新概念英语第二册 L6全解析

lesson 6 Percy Buttons

　　I have just moved to a house in BridgeStreet. Yesterday a beggar¹ knocked at mydoor. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggarstood on his head and sang songs. I gavehim a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheesein his pocket and went away. Later aneighbour told me about him. Everybodyknows him. His name is Percy Buttons.He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and aglass of beer.

New words and expressions 

生词和短语

beggar n. 乞丐
food n. 食物
pocket n. 衣服口袋
call v. 拜访，光顾

参考译文

我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫珀西.巴顿斯。他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。

　　自学导读
1．I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. 我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。
move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”。在这句话里它的意思是“搬家”、“迁移”，为不及物动词。在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用，也可以组成短语move to, move into, move in, move out等：
Jack² has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.
杰克已经搬走了。约翰后天搬进来。
2．He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. （他问）我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
在表示请求时，可以用ask＋sb. ＋for＋sth.,也可以直接用ask for:
Don't always ask others for help.
别总向他人求助。
He never asks his parents for money.
他从来不向父母要钱。
3．in return for this, 作为报答，作为交换。
in return可以单独使用，也可以加介词for说明原因：
You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I'll show you some picture books.
你上个月把这本有趣的书借给了我。作为报答，我将给你看一些画册。
In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
你帮了我的忙。作为回报，我邀请你与我的家人一起过这个周末。
4．Later a neighbour told me about him. 后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。
介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于……（的）”、“涉及……（的）”：
Please tell me about the accident.
请告诉我这次事故的一些情况。
He spoke³ to me about his dog.
他和我讲了讲他的狗。
I have read about him.
关于他的情况我曾经读到过。
5．once a month, 每月一次。
once表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词：
Jane wrote to her parents once a week.
简每星期给父母写封信。
He goes back to the South once a year.
他每年回一次南方。
The postman calls once a day.
邮递员每天来一次。

　　语法 Grammar in use

1．a, the与some的用法
当表示不确定的某个人或东西时，用不定冠词a/an:
He bought a book this afternoon.
今天下午他买了本书。
There is a man in front of your car.
你的汽车前面有一个男人。
当表示不可数的名词时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组：
A cup of coffee, please.
请给我来一杯咖啡。
I need a sheet of paper.
我需要一张纸。
当表示一类事物的性质、状态时，可以用下列方法表示：
A tiger is a dangerous animal.
老虎是一种危险的动物。
Tigers are dangerous.
老虎是危险的。
Salt is necessary for/ to us all.
我们大家都需要盐。
some用于表示不确定的某些人或东西，可数和不可数都可以：
He put some books on the desk.
他把一些书放在了桌上。
Some students are absent today.
今天有些学生缺席了。
I like to put some sugar in the soup.
我喜欢在汤里加些糖。
如果指某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词the（有时相当于this/ that）:
The man has just left.
那人刚走。
Do you still want the ticket?
你还想要这张票吗？
Yesterday I saw a beautiful skirt in a shop. But the skirt was too expensive.
昨天我在商店看见一条漂亮的裙子。但是那裙子太贵了。
在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词：
Tom is in Germany now. He studies physics in Berlin. He has a house in Bridge Street.
汤姆现在在德国。他在柏林学习物理学。在大桥街他有一所房子。
April is a pleasant month.
4月气候宜人。
He has classes on Monday.
他星期一有课。
冠词的用法比较复杂，需慢慢积累。
2．短语动词 (Phrasal verbs)
许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义，因此需要记住整个短语，并根据上下文的意义判断动词在句子中的意思。常见的短语动词有： put on（穿上，戴上）， take off（脱掉，摘掉）， look for （寻找），look after（照顾，照料）：
Don't put the cup on the table!
别把杯子放在桌上！
It is cold outside. Put on your coat.
今天外面冷。穿上外衣。
Someone has taken my pen.
有人把我的钢笔拿走了。
Take off your wet shoes, please.
请把你的湿鞋子脱掉。
She looked at the picture carefully.
她仔细地看着那幅画。
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？
She looked after the sick baby for three days.
她照顾了那个病孩子3天。

　　词汇学习 Word study

1．knock
（1）vi. 敲门：
Someone is knocking at the door.
有人在敲门。
I knocked, but no one answered.
我敲了敲门，但是没人答应。
（2）vt., vi. 碰撞：
You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning.
今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
She has knocked a cup over again.
她又碰倒了一个杯子。
（3）vt. 把（某人）打成……状态：
Bob is very strong. He knocked Tom out yesterday.
鲍勃很强壮，他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
（4）与off连用时有一些特殊的含义。一般用于口语。
A vt.（价格上）减去，除去，打折扣：
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.
他们把这件上衣的价格降低了5美元。
B vi. 下班，停止，中断（工作等）：
When do you usually knock off?
你一般什么时候下班？
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven.
他11点半休息吃中午饭。
2．call
（1）vt., vi. 叫，喊：
I heard someone calling.
我听见有人在喊叫。
（2）vt. 呼唤，召唤：
Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.
露西病了。请去叫个医生来。
（3）vi. 访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠：
Amy called(at our house) yesterday.
艾米昨天来（我们家）了。
I have just called on Mr. Frith.
我刚刚去看望过弗里斯先生。
The train calls at large stations only.
这列火车只停大站。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案

A Some meat, a desk, some tobacco⁴, a tin of beans, a comb, acity, a/ some cloth, some oil, a bottle of beer, a day, a word, a student, some sugar, some rain, an orange, a/ some rubber
D (sample answers)
1 I found an old coin in the garden.
2 I put some sugar in my tea.
3 I cut some wood for a/ the fire.
4 I bought a newspaper yesterday.
5 I made some coffee.
6 I like the curtains in this room.
2．难点练习答案
A 1 out 2 over 3 off 4 at
B 1 knocked him out
2 knock off
3 knocked 20% off the price
3．多项选择题答案
1 d  2 a  3 c  4 d  5 d  6 a
7 d  8 a  9 b  10 a  11d  12 a

　　课堂笔记
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】
★beggar　n. 乞丐
beg v.乞求
I beg your pardon?
ask for :请求得到
beg for :乞求得到
★food　n. 食物　不可数
a lot of food
★pocket　n. 衣服口袋
inner⁵ pocket:内口袋
jacket pocket
coat pocket
pocket book:袖珍书
pocket dictionary:袖珍词典
pocket money：（小孩）零花钱
change:零钱
get exact change：准备好正确的零花钱
beer money:（男孩）零花钱
pocket pick:车上的小偷
★call　v. 拜访，光顾
visit
call sb:给某人打电话
call up sb:给某人打电话
call back:回某人电话
Can you take a message for me?
Can you tell him to call back?
call on sb　拜访某人
call at,at一般和地点相连
call at+地点＝visit someplace　拜访某地
I will call on you.
I will call at your Home.
call out =shout,大声喊
call in sb:招集和邀请某人
For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.

　　【课文讲解】

move to :搬到
knock at:敲
knock at the door
knock at the window
beer;bear
ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西；request for
for;为了这个目的去请求某人，sb更多的时候不出现，ask for sth
The boy asked for money again/once more.
in return for this：作为对什么的回报
in return:作为回报
He doesn't want anything in return.
hospitality⁶:热情
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.
this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情
stood on his head：倒立
stand on one's hands:用手着地
跪着，膝盖：knees,stand on one's knees
躺着，躺：lie,lie in bed,lie on one's back:仰面躺着
lie on one's side:侧躺
趴着：lie on one's stomach
give him a meal
go away
later：后来
tell sb about sth,about:关于，通过其他事自己得出结论，tell you about him
tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)，tell you the news
tell you the word
tell you about the word
everybody作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词
所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待
calls at every house
in the street英国写／on the street美国写
once a month:一个月一次，单位表达方式
a.表示每月一次，计量单位
five kilometers an hour
ask for,是ask sb for sth的省略
Percy Buttons?a beggar
He calls at eery house in the street once a month and asks for a meal
and a glass of bear
Key structures】关键句型
a,the和some
a:单数，可数名词
the:可加单数/复数，还可加不可数名词，加在什么名词前面都对
some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面
a和the的区别
a是泛指，a man;特指，the man
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰，第二次出现的时候用the
在表示一种笼统感念的陈述句中可以省略a和some
Yesterday I bought a book,Books are not very expensive.
笼统感念：某某一类／一种东西
I have just drunk⁷ a glass of milk ,Milk is　very refreshing⁸.
I ate an apple./Apples are delicious.
I like oranges.Would you like some oranges?
Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour,a bag of sugar,and some tea.
She always buys flour,sugar and tea at the grocer's
a和the
A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel⁹.The parcel
is full of meat.
Names
We cannot put a or the in front of names
表示某某一类人当中，具有这种特征当中的一个，a Mr.zhang

Special Difficulties】难点

某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义，这种新的组合称作短语动词
put:放，put on
take:拿走，take off
look:看，look at:看，look for:寻找，look afrer:照顾，look out:当心
call,call at,call on,call in ,call back,call for
knock，knock at:敲，knock off,knock over,knock out
knock off:下班，He knocked off earlier.
knock sth off+地点，knock the vase¹⁰ off the table
knock off:打折，knock 10% off the price.
knock over,A car knocked the boy over.
如果有地点，off; 无地点，over,I knocked the boy off the bicycle.

Exercises

1...out...
knock out :打陨，boxer:拳击手
在拳击场合中，把人打倒在地叫knock out
2...over...
无地点
3...off...
4...at...
1...
knock out
2...
knock off
3...
knock 10% off the price of all the goods
Multiple choice question】
5...D...
say说/tell告诉
He says + 句子；He says+that+句子；say to sb.
tell sb.+句子：tell sb.+that+句子
He said to me/he told me
Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语
一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词
He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar.
6..
they all/all they
all of us/all of them
我们所有人　all of us,we all
each/every 每一个
each:强调个体；every 强调整体
every adj.+n. 每一个（书，本，人等）
each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语
every person likes...
each person likes.../each likes...
every 不能做主语；each 强调个体，使用第三人称单数
7...
once a month:每月一次，属于频率
对频率提问：how often
提问多久：how long
提问次数：how many times
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问
How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问
How soon 多久以后
How soon will you finish your Homework?
Vocabulary
8...
out of work 失业
I am out of work,/I lose my job.
10...A...
piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
bit：
bar:a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力
bar 门闩：长条状：a bar of chocolate;　a bar of soap
block 块，一大块: block v.堵塞；block n.房子
packet:一包
a piece of.../a bit of...
12...A...
same age and size 同年代同样式
street 两边有房子的街道
way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路（强调方向）
road 路的通称：road Home 通往家的路
route¹¹ 路线

　　〖语法精粹〗

1.How can you___b____if you are not ____?
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
C.be listening/hear
D.be hearing/listening to
listen听／hear听见
如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢？
be　不能加动词原形；be+ -ed/-ing
can+动词原形
2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she____her Homework.
A.will finish
B.is finishing
C.had finished
D.finishes
won't=will not
状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时．
3.Those who have applied¹² for the post__A__in the office.(此题超前）
A.are being interviewed
B.are interviewing
C.interviewing
D.to be interviewing
apply for 申请
who 在名词后面，引导定语从句
interview 面试
从句（have applied for)现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词
A.are being interviewed　被动
B.are interviewing　　　 主动
4.The old scientist _____to do more for the country.
A.is wishing
B.has been wishing.
C.wishes
D.has been wished　合理不合情
scientist 科学家；wish 希望
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态．
wish sb.to do
5.If he______,don't wake him up.
A.still sleeps
B.is still sleeping
C.still had been sleeping
D.will be sleeping still
if——一般用一般现在式
如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他
1.关键词
2.上下文
3.潜在含义
now　现在进行时
often,always
just,already 现在完成时
last week,last summer...一般过去时

1 beggar
n.乞丐，穷人，募捐者
参考例句：
The beggar begged from the rich but they refused.那个乞丐向富人们乞讨，但遭到了拒绝。 He is so rich and lives like a beggar.他非常有钱可是生活得象个乞丐。

2 jack
n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克
参考例句：
I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。 He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

3 spoke
n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说
参考例句：
They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。 The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 tobacco
n.烟草；烟草制品；抽烟
参考例句：
Tobacco is considered by some to be an evil.烟草被有些人认为是一种祸害. A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.每年在烟草上花去大量的钱.

5 inner
adj.内部的，里面的；内在的，内心的；精神的
参考例句：
The label is on the inner side of the box.标签贴在盒子内侧。 Other people seek the mountains for renewal of their inner lives.另一些人到深山中去，寻求新的精神生活。

6 hospitality
n.好客，殷勤；adj.（气候等）宜人，适宜
参考例句：
He welcomed you to enjoy his hospitality.他欢迎你去做客。 Thank you for your kind hospitality.谢谢你的盛情款待。

7 drunk
adj.醉酒的；(喻)陶醉的；n.酗酒者，醉汉
参考例句：
People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。 She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时，经常发现他醉醺醺的。

8 refreshing
adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的
参考例句：
I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。 The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

9 parcel
n.小包；包裹；vt.分配；打包；adj.部分的；adv.局部地
参考例句：
Shall I tie up your things in a parcel?我把您的东西包起来，好吗？ The parcel was sent express.这包裹是用快递方式寄出去的。

10 vase
n.花瓶，瓶
参考例句：
She knocked the vase off by accident.她不小心把花瓶打掉了。 I saw the vase in the window of a shop.我在一家商店的橱窗里看见了这个花瓶。

11 route
n.路径，途径，路线；vt.确定路线，按规定路线发送
参考例句：
On the way home, we took an indirect route.回家的路上，我们绕了一个大圈。 The plane did not fly the usual commercial route.飞机没有沿通常的商业航线飞。

12 applied
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
参考例句：
She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。 This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

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