005).The dataset explored is the comments feed of the most viewed video on the Gentle Whispering ASMR YouTube channel, the most popular ASMR channel at the time of writing.

Mapuche People:Valuing a Colonial Past in the Official Primary History Textbook from an Intermodal Perspective of Historical Sources

Teresa Oteíza

This article explores from an intermodal perspective how visual and verbal historical documents contribute to the construction of value positions regarding the Mapuche people during colonial and early republican times in the latest official 5th grade primary Chilean History textbook.The study analyzes, in particular, the visual and verbal historical secondary sources that build in combination evaluative prosodies that in turn contribute to construct determinate ideological perspectives regarding Mapuche people.The discourse analysis takes a social and ideological intermodal approach (Oteíza & Pinuer 2016, 2019) focusing on an appraisal analysis (Martin & White 2005; Martin 2014; Hood 2010; Oteíza & Pinuer 2012, 2019) informed by socio-semiotic and Systemic Functional Linguistics theories.The cumulative intersemiotic reading of symbolic images and written documents privileges evaluative prosodies of negative integrity and of high conflict, in which Mapuche people are represented with more agency than Hispanics, emphasizing the stereotype of indigenous people as foreign, exotic and brave warriors, but also as violent, primitive and savage people that have had resisted Hispanic desires of slavering and cultural assimilation.Historical secondary sources offer alternative historical interpretations, although mainly constructed by evoked evaluations that could be less evident to children.

存现动词与时体标记的类型特征

杜丹, 吴春相

在语言类型学的视野下，本文研究发现许多语言中的进行体/持续体标记以及相关语法语素大多源于存现动词，包括存在义类、系词类、领有义类、位移义类、居住义类、处所义类等动词，这一语言现象在跨语言中具有普遍性。在此基础上本文试图探寻类型学视野下存现动词与时体标记的演变路径以及蕴含共性。作者最后指出，正是由于存现动词的显赫性、空间域向时间域的转换、语义泛化等动因，导致大多进行体/持续体标记由存现动词演变而成。

论汉语“(大)约”的客体化与边界化

艾朝阳, 陈荣素

鉴于大多数介词由动词演变而来，本文假设：动词“约”逐渐呈介词化趋势，现已基本具备介词与副词同一化形态。本文利用汉语历时和共时数据库，通过对汉语“约”（大约）进行历时和共时考察，发现现有的有关“约”的研究存在着不确定性甚至矛盾，于是从主体与客体的关系变化、句子历时演变的长度变化以及介词演变的基本语法化过程等方面，揭示出汉语“约”（大约）经历了一个语法化过程，即在形式上通过边界化趋势、在语义上通过客体化趋势、结构上通过次级化和降级化趋势，在句子构建的长度上实现变化，进而实现“（大）约”的介词化历程，由此揭示了“（大）约”的介词化动因及其演变机制。该机制是：“约”通过客体化实现主体脱落。其动因是：边界化的实现使得形式边缘化。该研究为进一步研究语法化和介词化以及相关语法问题提供了一个简单可行的解释机制，并对这一假设机制提供了有效验证。

翻译研究

关于文学翻译的语言问题

许钧

无论古今中外，翻译始终是促进语言生长的重要路径。促成语言的革新与创新是翻译的一大价值。但语言创新并非易事，翻译在引入有异于目的语的新词汇与新表达方式的同时，会遭遇来自目的语的抵抗，原语风格越是独特，“抗译性”越强。为了令目的语经受住翻译的锤炼，获得拓展与更新的可能，翻译一方面应重视文学语言所携带的“抗译性”，力戒以通顺、流畅之名去“抹平”原作语言的特质；另一方面应理解与处理好“翻译腔”与“外语性”的关系，努力保留原作在词语、句式、叙事等多层面的异质性，担负起传达差异、开拓语言空间、再现原作文学性、丰富文化的使命。

西方翻译史学研究中的现实关联

谭载喜

文章以西方翻译史学研究为主题，围绕翻译本质、翻译原则、翻译方法和译者角色等翻译研究中的基本问题，透过对西方翻译史学在相关问题上研究成果和研究方法的挖掘、梳理和分析，对西方翻译史学研究的意涵及其对整体翻译研究关联价值展开讨论，就相关研究主题以及由此引发的与当下关联的热点译学问题，提出作者的个人思想和主张。

文学翻译批评事件与翻译理论建构

刘云虹

翻译批评具有沟通翻译理论与翻译实践并促使两者实现互动的功能，对翻译理论建设而言意义重大。本文借助事件理论的相关概念，以我国翻译批评史上产生了广泛影响的《红与黑》汉译讨论和当下正在发生的中国文学外译批评为例，一方面深入分析具有事件性的翻译批评在翻译理论的建构与深化中所发挥的积极作用，另一方面从契机、驱动力、主体等维度探寻翻译批评事件得以构建的主客观要素，以期促使翻译批评更好地展现其应有价值。

媒介转向下的多模态翻译研究

吴赟

翻译研究长期以来以语言研究为中心，但实际上文本并非只有语言一种模态，在媒介形态与方式日趋丰富复杂的语境下，翻译研究有必要探索其他模态符号在翻译过程中意义的构建与转换。本文从多模态及多模态翻译的概念及意义出发，回溯多模态翻译研究的历史，陈述媒介转向之下多模态翻译研究的必要性与重要性，界定其内涵、类型及特征，同时阐明相关研究的基本问题以及研究方法。

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